Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2021.2011171
Tanja W. M. Doodeman, C. Schuengel, P. Sterkenburg
ABSTRACT Background People with severe to profound intellectual disabilities have particular needs for others to help them regulate stress. Such support may be hampered by difficulties in detecting and interpreting expressions of stress. This study aimed to describe and identify stress-related behaviours and sensitive, stress-regulating responses to these behaviours. Method Video recordings of psychotherapeutic interactions between four clients with severe intellectual disabilities and behavioural problems and two attachment therapists were analysed using a stepwise spiral of analysis approach. Stress-related behaviours were identified with a behaviour rating scale for arousal and valence. Results Distinct stress-related behaviours were subdivided into stress-specific, non-stress-specific, and client-specific behaviours. Additionally, examples of responsive behaviours to clients’ expressions of varying arousal and valence were found. Conclusions A wide variety of expressions indicative of different levels of arousal were found, with few expressions specific for stress. The descriptions of responsive behaviours might support parents and caregivers in external stress regulation.
{"title":"Expressions of stress of people with severe intellectual disabilities and sensitive caregiving to regulate stress: A qualitative study","authors":"Tanja W. M. Doodeman, C. Schuengel, P. Sterkenburg","doi":"10.3109/13668250.2021.2011171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2021.2011171","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background People with severe to profound intellectual disabilities have particular needs for others to help them regulate stress. Such support may be hampered by difficulties in detecting and interpreting expressions of stress. This study aimed to describe and identify stress-related behaviours and sensitive, stress-regulating responses to these behaviours. Method Video recordings of psychotherapeutic interactions between four clients with severe intellectual disabilities and behavioural problems and two attachment therapists were analysed using a stepwise spiral of analysis approach. Stress-related behaviours were identified with a behaviour rating scale for arousal and valence. Results Distinct stress-related behaviours were subdivided into stress-specific, non-stress-specific, and client-specific behaviours. Additionally, examples of responsive behaviours to clients’ expressions of varying arousal and valence were found. Conclusions A wide variety of expressions indicative of different levels of arousal were found, with few expressions specific for stress. The descriptions of responsive behaviours might support parents and caregivers in external stress regulation.","PeriodicalId":51466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2021.2021716
R. Hussain
{"title":"Living with the pandemic – Can we think and act differently?","authors":"R. Hussain","doi":"10.3109/13668250.2021.2021716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2021.2021716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49017553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2021.1995930
A. Kildahl, Ingvild Jørstad
ABSTRACT Background Autistic adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) seem to be particularly vulnerable to potentially traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, this population may be at risk for a different set of traumatic experiences than the general population. However, knowledge is sparse concerning PTSD symptom manifestations in individuals with severe ID. Method Exploration of PTSD symptom trajectories and manifestations in an adult, autistic man with severe ID. Results Altered arousal/reactivity and problematic avoidance were the most easily observable symptoms. Avoidance seemed to become more generalised over time, and the impact of PTSD on behaviour, level of functioning, and quality of life was severe. Conclusions Negligence and coercion in services for autistic adults with ID may involve a traumatic potential for these individuals. Increased awareness of this risk is needed in service providers and mental health professionals.
{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom manifestations in an autistic man with severe intellectual disability following coercion and scalding","authors":"A. Kildahl, Ingvild Jørstad","doi":"10.3109/13668250.2021.1995930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2021.1995930","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Autistic adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) seem to be particularly vulnerable to potentially traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Furthermore, this population may be at risk for a different set of traumatic experiences than the general population. However, knowledge is sparse concerning PTSD symptom manifestations in individuals with severe ID. Method Exploration of PTSD symptom trajectories and manifestations in an adult, autistic man with severe ID. Results Altered arousal/reactivity and problematic avoidance were the most easily observable symptoms. Avoidance seemed to become more generalised over time, and the impact of PTSD on behaviour, level of functioning, and quality of life was severe. Conclusions Negligence and coercion in services for autistic adults with ID may involve a traumatic potential for these individuals. Increased awareness of this risk is needed in service providers and mental health professionals.","PeriodicalId":51466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44437216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-22DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2021.1985333
Hyun Seung Kim, C. Lee, K. Kim
ABSTRACT Background Despite the increasing longevity of people with intellectual disability, community care systems are ill prepared to support the choices of people with intellectual disabilities for ageing well. This study aims to understand ageing experiences among middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities and their family carers with a focus on their perspectives of ageing well. Method Interviews were conducted with 10 middle-aged people with intellectual disabilities and 12 family carers; the interview data were thematically analysed. Results The participants highlighted the key elements of ageing well such as importance of living in a familiar place, having a reliable carer, nurturing independence, staying fit and healthy, and actively engaging in social activities. Conclusions The findings suggest that middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities can best age well through future planning, along with support services tailored to respond to their changing needs as they age.
