Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102022
Patricia Menéndez , Maria Jesús Bárcena , María Cristina González , Fernando Tusell
We analyze property prices, including both sales and rents, in relation to climate change-associated flood risk arising from sea level rise and river overflow. Our body of evidence consists of sale and rent offered prices in the Basque Country from 2007 to 2017, totaling over 329,000 observations. Our quantitative methods depart from those in other studies by using the ratio of sale to rent prices, deemed more likely to reflect the effects we are investigating. We use geographically weighted regression (GWR) with neighborhoods tailored to risk areas. Our findings provide some evidence of risk capitalization, although limited to areas of higher risk.
{"title":"The effect of flood risk on house prices in the Basque Country","authors":"Patricia Menéndez , Maria Jesús Bárcena , María Cristina González , Fernando Tusell","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyze property prices, including both sales and rents, in relation to climate change-associated flood risk arising from sea level rise and river overflow. Our body of evidence consists of sale and rent offered prices in the Basque Country from 2007 to 2017, totaling over 329,000 observations. Our quantitative methods depart from those in other studies by using the ratio of sale to rent prices, deemed more likely to reflect the effects we are investigating. We use geographically weighted regression (GWR) with neighborhoods tailored to risk areas. Our findings provide some evidence of risk capitalization, although limited to areas of higher risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102029
Jianglong Li, Shiqiang Sun
Economists often reply on housing market to investigate the willingness to pay for clean air, while potential endogeneity concerns pose challenges. This paper proposes an identification strategy based on the Gobi Desert dust storm, providing suitable instrumental variable for hedonic models at the house-day level in East Asia. We exploit within-Beijing and over-time variation in air pollution caused by dust storm and find that after addressing endogeneity issues, the negative impact of air pollution on housing prices strengthened nearly fivefold. Buyers in Beijing are willing to pay an additional 7.9 % in housing prices for a decrease of PM10 by 100 μg/m³, indicating that the benefits of air pollution improvement in Beijing over the past decade are >1.5 trillion yuan in the housing market. This paper also reveals that an increase in air pollution leads sellers to exhibit a higher willingness to sell, reflecting in lower listing prices, heightened bargaining power for buyers, and a shorter transaction cycle.
{"title":"Gobi wind blows housing price away: Willingness to pay for clean air in China","authors":"Jianglong Li, Shiqiang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Economists often reply on housing market to investigate the willingness to pay for clean air, while potential endogeneity concerns pose challenges. This paper proposes an identification strategy based on the Gobi Desert dust storm, providing suitable instrumental variable for hedonic models at the house-day level in East Asia. We exploit within-Beijing and over-time variation in air pollution caused by dust storm and find that after addressing endogeneity issues, the negative impact of air pollution on housing prices strengthened nearly fivefold. Buyers in Beijing are willing to pay an additional 7.9 % in housing prices for a decrease of PM<sub>10</sub> by 100 μg/m³, indicating that the benefits of air pollution improvement in Beijing over the past decade are >1.5 trillion yuan in the housing market. This paper also reveals that an increase in air pollution leads sellers to exhibit a higher willingness to sell, reflecting in lower listing prices, heightened bargaining power for buyers, and a shorter transaction cycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102027
Alexandros Skouralis, Nicole Lux, Mark Andrew
One in six properties in England is exposed to flood risk and around half of those affected properties can be characterised as high risk. In this paper we examine whether the probability of flooding is capitalised in England's property market prices. We use unique property-level data from Rightmove, UK's no.1 property website and the property-level by Twinn, Royal HaskoningDHV. The latter is a metric of objective flood risk based on the likelihood of an individual property being flooded due to rainfall, overflowing rivers and tidal surges and is commonly used by UK lenders. By comparing the unconditional averages of our data, we find that properties at risk are sold at an 8.14 % discount compared to non-exposed properties, and the price discount increases to 32.2 % for properties with very high flood risk. By 2080 the flood events are expected to become more frequent and the average flood risk is projected to increase by 8 %. Our empirical model suggests that one percentage point increase in properties' flood risk is associated with a decline of 0.07 % to 0.11 % in both sold and asking property prices. The impact is higher for properties of which flood risk is expected to increase or for regions that have recently experienced a flood event.
