Language in Society最新文献

英文中文

The Use of Methylphenidate During Inpatient Rehabilitation After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Population Characteristics and Prescribing Patterns. 小儿创伤性脑损伤后住院康复期间哌醋甲酯的使用：人群特征和处方模式。

IF 2.4 2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-14 DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000889

Eric Caliendo, Ryan Lowder, Matthew J McLaughlin, William D Watson, Katherine T Baum, Laura S Blackwell, Christine H Koterba, Kristen R Hoskinson, Sarah J Tlustos, Sudhin A Shah, Stacy J Suskauer, Brad G Kurowski

Objective: To understand how methylphenidate (MPH) is used in youth with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during inpatient pediatric rehabilitation.

Setting: Inpatient pediatric rehabilitation.

Participants: In total, 234 children with TBI; 62 of whom received MPH and 172 who did not. Patients were on average 11.6 years of age (range, 2 months to 21 years); 88 of 234 were female; the most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collision (49%); median (IQR) acute hospital length of stay (LOS) and inpatient rehabilitation LOS were 16 (10-29) and 23 (14-39), respectively; 51 of 234 were in a disorder of consciousness cognitive state at time of inpatient rehabilitation admission.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective medical record review.

Main measures: Patient demographic data, time to inpatient pediatric rehabilitation admission (TTA), cognitive state, MPH dosing (mg/kg/day).

Results: Patients who received MPH were older (P = .011); TTA was significantly longer in patients who received MPH than those who did not (P =.002). The lowest recorded dose range by weight was 0.05 to 0.89 mg/kg/d, representing an 18-fold difference; the weight-based range for the maximum dose was 0.11 to 0.97 mg/kg/d, a 9-fold difference. Patients in lower cognitive states at admission (P = .001) and at discharge (P = .030) were more likely to receive MPH. Five patients had side effects known to be associated with MPH; no serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusion: This multicenter study indicates that there is variable use of MPH during acute inpatient rehabilitation for children with TBI. Children who receive MPH tend to be older with lower cognitive states. Dosing practices are likely consistent with underdosing. Clinical indications for MPH use during inpatient pediatric rehabilitation should be better defined. The use of MPH, as well as its combination with other medications and treatments, during inpatient rehabilitation needs to be further explored.

目的：了解哌醋甲酯（MPH）在儿童创伤性脑损伤（TBI）住院康复期间的使用情况：了解哌醋甲酯（MPH）在儿科住院康复期间如何用于脑外伤（TBI）青少年：环境：住院儿科康复治疗：共有 234 名 TBI 患儿，其中 62 名接受了 MPH 治疗，172 名未接受治疗。患者平均年龄为11.6岁（2个月至21岁）；234人中有88名女性；最常见的受伤机制是机动车碰撞（49%）；急性住院时间（LOS）和住院康复时间（LOS）的中位数（IQR）分别为16（10-29）和23（14-39）；234人中有51人在住院康复入院时处于意识认知障碍状态：设计：多中心、回顾性病历审查：主要测量指标：患者人口统计学数据、住院儿童康复入院时间（TTA）、认知状态、MPH剂量（毫克/千克/天）：结果：接受MPH治疗的患者年龄较大（P = .011）；接受MPH治疗的患者的TTA时间明显长于未接受MPH治疗的患者（P = .002）。按体重计算的最低剂量范围为 0.05 至 0.89 mg/kg/d，相差 18 倍；按体重计算的最大剂量范围为 0.11 至 0.97 mg/kg/d，相差 9 倍。入院时（P = .001）和出院时（P = .030）认知状态较差的患者更有可能接受 MPH 治疗。有五名患者出现了已知与MPH相关的副作用；没有严重不良事件的报告：这项多中心研究表明，在儿童创伤性脑损伤急性住院康复期间，MPH的使用情况不尽相同。接受 MPH 治疗的儿童往往年龄较大，认知能力较低。用药剂量可能不足。儿科住院康复期间使用 MPH 的临床适应症应得到更好的界定。在住院康复期间使用 MPH 及其与其他药物和治疗方法的结合还需要进一步探讨。

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引用次数: 0

Plays with words: Fungible(ly) fugitive Black sound in ethnographies of communication 文字游戏:交流人种学中可替代的(非)逃亡的黑人声音