{"title":"The key elements of ageing well: Perspectives of middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities and family carers in South Korea","authors":"Hyun Seung Kim, C. Lee, K. Kim","doi":"10.3109/13668250.2021.1985333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2021.1985333","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Despite the increasing longevity of people with intellectual disability, community care systems are ill prepared to support the choices of people with intellectual disabilities for ageing well. This study aims to understand ageing experiences among middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities and their family carers with a focus on their perspectives of ageing well. Method Interviews were conducted with 10 middle-aged people with intellectual disabilities and 12 family carers; the interview data were thematically analysed. Results The participants highlighted the key elements of ageing well such as importance of living in a familiar place, having a reliable carer, nurturing independence, staying fit and healthy, and actively engaging in social activities. Conclusions The findings suggest that middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities can best age well through future planning, along with support services tailored to respond to their changing needs as they age.","PeriodicalId":51466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2021.1984084
B. Hayward, L. McKay‐Brown, S. Poed, K. Mcvilly
ABSTRACT Background Little is known about networks for positive behaviour support (PBS) in disability services. This study explores a PBS network to identify influential persons in its promotion and communication. Methods Quantitative sociometric methods were used to identify persons who occupy positions of either boundary spanning (those that link people and groups) and/or opinion leadership (those that are sought for advice). Results Nineteen persons were identified. Boundary spanners met all criteria for the position while opinion leaders did not. Conclusions This is the first published study of a PBS network in disability services and provides insights into persons involved in its systemic promotion. Boundary spanners are effectively bridging the PBS network, yet persons seeking information about PBS are doing so from opinion leaders that do not display a requisite characteristic for this role. These results have implications for the wider utility of PBS within disability service systems.
{"title":"Identifying important persons in the promotion of positive behaviour support (PBS) in disability services: A social network analysis","authors":"B. Hayward, L. McKay‐Brown, S. Poed, K. Mcvilly","doi":"10.3109/13668250.2021.1984084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2021.1984084","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Little is known about networks for positive behaviour support (PBS) in disability services. This study explores a PBS network to identify influential persons in its promotion and communication. Methods Quantitative sociometric methods were used to identify persons who occupy positions of either boundary spanning (those that link people and groups) and/or opinion leadership (those that are sought for advice). Results Nineteen persons were identified. Boundary spanners met all criteria for the position while opinion leaders did not. Conclusions This is the first published study of a PBS network in disability services and provides insights into persons involved in its systemic promotion. Boundary spanners are effectively bridging the PBS network, yet persons seeking information about PBS are doing so from opinion leaders that do not display a requisite characteristic for this role. These results have implications for the wider utility of PBS within disability service systems.","PeriodicalId":51466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42508557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2021.1984083
Amanda Nyberg, Ulrika Ferm, J. Bornman
ABSTRACT Background Children with intellectual disabilities are at risk of becoming victims of abuse. However, persons working with this population often lack knowledge on how to interpret signs of abuse. The purpose of this study was to identify and socially validate signs of abuse in children with disabilities. Method The study employed a mixed-method sequential design. The first phase consisted of a rapid review of publications that described signs of abuse in children with disabilities (n = 23). The second phase included social validation using an online survey. The participants were professionals working with disability and/or child abuse (n = 39). Results A significant difference between the 10 highest rated signs of abuse compared to the 10 lowest rated signs was found. Group comparisons between participants showed significant differences in the ratings of eight signs. Conclusions The results from the study can provide guidance to the accuracy of signs of abuse in children with disabilities.
