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Innovating Methodologies for Examining Gentrification-Induced Social and Cultural Displacement: An Illustration of Integrating Photovoice into Story Map 研究中产阶级化引发的社会文化位移的创新方法——将摄影声音融入故事地图的例证
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231177628
Brittany Davis, Kirk A. Foster, Ronald O. Pitner, Nikki R. Wooten, Mary L. Ohmer
Gentrification has been identified as a phenomenon that involves impacts on space and place. Particularly, gentrification's social and cultural impacts involve disrupted meanings residents associate with spaces. Although space and place dynamics of gentrification have been well-documented, gentrification research has primarily involved traditional quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods approaches. These traditional approaches have not fully captured the nuanced ways space and place dimensions of gentrification converge in their impacts on residents. Also, traditional approaches have limited most gentrification research to theory and descriptions, as opposed to action and practice. To this end, innovative, integrated methodologies are needed for a paradigm shift in how gentrification is examined and addressed. In this article, we illustrate the use of photovoice and Geographic Information Systems’ Story Map as an integrated methodological approach to examining and fostering action against gentrification's space-place impacts. We provide strengths and challenges of this approach and recommendations for future research.
绅士化被认为是一种影响空间和地点的现象。特别是,士绅化的社会和文化影响涉及到居民与空间联系的意义被破坏。尽管士绅化的空间和地点动态已经有了很好的记录,但士绅化研究主要涉及传统的定量、定性和混合方法。这些传统方法并没有完全捕捉到士绅化的空间和场所维度对居民影响的细微差别。此外,传统方法将大多数士绅化研究局限于理论和描述,而不是行动和实践。为此,需要创新、综合的方法来改变绅士化的审查和解决方式。在这篇文章中,我们展示了使用照片语音和地理信息系统的故事地图作为一种综合方法论方法,来检查和促进针对士绅化的空间影响的行动。我们提供了这种方法的优势和挑战,并为未来的研究提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
Agendas, Coalitions, Resources, and Schemes of Cooperation: Using the Urban Regime Framework to Study Processes of Urban Governance 议程、联盟、资源和合作方案:利用城市制度框架研究城市治理过程
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231180812
Julien van Ostaaijen
One of the questions when undertaking comparative research into local politics and processes of collective organization is what frame should be used. In recent decades, many scholars have opted for the urban regime. There is however much debate about the usefulness of this concept for comparative purposes, with the urban regime accused of being theoretically both too narrow as well as too general. In three Dutch case studies, researchers have sought a middle way by applying the urban regime's four building blocks (agenda, coalition, resources, and scheme of cooperation) as a heuristic framework. The results show that this approach has several advantages, especially for comparative purposes, as it provides a clear oversight as to which agendas dominate where and when, and how certain coalitions, resources, and schemes of cooperation align. These benefits however require close attention to certain points: researchers should interpret the building blocks consistently and try to avoid overlap and repetition between them.
在对地方政治和集体组织过程进行比较研究时,一个问题是应该使用什么框架。近几十年来,许多学者选择了城市制度。然而,对于这一概念在比较方面的有用性,人们有很多争论,城市制度被指责在理论上既过于狭隘,也过于笼统。在荷兰的三个案例研究中,研究人员通过应用城市制度的四个组成部分(议程、联盟、资源和合作方案)作为启发式框架,寻求了一种折中的方法。结果表明,这种方法有几个优点,特别是出于比较目的,因为它提供了一个明确的监督,可以监督哪些议程在何时何地占主导地位,以及某些联盟、资源和合作计划如何协调一致。然而,这些好处需要密切关注某些方面:研究人员应该始终如一地解释构建块,并尽量避免它们之间的重叠和重复。
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引用次数: 0
The Emergence of Environmental Justice in General Plans: Lessons From California's Senate Bill 1000 总体规划中环境正义的出现:来自加州参议院第1000号法案的教训
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231175841
Michelle E. Zuñiga, M. Méndez
At the center of demands for cleaner air, water, and soil in communities disproportionately impacted by environmental hazards, are often cities and counties. Local jurisdictions are uniquely positioned to shape policies and engage with residents in processes that can transform land-use patterns that have negatively impacted low-income, people of color communities. This study assesses the approaches to environmental justice (EJ) that California local jurisdictions with high levels of cumulative environmental health impact are developing in their general plans, under Senate Bill 1000. Results indicate positive outcomes such as the establishment of EJ advisory committees. However, findings also underscore challenges such as a lack of political support from elected officials and minimal resources to implement measures. We find that most general plans include EJ considerations, however, there are concerns regarding how their implementation will unfold. We provide practice-based recommendations to assist planners across the nation working to develop effective EJ considerations.
