Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2150145
Hanxiang Du, Wanli Xing
Abstract Online discussion forums are highly valued by instructors due to their affordance for understanding class activities and learning. However, a discussion forum with a great number of posts requires a large amount of time to view, and help requests are easily overlooked. Various machine-learning–based tools have been developed to help instructors monitor or identify posts that require immediate responses. However, the black-box nature of deep learning cannot explain why and how decisions are achieved, raising trust and reliability issues. To address the gap, this work developed an explainable text classifier framework based on a model originally designed for legal services. We used the Stanford MOOCPost dataset to identify posts of confusion. Our results showed that the framework can not only identify discussion forum posts with confusion of different levels, but also provide explanation in terms of words from the identified posts.
{"title":"Leveraging explainability for discussion forum classification: Using confusion detection as an example","authors":"Hanxiang Du, Wanli Xing","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2150145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2150145","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Online discussion forums are highly valued by instructors due to their affordance for understanding class activities and learning. However, a discussion forum with a great number of posts requires a large amount of time to view, and help requests are easily overlooked. Various machine-learning–based tools have been developed to help instructors monitor or identify posts that require immediate responses. However, the black-box nature of deep learning cannot explain why and how decisions are achieved, raising trust and reliability issues. To address the gap, this work developed an explainable text classifier framework based on a model originally designed for legal services. We used the Stanford MOOCPost dataset to identify posts of confusion. Our results showed that the framework can not only identify discussion forum posts with confusion of different levels, but also provide explanation in terms of words from the identified posts.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"44 1","pages":"190 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41347627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2155618
M. Doo, Meina Zhu, Curtis J. Bonk
Abstract Self-directed learning (SDL) is a critical success factor for massive open online course (MOOC) learners. This meta-analysis study examined the influence of SDL on learning outcomes in MOOCs by extracting the effect sizes of 60 samples from 14 studies published between January 2010 and April 2022. The results showed that the overall effects of SDL on learning outcomes in MOOCs have a medium effect size, which supports many previous studies that have reported positive effects of SDL on academic achievement in MOOCs. There was also a significant difference in the effect size of SDL on learning outcomes among adult learners, undergraduates, and middle and high school students. The influence of self-management on learning outcomes was significantly smaller than on motivation and self-monitoring. However, there were no significant differences in affective, cognitive, and behavioral learning domains in terms of the influence of SDL on learning outcomes.
{"title":"Influence of self-directed learning on learning outcomes in MOOCs: A meta-analysis","authors":"M. Doo, Meina Zhu, Curtis J. Bonk","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2155618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2155618","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Self-directed learning (SDL) is a critical success factor for massive open online course (MOOC) learners. This meta-analysis study examined the influence of SDL on learning outcomes in MOOCs by extracting the effect sizes of 60 samples from 14 studies published between January 2010 and April 2022. The results showed that the overall effects of SDL on learning outcomes in MOOCs have a medium effect size, which supports many previous studies that have reported positive effects of SDL on academic achievement in MOOCs. There was also a significant difference in the effect size of SDL on learning outcomes among adult learners, undergraduates, and middle and high school students. The influence of self-management on learning outcomes was significantly smaller than on motivation and self-monitoring. However, there were no significant differences in affective, cognitive, and behavioral learning domains in terms of the influence of SDL on learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"44 1","pages":"86 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46568956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2150126
E. Oh, M. Cho, Yunjeong Chang
Abstract The purpose of this paper was to examine learners’ perspectives on massive open online course (MOOC) design. For the past decade, there has been substantial discussion on the design aspects and instructional quality of MOOCs. However, research investigating MOOC design from learners’ perspectives is rarely conducted. Understanding MOOC learners’ perspectives regarding MOOC design can bring useful insights to researchers and practitioners for the growth and success of MOOCs. Through exploratory factor analysis of 209 learners of a MOOC, this study identified four MOOC design dimensions that the learners value: human interactions, navigation, professional development, and course workload. In addition, the study found that learner characteristics such as learners’ age and the type of goals learners bring to the MOOCs are related to what they value in MOOC design. Expanding our understanding of MOOC design, implications for future research and practice for designing a MOOC are discussed.