2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1017/s0047404523000908

Justin Lance Pannell

Anti-Black language ideologies manifest in exclusionary language policies (e.g. Sung & Allen-Handy 2019), educational tracking (e.g. Sung 2018), and scholarly claims of Black ‘deficiency’ (Smitherman 2000). A liberal educational research tradition has countered with ethnographic accounts of cultural ‘mismatch’ (Michaels 2006) vis-à-vis Black educational ‘failure’. Conducting a textual analysis of an archive of ethnography of communication texts, I locate multiple genealogical linkages holding between ‘mismatch’ and deprivation discourses, principally ones centered on representations of ‘pathological’ Black ‘matriarchy’. Paralleling Black feminist theorizations of ‘fungible Black flesh’ (e.g. Hartman 1997), I account for these representations by conceptualizing ‘fungible Black sound’. I further argue that ‘fungible fugitivity’ (e.g. Snorton 2017), that is, how Blackness fluidly responds to white incursion is linguistically realized in acts of ‘signifyin(g)’ (e.g. Mitchell-Kernan 1999), yielding the analytic category ‘fungible(ly) fugitive Black sound’. Lastly, I reread an ethnographic text with this analytic to illustrate its affordance for (re)imagining Black futurity. (Black sound, fungibility, fugitivity, raciolinguistic ideologies, ethnography of communication, Black studies)*

反黑人的语言意识形态表现在排斥性的语言政策中(如宋&安;Allen-Handy 2019)，教育跟踪(例如Sung 2018)，以及黑人“缺陷”的学术主张(Smitherman 2000)。自由主义教育研究传统与民族志对文化“不匹配”(Michaels 2006)与-à-vis黑人教育“失败”的描述相抗衡。通过对交流文本的民族志档案进行文本分析，我找到了“不匹配”和剥夺话语之间的多种谱系联系，主要集中在“病态”黑人“母系”的表现上。与黑人女权主义者关于“可替代的黑人肉体”的理论(例如Hartman 1997)相比较，我通过概念化“可替代的黑人声音”来解释这些表征。我进一步认为，“可替代的逃亡性”(例如Snorton 2017)，即黑人如何流畅地回应白人入侵，在语言上是通过“意义(g)”行为实现的(例如Mitchell-Kernan 1999)，从而产生了“可替代(ly)逃亡的黑人声音”的分析范畴。最后，我重读了一篇民族志文本，用这种分析来说明它对(重新)想象黑人未来的启示。(黑人声音，可替代性，逃亡性，种族语言意识形态，传播民族志，黑人研究)*

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引用次数: 0

Sumud pedagogy as linguistic citizenship: Palestinian youth in Israel against imposed subjectivities 作为语言公民的苏穆德教学法:反对强加的主体性的以色列巴勒斯坦青年

2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1017/s0047404523000891

Muzna Awayed-Bishara

Abstract This linguistic ethnographic study offers a nuanced pedagogical account of the Arabic term sumud, or ‘steadfastness’, through a sociolinguistic analysis of decolonial modes of expression among Palestinian youth in Israel. I reflect on events during the 2021 uprisings in East Jerusalem, when Palestinian youth within Israel took to the streets in solidarity with Palestinians in Jerusalem and Gaza. Considering the Israeli education system's denationalization of the Palestinian community within its borders, I examine how Palestinian political ideals cultivated outside the formal educational system open new possibilities for political organizing and expression. I reflect upon interviews with members of the Haifa Youth Movement and a Palestinian hip-hop artist and his lyrics. Engaging with Stroud's theorization of linguistic citizenship, I show how pedagogy of sumud as a linguistic citizenship practice opens new semiotic spaces for Palestinian youth in Israel to resist the erasure of their identity. (Linguistic citizenship, sumud pedagogy, Palestinian youth, colonized education)*

这项语言民族志研究通过对以色列巴勒斯坦青年的非殖民化表达方式的社会语言学分析，提供了阿拉伯语术语sumud或“坚定”的细致入微的教学说明。我回顾了2021年东耶路撒冷起义期间发生的事件，当时以色列境内的巴勒斯坦青年走上街头，声援耶路撒冷和加沙的巴勒斯坦人。考虑到以色列教育系统对其边界内巴勒斯坦社区的非国家化，我研究了在正规教育系统之外培养的巴勒斯坦政治理想如何为政治组织和表达开辟了新的可能性。我回想起对海法青年运动成员和一位巴勒斯坦嘻哈艺术家的采访和他的歌词。结合斯特劳德的语言公民理论，我展示了作为一种语言公民实践的sumud教学法如何为以色列的巴勒斯坦青年开辟了新的符号学空间，以抵抗他们身份的抹除。(语言公民、sumud教学法、巴勒斯坦青年、殖民教育)*

引用次数: 0

Evaluative reactions to minority languages and their varieties: Evidence from new speakers of West Frisian 对少数民族语言及其变体的评价反应:来自西弗里斯兰语新使用者的证据