{"title":"Does flood risk affect property prices? Evidence from a property-level flood score","authors":"Alexandros Skouralis, Nicole Lux, Mark Andrew","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One in six properties in England is exposed to flood risk and around half of those affected properties can be characterised as high risk. In this paper we examine whether the probability of flooding is capitalised in England's property market prices. We use unique property-level data from Rightmove, UK's no.1 property website and the property-level <span><math><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>M</mi><mspace></mspace></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>by Twinn, Royal HaskoningDHV. The latter is a metric of objective flood risk based on the likelihood of an individual property being flooded due to rainfall, overflowing rivers and tidal surges and is commonly used by UK lenders. By comparing the unconditional averages of our data, we find that properties at risk are sold at an 8.14 % discount compared to non-exposed properties, and the price discount increases to 32.2 % for properties with very high flood risk. By 2080 the flood events are expected to become more frequent and the average flood risk is projected to increase by 8 %. Our empirical model suggests that one percentage point increase in properties' flood risk is associated with a decline of 0.07 % to 0.11 % in both sold and asking property prices. The impact is higher for properties of which flood risk is expected to increase or for regions that have recently experienced a flood event.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102023
Hannah Hennighausen , Alexander James
Millions of people are displaced by natural disasters each year, yet little is known about how evacuees affect host communities. We analyze the migratory effects of the most destructive fire in California history, the 2018 Camp Fire, which destroyed over 18,000 structures and displaced roughly 50,000 people. By merging geospatial information on the fire’s footprint with Zillow’s housing transaction data, we estimate both the spatial and temporal effects of the fire on real estate prices at a granular level. A number of important insights emerge. First, within 25 miles of the fire’s footprint, home prices increased by 13 percent in the six-week aftermath of the fire. Effects decay with distance and are statistically insignificant beyond 100 miles. Second, effects are detected within two weeks of the fire, fully materialize within four weeks, and are persistent up to ten months (which exhausts our period of consideration). Results are consistent with the relocation decisions of evacuees and are robust to a variety of specifications and modeling assumptions.
{"title":"Catastrophic fires, human displacement, and real estate prices in California","authors":"Hannah Hennighausen , Alexander James","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Millions of people are displaced by natural disasters each year, yet little is known about how evacuees affect host communities. We analyze the migratory effects of the most destructive fire in California history, the 2018 Camp Fire, which destroyed over 18,000 structures and displaced roughly 50,000 people. By merging geospatial information on the fire’s footprint with Zillow’s housing transaction data, we estimate both the spatial and temporal effects of the fire on real estate prices at a granular level. A number of important insights emerge. First, within 25 miles of the fire’s footprint, home prices increased by 13 percent in the six-week aftermath of the fire. Effects decay with distance and are statistically insignificant beyond 100 miles. Second, effects are detected within two weeks of the fire, fully materialize within four weeks, and are persistent up to ten months (which exhausts our period of consideration). Results are consistent with the relocation decisions of evacuees and are robust to a variety of specifications and modeling assumptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102023"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102026
Philipp Breidenbach , Patrick Thiel
To evaluate the causal impact of noise exposure on housing prices, we exploit a sudden and massive reduction in flight traffic that occurred with the onset of the COVID-19 measures in Germany. Comparing locations differently exposed to pre- pandemic noise with a difference-in-difference approach, we detect a 2.4% increase in prices for apartments that experienced a noise reduction. Disentangling temporal dynamics, we find a peak effect in mid-2021 (up to 6%), with the effect persisting until 2023, albeit at a lower magnitude. In contrast to most evaluations show- ing that the erection of a disamenity affects prices negatively, we show that lifting the burden enables neighborhoods to catch up again immediately. The immediate catch-up contradicts a stickiness of housing prices regarding (temporal) local fac- tors. The temporal pattern shows a clear peak of the effects during the pandemic, which potentially hints at information asymmetries since buyers may not know the non-pandemic noise level during the pandemic.
{"title":"Housing prices, airport noise and an unforeseeable event of silence","authors":"Philipp Breidenbach , Patrick Thiel","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the causal impact of noise exposure on housing prices, we exploit a sudden and massive reduction in flight traffic that occurred with the onset of the COVID-19 measures in Germany. Comparing locations differently exposed to pre- pandemic noise with a difference-in-difference approach, we detect a 2.4% increase in prices for apartments that experienced a noise reduction. Disentangling temporal dynamics, we find a peak effect in mid-2021 (up to 6%), with the effect persisting until 2023, albeit at a lower magnitude. In contrast to most evaluations show- ing that the erection of a disamenity affects prices negatively, we show that lifting the burden enables neighborhoods to catch up again immediately. The immediate catch-up contradicts a stickiness of housing prices regarding (temporal) local fac- tors. The temporal pattern shows a clear peak of the effects during the pandemic, which potentially hints at information asymmetries since buyers may not know the non-pandemic noise level during the pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102024
Alexander Dentler , Enzo Rossi
How much is a resident willing to pay to avoid a crime in the neighborhood? House price changes following a crime do not fully reflect the willingness to pay to avoid crime. Besides prices the market’s liquidity needs to be taken into account in this context. We detect market freezes following shootings, assaults, robberies, and burglaries. We propose a model, supported by empirical evidence, that combines the price and quantity dimensions into a single measure: economic welfare. The willingness to pay depends on the type of crime and averages between 7% and 18% of house valuations. These predictions are manifolds of the effect on prices estimated in this paper (0%–10%) and documented in the literature. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering market liquidity when examining the impact of crime on the real estate market.