在受环境危害影响过大的社区,对更清洁的空气、水和土壤的需求的中心往往是城市和县。地方司法管辖区在制定政策和让居民参与改变土地使用模式方面处于独特地位,这些模式对低收入有色人种社区产生了负面影响。这项研究评估了根据参议院第1000号法案,具有高累积环境健康影响的加州地方司法管辖区在其总体计划中正在制定的环境正义(EJ)方法。结果表明取得了积极成果,例如成立了EJ咨询委员会。然而,调查结果也突显了一些挑战,如缺乏民选官员的政治支持,实施措施的资源很少。我们发现,大多数通用计划都包括EJ考虑因素,然而,对于它们的实施方式也存在一些担忧。我们提供基于实践的建议,以帮助全国各地的规划者制定有效的EJ考虑因素。
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引用次数: 1
What is the Future of Survey-Based Data Collection for Local Government Research? Trends, Strategies, and Recommendations 基于调查的地方政府研究数据收集的未来是什么?趋势、策略和建议
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231175837
Rachel M. Krause, S. M. Fatemi, Le Anh Nguyen Long, Gwen Arnold, Sarah L. Hofmeyer
Surveys are an important vehicle for advancing research on urban policy and governance. The introduction of online tools eased survey-based data collection, making it cheaper and easier to obtain data from key informants like local elected officials or public administrators. However, the utility of web-based survey administration may be diminishing. To investigate this dynamic and search for strategies to support survey research in urban studies, we perform a systematic review of survey research in urban policy and administration scholarship and conduct an original survey follow-up experiment. Our findings identify a clear downward trend in survey response rates that was accentuated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from our survey experiment show distinctly different costs per solicitation and per completed survey, depending on administration mode. These findings stimulate discussion on how scholars may continue to use surveys to generate high-quality, empirically rigorous research on urban affairs in light of recent trends.
调查是推进城市政策和治理研究的重要工具。在线工具的引入简化了基于调查的数据收集,使从地方民选官员或公共行政人员等关键信息提供者那里获取数据变得更便宜、更容易。然而,基于网络的调查管理的效用可能正在减弱。为了调查这一动态并寻找支持城市研究中调查研究的策略,我们对城市政策和行政学术中的调查研究进行了系统的回顾,并进行了一项原始的调查跟踪实验。我们的调查结果表明,调查响应率呈明显下降趋势,这在新冠肺炎大流行期间尤为突出。我们的调查实验结果显示,根据管理模式的不同,每次招标和每次完成的调查的成本明显不同。这些发现激发了关于学者如何继续利用调查,根据最近的趋势,对城市事务进行高质量、严格的实证研究的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
An Introduction to Volume 59, Issue 4 第59卷第4期简介
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231174510
Richardson Dilworth, M. Sidney
Several articles examine dimensions of representation in urban democracies. In a study of local government hearings in Massachusetts, Einstein et al. (2023) ask whether meeting structure—namely if a meeting is held in-person or on Zoom—can increase the diversity of participants. The answer, it seems, is no: In the planning and zoning board meetings held on Zoom in nearly one hundred Massachusetts cities, there was no significant difference in the representativeness of participants on Zoom compared to in-person meetings. Like in-person hearings, nearly all residents who offered comments by Zoom opposed affordable housing. Older people, white people, and homeowners were vastly overrepresented. Although online meeting formats reduced some barriers to participation, they did not attract a broader range of people or ideas. Two additional articles probe questions related to the relationship between gender and urban democracy. Tolley, Lawlor, and Fortier-Chouinard (2023) consider how voters assess women and men running for mayor in Canadian cities. Contrary to the idea that local office would be more hospitable to women, as they would be perceived as “well-suited” to local issues, voters assessed women mayoral candidates more negatively than male candidates. The authors describe a double-bind: voters’ negative comments about women candidates employed masculine terms such as “assertive” or “aggressive;” yet these same terms were viewed positively when attached to male candidates. At the same time, when voters perceived women candidates as having “feminine” traits such as kindness or approachability, those traits were not perceived as valuable for leadership positions. The authors suggest that voters’ assessments change when they know more about the candidates, but that the low visibility and generally low media coverage of local Letter from the Editors