2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1017/s0047404523000805

Ruth Kircher, Ethan Kutlu, Mirjam Vellinga

Abstract Little is known about the connection between individuals’ evaluative reactions to (i) minority languages as such, and (ii) specific varieties of these minority languages. This study investigates such evaluative reactions amongst new speakers of Frisian in the Netherlands (n = 264). A questionnaire was used to elicit participants’ attitudes towards the Frisian language and their evaluations of the specific variety of Frisian they were taught. The results reveal a significant correlation between participants’ status-related attitudes towards Frisian and their anonymity-related evaluations of the variety they were taught—as well as between participants’ solidarity-related attitudes towards Frisian and their authenticity-related evaluations of the variety they were taught. The former are close to neutral; the latter are mildly positive. The article discusses how these results not only advance our general understanding of language in society, but also facilitate the development of more comprehensive science communication to inform revitalisation strategies in minority contexts. (Language attitudes, language ideologies, minority languages, language planning, language revitalisation, language transmission, new speakers)*

对于个体对(1)少数民族语言本身的评价反应和(2)这些少数民族语言的特定变体之间的联系，我们知之甚少。这项研究调查了荷兰弗里斯兰语新使用者的这种评价反应(n = 264)。使用一份调查表来询问参与者对弗里斯兰语的态度以及他们对所教的弗里斯兰语的具体种类的评价。结果显示，参与者对弗里斯兰语的地位相关态度与他们对所教语言种类的匿名性相关评价之间存在显著的相关性，参与者对弗里斯兰语的团结性相关态度与他们对所教语言种类的真实性相关评价之间也存在显著的相关性。前者接近中性;后者略显积极。本文讨论了这些结果如何不仅促进了我们对社会语言的一般理解，而且还促进了更全面的科学传播的发展，从而为少数民族背景下的振兴战略提供信息。(语言态度、语言意识形态、少数民族语言、语言规划、语言振兴、语言传播、新使用者)*

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引用次数: 0

HOLLYWOOD: The political economy and global citation of an emblematic language object 好莱坞:一个象征性语言对象的政治、经济和全球引用

2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0047404523000787

Sean P. Smith, Johan Järlehed, Adam Jaworski

Abstract The HOLLYWOOD sign is arguably the world's most famous language object. Emblematic of prestige and cultural capital, the sign can be found not just in Los Angeles, but in citations all over the world. Beginning with the history of its valorization, HOLLYWOOD is shown to emanate symbolic value through a set of enregistered semiotic features. Drawing upon a set of globally sourced citations of HOLLYWOOD , the circulation and stratified bundling of size, emplacement, alignment, typeface, and color indicates how the citation of language objects is mediated by political economy. A process of diffuse citation is further observed, in which the quotation of language features is not overt, but the source of emanation is still tangible, revealing HOLLYWOOD as the source of a global linguistic-semiotic register. As this register circulates in citations overt and diffuse, language objects are revealed as key sites for the reproduction of commodity values. (The Hollywood sign, language object, citation, enregisterment, global emblems, recontexualization)*

好莱坞标志可以说是世界上最著名的语言对象。作为威望和文化资本的象征，这个标志不仅在洛杉矶，而且在世界各地都有引用。从其价值增值的历史开始，好莱坞通过一系列注册的符号学特征显示出象征价值。根据一组全球来源的好莱坞引用，大小、位置、对齐、字体和颜色的循环和分层捆绑表明语言对象的引用是如何被政治经济所调解的。进一步观察到一个漫射引用的过程，在这个过程中，语言特征的引用不明显，但发散源仍然是有形的，这表明好莱坞是一个全球语言符号学域的来源。随着这一寄存器在公开和扩散的引用中循环，语言对象被揭示为商品价值再生产的关键场所。(好莱坞标志，语言对象，引用，注册，全球标志，再语境化)*

引用次数: 0

The code of the streets in Beijing: Style-shifting and changing personae in the performance of Beijing male rappers 北京街头的代码:北京男rapper表演中的风格转换和人物变化

2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1017/s0047404523000799

Tianxiao Wang

Abstract This study explores the link between stylized forms of language and the construction of social identities in performance in the Beijing hip hop community. It focuses on the indexical process by which rappers rely on existing characterological figures and local linguistic variables in Beijing Mandarin (i.e. rhotacized syllable finals, lenited retroflexes, interdentalized dental sibilants, and fronted palatals) to construct hip hop affiliated identities. A variationist analysis provides evidence of style-shifting between two generations of Beijing male rappers, who employ these socially salient linguistic features to different degrees, but always in a semiotically coherent package, in their performance. The analysis further demonstrates how the rappers maintain street credibility through a cultural alignment between hip hop and local social types. By examining the indexicality of these variables, the study highlights the interplay of hip hop ideology, local linguistic features, and local social types in stylistic practices and personae construction. (Hip hop, indexicality, iconicity, performance, Mandarin Chinese)*