{"title":"Learners’ perspectives on MOOC design","authors":"E. Oh, M. Cho, Yunjeong Chang","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2150126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2150126","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this paper was to examine learners’ perspectives on massive open online course (MOOC) design. For the past decade, there has been substantial discussion on the design aspects and instructional quality of MOOCs. However, research investigating MOOC design from learners’ perspectives is rarely conducted. Understanding MOOC learners’ perspectives regarding MOOC design can bring useful insights to researchers and practitioners for the growth and success of MOOCs. Through exploratory factor analysis of 209 learners of a MOOC, this study identified four MOOC design dimensions that the learners value: human interactions, navigation, professional development, and course workload. In addition, the study found that learner characteristics such as learners’ age and the type of goals learners bring to the MOOCs are related to what they value in MOOC design. Expanding our understanding of MOOC design, implications for future research and practice for designing a MOOC are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"44 1","pages":"476 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43013468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2150127
Meina Zhu, Funda Ergulec
Abstract Online collaborative learning is increasingly used in online courses in higher education, but assessing student online collaborative learning presents unique challenges as well as interesting opportunities. Thus, it is critical to gain a clear picture of online group collaboration assessment strategies, including group learning assessment methods and examining the effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities in online education. The present study systematically reviewed 12 empirical studies on online collaborative learning assessment in higher education published in journals from 2011 to 2021. The results show that diverse strategies were used to facilitate group collaboration, including group agreements, project planning, role assignments, problem-based projects, and instructor feedback. The reviewed studies primarily evaluated learners through instructor evaluation, peer evaluation, and self-evaluation methods. The most common strategy was instructor assessment, while self-evaluations were used the least. The findings of this mapping review provide practical examples for future online group collaborative learning assessment research and practice.
{"title":"A review of collaborative assessment strategies in online learning","authors":"Meina Zhu, Funda Ergulec","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2150127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2150127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Online collaborative learning is increasingly used in online courses in higher education, but assessing student online collaborative learning presents unique challenges as well as interesting opportunities. Thus, it is critical to gain a clear picture of online group collaboration assessment strategies, including group learning assessment methods and examining the effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities in online education. The present study systematically reviewed 12 empirical studies on online collaborative learning assessment in higher education published in journals from 2011 to 2021. The results show that diverse strategies were used to facilitate group collaboration, including group agreements, project planning, role assignments, problem-based projects, and instructor feedback. The reviewed studies primarily evaluated learners through instructor evaluation, peer evaluation, and self-evaluation methods. The most common strategy was instructor assessment, while self-evaluations were used the least. The findings of this mapping review provide practical examples for future online group collaborative learning assessment research and practice.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"44 1","pages":"522 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45885638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-11DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2150391
R. Kipling, William A. V. Stiles, Micael de Andrade-Lima, Neil MacKintosh, Meirion W. Roberts, Cate L. Williams, P. Wootton-Beard, S. J. Watson-Jones
Abstract Online postgraduate courses for professionals often use discussion forums to promote engagement and interaction. Equivalency theorem suggests that student-student interaction may increase satisfaction but is not necessary for achieving desired learning outcomes. Therefore, costs, as well as benefits, should be ascertained. We used data from student feedback and interviews to assess the perceptions of part-time postgraduate distance learners, and analyze their views of the role, benefits, and drawbacks of discussion forums. The aim was to assess forum efficacy in the context of the specific needs of these learners, to inform forum use and design. Thematic analysis revealed complex interactions between student context and experience, forum design and management. Structurally tweaking forums to control engagement may be particularly ineffective, stimulating unhelpful grade-focused participation and highlighting forum opportunity costs. The study revealed the importance of designing and managing forums, with direct reference to their costs and benefits for specific student groups.