有几篇文章考察了城市民主中代表性的维度。在对马萨诸塞州地方政府听证会的研究中,爱因斯坦等人(2023)询问会议结构(即会议是亲自举行还是通过zoom举行)是否可以增加参与者的多样性。答案似乎是否定的:在马萨诸塞州近100个城市举行的Zoom规划和分区委员会会议中,与面对面的会议相比,Zoom上参与者的代表性没有显著差异。就像面对面的听证会一样,几乎所有通过Zoom发表评论的居民都反对经济适用房。老年人、白人和有房者的比例大大过高。尽管在线会议形式减少了参与的一些障碍,但它们并没有吸引更广泛的人或想法。另外两篇文章探讨了与性别与城市民主之间关系有关的问题。Tolley, Lawlor和Fortier-Chouinard(2023)考虑选民如何评估在加拿大城市竞选市长的女性和男性。人们认为,地方公职对女性会更友好,因为她们会被认为“更适合”处理地方问题,与此相反,选民对女性市长候选人的评价比男性候选人更负面。作者描述了一种双重困境:选民对女性候选人的负面评论使用了男性化的词汇,如“自信”或“咄咄逼人”;而对男性候选人的评价则是积极的。与此同时,当选民认为女性候选人具有“女性化”的特征,如善良或平易近人时,他们认为这些特征对领导职位没有价值。作者认为,当选民对候选人了解得更多时,他们的评价就会改变,但当地《编辑来信》的低能见度和普遍较低的媒体报道也会改变
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引用次数: 0
Erratum to Inaccuracies in Low Income Housing Geocodes: When and Why They Matter 低收入住房地理编码不准确的勘误:何时和为什么重要
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231175963
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引用次数: 0
Innovation Districts: Assessing Their Potential as a Strategy for Urban Economic Development 创新区:作为城市经济发展战略的潜力评估
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231173618
J. Drucker, C. M. Kayanan
Innovation districts have gained attention as a fast-spreading urban economic development strategy, raising numerous questions. What are their distinguishing attributes? Are they a substantive policy innovation? Are they likely to succeed in fostering innovation and economic dynamism? We propose a definition of innovation districts based on their characteristic features. Given the ambiguity of the term in practice, this is crucial for understanding and analyzing the strategy. We then evaluate innovation districts by applying theories and current understandings of the spatial and economic development aspects of innovation, entrepreneurship, and human capital, illustrating with examples from Boston, Detroit, Saint Louis, and San Diego. We conclude that the combination of components that comprises innovation districts is both new and valuable. Innovation districts present a potential pathway for advancing regional economic development goals via the pathways of innovation and entrepreneurship. We stress the importance of rigorous empirical evaluation and research regarding a variety of practical and strategic concerns.
创新区作为一种快速发展的城市经济发展战略,受到了广泛关注,并引发了诸多问题。它们的区别属性是什么?它们是实质性的政策创新吗?它们有可能成功地促进创新和经济活力吗?本文从创新区特征出发,对创新区进行了界定。鉴于该术语在实践中的模糊性,这对于理解和分析该策略至关重要。然后,我们运用理论和当前对创新、创业和人力资本的空间和经济发展方面的理解来评估创新区,并以波士顿、底特律、圣路易斯和圣地亚哥为例进行说明。我们的结论是,组成创新区的要素组合既新颖又有价值。创新区为通过创新创业途径推进区域经济发展目标提供了一条潜在途径。我们强调对各种实际和战略问题进行严格的实证评估和研究的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Affordability with an Expiration Date: A Microsimulation for Estimating the Demographic Changes Caused by Deregulation of Assisted Housing 有到期日的可负担性:评估辅助住房监管放松引起的人口结构变化的微观模拟
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231169213
Sharon Yavo-Ayalon, Daphna Levine, Shai Sussman, Meirav Aharon Gutman
This research turns the spotlight to the deregulation of once publicly funded affordable housing. Through a microsimulation that follows the conversion from affordable to market-rate units on Roosevelt Island New York, we estimate the expected demographic changes each year between 1976 and 2070. The simulation combines information from the American Community Survey, the island's masterplan, the privatization agreements, and interviews with residents, to produce interactive graphs at three urban scales: the neighborhood, the project, and the building. We found that while the households of market-rate units are gradually becoming younger and more affluent, the households of affordable units are becoming older and more impoverished. Despite an individual agreement for each building, the demographic changes are similar, and that, those changes will affect low-income buildings first. Moreover, upon expiration, 30 percent of the existing protected tenants will be over 65 and at risk of being displaced. The simulation is available at http://ridigitaltwin.pythonanywhere.com/ .