摘要本研究探讨北京嘻哈社区表演中语言的风格化形式与社会身份建构之间的联系。研究重点是说唱歌手依赖于现有的特征形象和北京普通话的本地语言变量(即:元音韵母、弱后音、齿间音和前腭音)来构建嘻哈相关身份的索引过程。一种变异分析提供了两代北京男性说唱歌手风格转变的证据，他们在不同程度上使用了这些社会突出的语言特征，但在他们的表演中，总是在一个符号学上连贯的包装中。分析进一步展示了说唱歌手如何通过嘻哈和当地社会类型之间的文化一致性来保持街头信誉。通过考察这些变量的索引性，本研究突出了嘻哈意识形态、当地语言特征和当地社会类型在风格实践和人物建构中的相互作用。(嘻哈，索引性，象似性，表演，普通话)*

引用次数: 1

Lauren Hall-Lew, Emma Moore, & Robert J. Podesva (eds.), Social meaning and linguistic variation: Theorizing the third wave. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. 406. Hb. £95. Lauren Hall-Lew, Emma Moore, & Robert J. Podesva (eds.), Social meaning and linguistic variation：Theorizing the third wave.Cambridge：剑桥大学出版社，2021 年。Pp.406.Hb.£95.

2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1017/s0047404523000696

Roy Alderton

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引用次数: 0

Investment and the inaudible mother tongue: Carving out a space for Kurdish in the soundscape of an Istanbul kebab restaurant 投资和听不见的母语:在伊斯坦布尔一家烤肉店的音景中为库尔德人开辟一片空间

IF 1.5 2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1017/s0047404523000611

A. Schluter

Firmly grounded in local sociopolitical constraints, language policies at Istanbul's Kurdish-run eating establishments often place Kurdish employees’ cultural identity construction at odds with their workplaces’ economic viability. In the face of rigid structures that cement the dominance of Turkish, the Kurdish managers highlighted in a previous study exercise limited agency to enact language policies that align with their pro-Kurdish ideologies, rendering Kurdish largely invisible. This article revisits these themes by examining a nearby Kurdish-run restaurant with a language policy that violates this norm. Applying Darvin & Norton's (2015) model of investment, analyses of observations and interviews consider identity, ideology, and economic capital vis-à-vis employees’ perceived valuation of Kurdish as a workplace language. Results suggest that capital ownership emboldens the audible articulation of Kurdish identities, which emerge from pluricentrically oriented ideologies, fostering resistance to local language policy norms. (Investment, language policy, capital, Kurdish, ideology, pluricentricity)

由于当地的社会政治限制，伊斯坦布尔库尔德人经营的餐饮场所的语言政策往往使库尔德员工的文化认同建设与他们工作场所的经济可行性相矛盾。面对巩固土耳其语主导地位的僵化结构，库尔德人的管理者在之前的一项研究中强调，在制定与他们的亲库尔德意识形态一致的语言政策方面，他们行使的权力有限，这使得库尔德人基本上是隐形的。本文通过考察附近一家库尔德人经营的餐馆，重新审视了这些主题，这家餐馆的语言政策违反了这一规范。运用Darvin & Norton的(2015)投资模型，观察和访谈分析考虑身份、意识形态和经济资本对-à-vis员工对库尔德语作为工作场所语言的感知价值。结果表明，资本所有权鼓励了库尔德人身份的发声，这种身份来自于多中心导向的意识形态，助长了对当地语言政策规范的抵制。(投资、语言政策、资本、库尔德人、意识形态、多中心主义)

引用次数: 0

Peter Siemund, Multilingual development: English in a global context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023. Pp. 300. Pb. £27. 彼得·西蒙德:《多语言发展:全球背景下的英语》。剑桥:剑桥大学出版社，2023。300页。Pb。£27。

IF 1.5 2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1017/s0047404523000556

Jasper Zhao Zhen Wu

引用次数: 0

Tong King Lee, Choreographies of multilingualism: Writing and language ideology in Singapore. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. Pp. 248. Hb. £25.99. 李，《多种语言的编排：新加坡的写作与语言意识形态》。纽约：牛津大学出版社，2022年。第248页。Hb。25.99英镑。

IF 1.5 2区文学 Q1 LINGUISTICS

Language in Society

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1017/s0047404523000519

Zi Wang

引用次数: 0

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