{"title":"Residents’ willingness to pay to avoid crime","authors":"Alexander Dentler , Enzo Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How much is a resident willing to pay to avoid a crime in the neighborhood? House price changes following a crime do not fully reflect the willingness to pay to avoid crime. Besides prices the market’s liquidity needs to be taken into account in this context. We detect market freezes following shootings, assaults, robberies, and burglaries. We propose a model, supported by empirical evidence, that combines the price and quantity dimensions into a single measure: economic welfare. The willingness to pay depends on the type of crime and averages between 7% and 18% of house valuations. These predictions are manifolds of the effect on prices estimated in this paper (0%–10%) and documented in the literature. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering market liquidity when examining the impact of crime on the real estate market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102025
Ernest N. Biktimirov, Tatyana Sokolyk, Anteneh Ayanso
This study uses a topic modeling approach to investigate the relation between news media sentiment and house price movements. By examining real estate related articles published in local newspapers of 16 major cities in Canada and Australia, we find that housing media sentiment has significant relation with future house price movements in the Canadian market but not in the Australian market. We identify the specific topics discussed in news media related to the housing market and report differences in their themes and media sentiment's predictive power between Canada and Australia. This analysis presents novel inferences of qualitative and hard-to-quantify information related to the housing market in two different countries.
{"title":"Unpacking the relation between media sentiment and house prices: A topic modeling approach","authors":"Ernest N. Biktimirov, Tatyana Sokolyk, Anteneh Ayanso","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses a topic modeling approach to investigate the relation between news media sentiment and house price movements. By examining real estate related articles published in local newspapers of 16 major cities in Canada and Australia, we find that housing media sentiment has significant relation with future house price movements in the Canadian market but not in the Australian market. We identify the specific topics discussed in news media related to the housing market and report differences in their themes and media sentiment's predictive power between Canada and Australia. This analysis presents novel inferences of qualitative and hard-to-quantify information related to the housing market in two different countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102012
Michael D. Eriksen , Anthony W. Orlando
We decompose the break-even rents of new multifamily housing into three cost components — land prices, construction costs, and financial capital — for 50 of the largest cities in the United States from 2012 to 2020. This is accomplished by combining existing data on land prices and income capitalization rates with a new data series on local historical pricing of required construction components of complete buildings called “assemblies”. For both 3-story, wood-framed buildings and 12-story, steel-framed buildings, we find that construction costs contribute significantly to the growth of break-even rents, and the relative contribution of construction costs exceeds that of land values for the taller buildings. Meanwhile, cap rates have declined, mediating the effect of development costs on the rents borne by tenants. Overall, there is significant variation in rent growth across cities that can be explained by these three cost factors.
{"title":"A cost decomposition of break-even rents for new multifamily housing development","authors":"Michael D. Eriksen , Anthony W. Orlando","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We decompose the break-even rents of new multifamily housing into three cost components — land prices, construction costs, and financial capital — for 50 of the largest cities in the United States from 2012 to 2020. This is accomplished by combining existing data on land prices and income capitalization rates with a new data series on local historical pricing of required construction components of complete buildings called “assemblies”. For both 3-story, wood-framed buildings and 12-story, steel-framed buildings, we find that construction costs contribute significantly to the growth of break-even rents, and the relative contribution of construction costs exceeds that of land values for the taller buildings. Meanwhile, cap rates have declined, mediating the effect of development costs on the rents borne by tenants. Overall, there is significant variation in rent growth across cities that can be explained by these three cost factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 102012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1051137724000317/pdfft?md5=b15e50ea4924b0f2fad5c6658c938f57&pid=1-s2.0-S1051137724000317-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102009
Dionissi Aliprantis , Hal Martin , Kristen Tauber
Housing Mobility Programs (HMPs) support residential mobility to reduce economic segregation. One design feature of HMPs requires identifying areas to which moving will most improve outcomes. We show that ranking neighborhoods’ effects using current residents’ outcomes has strengths over using previous residents’ outcomes due to statistical uncertainty, bias from sorting over time, and lack of support. We simulate how the choice of neighborhood ranking and others affect an originally-intended outcome of HMPs: reducing racial segregation. HMP success on this dimension depends on the ability to port vouchers across jurisdictions, access to cars, and the range of neighborhoods targeted.