{"title":"Signs of abuse in children with disabilities: A rapid review with expert panel social validation","authors":"Amanda Nyberg, Ulrika Ferm, J. Bornman","doi":"10.3109/13668250.2021.1984083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2021.1984083","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background Children with intellectual disabilities are at risk of becoming victims of abuse. However, persons working with this population often lack knowledge on how to interpret signs of abuse. The purpose of this study was to identify and socially validate signs of abuse in children with disabilities. Method The study employed a mixed-method sequential design. The first phase consisted of a rapid review of publications that described signs of abuse in children with disabilities (n = 23). The second phase included social validation using an online survey. The participants were professionals working with disability and/or child abuse (n = 39). Results A significant difference between the 10 highest rated signs of abuse compared to the 10 lowest rated signs was found. Group comparisons between participants showed significant differences in the ratings of eight signs. Conclusions The results from the study can provide guidance to the accuracy of signs of abuse in children with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":51466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46951163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-24DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2021.1978956
Anke de Klerk, Marije Keulen-de Vos, J. Lobbestael
ABSTRACT Background In forensic settings, patients with intellectual disabilities are overrepresented. A relative novel treatment approach for this population is schema therapy. The goals of schema therapy for offenders with intellectual disabilities are to reduce maladaptive emotional states and to reinforce healthy emotional states and enhancing the patient's ability to ask for help. No studies are examining the effectiveness of this approach. Method We examined the effectiveness of Schema Therapy for offenders with intellectual disabilities (ST-ID) in terms of emotional states, psychological complaints, and violence risk in six participants. Results Reliable change analyses showed significant improvements in emotional states and certain psychological complaints. Conclusions While many questions remain about the effectiveness of ST-ID, our study shows that offenders with ID can benefit from this psychological treatment.
{"title":"The effectiveness of schema therapy in offenders with intellectual disabilities: a case series design","authors":"Anke de Klerk, Marije Keulen-de Vos, J. Lobbestael","doi":"10.3109/13668250.2021.1978956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2021.1978956","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background In forensic settings, patients with intellectual disabilities are overrepresented. A relative novel treatment approach for this population is schema therapy. The goals of schema therapy for offenders with intellectual disabilities are to reduce maladaptive emotional states and to reinforce healthy emotional states and enhancing the patient's ability to ask for help. No studies are examining the effectiveness of this approach. Method We examined the effectiveness of Schema Therapy for offenders with intellectual disabilities (ST-ID) in terms of emotional states, psychological complaints, and violence risk in six participants. Results Reliable change analyses showed significant improvements in emotional states and certain psychological complaints. Conclusions While many questions remain about the effectiveness of ST-ID, our study shows that offenders with ID can benefit from this psychological treatment.","PeriodicalId":51466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44084248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-28DOI: 10.3109/13668250.2021.1967588
P. Langdon, M. Marczak, C. Clifford, P. Willner
ABSTRACT Objectives To characterise the changes at work experienced by psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities during the pandemic and whether these changes, stressors and aspects of working life were associated with mental wellbeing and occupational stress. Methods Ninety-seven psychologists completed an online survey. Free text comments were analysed using thematic analysis and triangulated with our quantitative findings. Results Occupational stress, learning new roles, demands at home, and changes due to COVID-19 were associated with poorer mental wellbeing, while uncertainty about the role, a shortage of personal protective equipment, and poorer mental wellbeing were associated with occupational stress. Two main themes emerged during the thematic analysis: being human and being an employee, and triangulation revealed agreement. Conclusions The wellbeing and occupational stress of psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities have been affected during the pandemic. It is of note that almost a quarter of our sample reported having been redeployed.
{"title":"Occupational stress, coping and wellbeing among registered psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom","authors":"P. Langdon, M. Marczak, C. Clifford, P. Willner","doi":"10.3109/13668250.2021.1967588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2021.1967588","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives To characterise the changes at work experienced by psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities during the pandemic and whether these changes, stressors and aspects of working life were associated with mental wellbeing and occupational stress. Methods Ninety-seven psychologists completed an online survey. Free text comments were analysed using thematic analysis and triangulated with our quantitative findings. Results Occupational stress, learning new roles, demands at home, and changes due to COVID-19 were associated with poorer mental wellbeing, while uncertainty about the role, a shortage of personal protective equipment, and poorer mental wellbeing were associated with occupational stress. Two main themes emerged during the thematic analysis: being human and being an employee, and triangulation revealed agreement. Conclusions The wellbeing and occupational stress of psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities have been affected during the pandemic. It is of note that almost a quarter of our sample reported having been redeployed.","PeriodicalId":51466,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45571158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：