这项研究将焦点转向了对曾经由政府资助的经济适用房的放松管制。通过在纽约罗斯福岛从负担得起的单元转换为市场价格单元之后的微观模拟,我们估计了1976年至2070年间每年的预期人口变化。该模拟结合了来自美国社区调查、岛屿总体规划、私有化协议和对居民的采访的信息,生成了三个城市尺度的互动图:社区、项目和建筑。我们发现,当市场价住房的家庭逐渐变得更年轻、更富裕时,经济适用住房的家庭却变得更老、更贫困。尽管每栋建筑都有单独的协议,但人口结构的变化是相似的,这些变化将首先影响低收入建筑。此外,到期后,30%的现有受保护租户将超过65岁,面临流离失所的风险。模拟可在http://ridigitaltwin.pythonanywhere.com/。
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引用次数: 0
Leadership Transfer Networks and Regional Environmental Governance Performance 领导权转移网络与区域环境治理绩效
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231169920
C. Cui, Wenna Chen, Hongtao Yi
In response to the increasing attention paid to environmental governance and leadership mobility, this study explores the interactions between leadership mobility and environmental governance performance. From the perspective of networks, this study aims to determine whether leadership mobility networks shape environmental governance outcomes. We argue that leadership transfer networks affect local water governance performance, which is particularly evident when leadership mobility occurs between cities with similar institutional environments. We collected managers’ career data and water governance performance from forty-one cities located in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta region in China from 2011 to 2015. Methodologically, we employ spatial temporal autoregressive models to test the hypotheses and confirm the effects of the leadership transfer network on the homogeneity of water governance performance across the region. Theoretically, this study advances the institutional collective action framework in regional water governance by providing supplementary mechanisms from the perspective of agent network diffusion.
为了应对人们对环境治理和领导力流动性的日益关注,本研究探讨了领导力流动性与环境治理绩效之间的相互作用。从网络的角度来看,本研究旨在确定领导层流动网络是否影响环境治理结果。我们认为,领导层转移网络会影响地方水治理绩效,当领导层在制度环境相似的城市之间流动时,这一点尤为明显。我们收集了2011年至2015年中国泛长三角地区41个城市的管理人员职业数据和水治理绩效。在方法上,我们采用时空自回归模型来检验假设,并证实领导权转移网络对整个地区水治理绩效同质性的影响。从理论上讲,本研究从代理人网络扩散的角度,通过提供补充机制,提出了区域水治理中的制度集体行动框架。
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引用次数: 0
Post-Disaster Recovery Challenges of Public Housing Residents: Lumberton, North Carolina After Hurricane Matthew 公共住房居民灾后恢复面临的挑战:飓风马修过后的北卡罗来纳州蓝伯顿
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 URBAN STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/10780874231167570
Sayma Khajehei, Sara Hamideh
The floods caused by Hurricane Matthew in 2016 affected Lumberton, a socioeconomically diverse city in North Carolina with 729 public housing units. Public housing residents face unique challenges in accessing resources and post-disaster temporary accommodations, further delaying their recovery compared to other survivors. This paper investigates the obstacles to public housing recovery and the residents’ recovery challenges using descriptive statistics, mapping, and qualitative analysis in Lumberton. Findings show the dependency of public housing units’ recovery on assistance policies and decisions of various organizations, including local housing authorities. Multiple changes in recovery plans and limited, uncertain, delayed funding and bureaucratic obstacles to funding allocation slow the units’ recovery and prolong the residents’ displacement, adversely affecting their recovery. Hence, pre-disaster resilience initiatives should address these vulnerabilities and the recovery policy's limitations to support public housing units and residents’ recovery. Moreover, affordable housing recovery must become a priority in national housing recovery policies.
2016年飓风马修引发的洪水影响了蓝伯顿,这是北卡罗来纳州一个社会经济多元化的城市,拥有729套公共住房。公共住房居民在获得资源和灾后临时住所方面面临着独特的挑战,与其他幸存者相比,这进一步推迟了他们的恢复。本文采用描述性统计、制图和定性分析的方法,调查了蓝伯顿公共住房恢复的障碍和居民恢复的挑战。调查结果显示,公共住房单元的恢复依赖于包括地方住房当局在内的各种组织的援助政策和决定。恢复计划的多次变化以及有限、不确定、延迟的资金和资金分配的官僚障碍减缓了单位的恢复,延长了居民的流离失所时间,对他们的恢复产生了不利影响。因此,灾前复原举措应解决这些脆弱性和恢复政策的局限性,以支持公共住房单元和居民的恢复。此外,经济适用房的恢复必须成为国家住房恢复政策的优先事项。
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引用次数: 2
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Urban Affairs Review
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