{"title":"What determines the success of housing mobility programs?","authors":"Dionissi Aliprantis , Hal Martin , Kristen Tauber","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Housing Mobility Programs (HMPs) support residential mobility to reduce economic segregation. One design feature of HMPs requires identifying areas to which moving will most improve outcomes. We show that ranking neighborhoods’ effects using current residents’ outcomes has strengths over using previous residents’ outcomes due to statistical uncertainty, bias from sorting over time, and lack of support. We simulate how the choice of neighborhood ranking and others affect an originally-intended outcome of HMPs: reducing racial segregation. HMP success on this dimension depends on the ability to port vouchers across jurisdictions, access to cars, and the range of neighborhoods targeted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102009"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102011
Liyi Liu, Douglas McManus
This paper shows that skills acquired by early adulthood affect homeownership levels achieved later in life in important ways. The paper examines three sets of skills—cognitive skills, as measured by the Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) score; non-cognitive skills (specifically, the degree to which people believe that they have control over the outcome of events in their lives), measured by the Rotter score; and social skills, using a Social score based on Deming (2017). Mediation analysis is used to identify both the direct and indirect effects of these skills, as captured by the three different types of scores, on homeownership. We show that the AFQT score measuring cognitive skills not only captures direct effects on the homeownership rate, but even larger indirect effects through the mediator variables—education and income. AFQT scores in early adulthood are shown to be highly predictive of homeownership outcomes, explaining roughly one-quarter to one-third of the disparate outcomes between White, Black, and Hispanic households. We also examine the degree to which the AFQT, Rotter, and Social scores explain variation in homeownership rates over an individual's life cycle. The findings suggest that reducing disparities in educational outcomes would meaningfully contribute to reducing minority homeownership gaps.
本文表明，成年早期获得的技能会在很大程度上影响日后的住房拥有水平。本文研究了三组技能--以武装部队资格考试（AFQT）分数衡量的认知技能；以罗特尔分数衡量的非认知技能（具体而言，即人们认为自己能够控制生活中事件结果的程度）；以及以戴明（2017）为基础的社会分数衡量的社交技能。我们使用中介分析来确定这三种不同类型的分数所反映的这些技能对房屋所有权的直接和间接影响。我们表明，衡量认知技能的 AFQT 分数不仅能捕捉到对住房拥有率的直接影响，而且还能通过中介变量--教育和收入--产生更大的间接影响。结果表明，成年早期的 AFQT 分数对房屋所有权结果具有很高的预测性，可以解释白人、黑人和西班牙裔家庭之间大约四分之一到三分之一的差异结果。我们还研究了 AFQT、Rotter 和 Social 分数在多大程度上解释了个人生命周期中住房拥有率的变化。研究结果表明，缩小教育成果的差距将有助于缩小少数民族的住房拥有率差距。
{"title":"Impact of skills in early adulthood on lifetime homeownership disparities","authors":"Liyi Liu, Douglas McManus","doi":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhe.2024.102011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper shows that skills acquired by early adulthood affect homeownership levels achieved later in life in important ways. The paper examines three sets of skills—cognitive skills, as measured by the Armed Forces Qualifying Test (AFQT) score; non-cognitive skills (specifically, the degree to which people believe that they have control over the outcome of events in their lives), measured by the Rotter score; and social skills, using a Social score based on Deming (2017). Mediation analysis is used to identify both the direct and indirect effects of these skills, as captured by the three different types of scores, on homeownership. We show that the AFQT score measuring cognitive skills not only captures direct effects on the homeownership rate, but even larger indirect effects through the mediator variables—education and income. AFQT scores in early adulthood are shown to be highly predictive of homeownership outcomes, explaining roughly one-quarter to one-third of the disparate outcomes between White, Black, and Hispanic households. We also examine the degree to which the AFQT, Rotter, and Social scores explain variation in homeownership rates over an individual's life cycle. The findings suggest that reducing disparities in educational outcomes would meaningfully contribute to reducing minority homeownership gaps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51490,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Housing Economics","volume":"65 ","pages":"Article 102011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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