{"title":"Interaction in online postgraduate learning: what makes a good forum?","authors":"R. Kipling, William A. V. Stiles, Micael de Andrade-Lima, Neil MacKintosh, Meirion W. Roberts, Cate L. Williams, P. Wootton-Beard, S. J. Watson-Jones","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2150391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2150391","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Online postgraduate courses for professionals often use discussion forums to promote engagement and interaction. Equivalency theorem suggests that student-student interaction may increase satisfaction but is not necessary for achieving desired learning outcomes. Therefore, costs, as well as benefits, should be ascertained. We used data from student feedback and interviews to assess the perceptions of part-time postgraduate distance learners, and analyze their views of the role, benefits, and drawbacks of discussion forums. The aim was to assess forum efficacy in the context of the specific needs of these learners, to inform forum use and design. Thematic analysis revealed complex interactions between student context and experience, forum design and management. Structurally tweaking forums to control engagement may be particularly ineffective, stimulating unhelpful grade-focused participation and highlighting forum opportunity costs. The study revealed the importance of designing and managing forums, with direct reference to their costs and benefits for specific student groups.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"44 1","pages":"162 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42868490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-04DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2150147
Sin-Hyang Kim, Sihyun Park
Abstract Due to the sudden transition to online education because of the outbreak of COVID-19, various strategies and factors have been extensively investigated to increase the effectiveness and quality of online education. In this study, we reviewed and synthesized the factors correlating with students’ online learning satisfaction, considered a basic component when evaluating online education quality. From 42 studies that were systematically searched from nine databases, 164 separated correlates of students’ satisfaction were found. These were categorized into four domains: student-related factors, instructor-related factors, quality of online classes, and e-learning readiness. Overall effect size (ES) and four subgroup ESs were then calculated. The results indicated that the domain of instructor-related factors showed the highest ES compared to other domains. Among the factors, instructional support, technology acceptance, and perceived presence were the three top factors exhibiting large ES. Several implications are discussed to enhance these crucial factors.
{"title":"What contributed to students’ online learning satisfaction during the pandemic?","authors":"Sin-Hyang Kim, Sihyun Park","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2150147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2150147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to the sudden transition to online education because of the outbreak of COVID-19, various strategies and factors have been extensively investigated to increase the effectiveness and quality of online education. In this study, we reviewed and synthesized the factors correlating with students’ online learning satisfaction, considered a basic component when evaluating online education quality. From 42 studies that were systematically searched from nine databases, 164 separated correlates of students’ satisfaction were found. These were categorized into four domains: student-related factors, instructor-related factors, quality of online classes, and e-learning readiness. Overall effect size (ES) and four subgroup ESs were then calculated. The results indicated that the domain of instructor-related factors showed the highest ES compared to other domains. Among the factors, instructional support, technology acceptance, and perceived presence were the three top factors exhibiting large ES. Several implications are discussed to enhance these crucial factors.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"44 1","pages":"6 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45267295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2141609
Rose C. B. Singh, J. MacDonald
Abstract Distance education gives a diverse group of social work students access to further education. Research addressing the overall experiences of Canadian distance education social work students is limited, and even more so for distance education social work students with mental health (dis)Abilities. By means of a qualitative research project using narrative inquiry, I listened to the stories of social work students with mental health (dis)Abilities studying online as they each shared points of access and barriers within their distance education. Six study participants from two Canadian universities narrated multifaceted storied experiences of adapting, coping, and navigating through their distance courses and programs, highlighting attitudinal and institutional changes that would be supportive of their learning. Using narrative auto-ethnography, I also integrated my own experiences into the research. Through participants’ storied experiences, I conceptualized recommendations for social work distance education programs.
{"title":"Students with mental health (dis)Abilities’ storied experiences within distance education","authors":"Rose C. B. Singh, J. MacDonald","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2141609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2141609","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Distance education gives a diverse group of social work students access to further education. Research addressing the overall experiences of Canadian distance education social work students is limited, and even more so for distance education social work students with mental health (dis)Abilities. By means of a qualitative research project using narrative inquiry, I listened to the stories of social work students with mental health (dis)Abilities studying online as they each shared points of access and barriers within their distance education. Six study participants from two Canadian universities narrated multifaceted storied experiences of adapting, coping, and navigating through their distance courses and programs, highlighting attitudinal and institutional changes that would be supportive of their learning. Using narrative auto-ethnography, I also integrated my own experiences into the research. Through participants’ storied experiences, I conceptualized recommendations for social work distance education programs.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"43 1","pages":"508 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41577015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2141608
Amy Lomellini, Patrick R. Lowenthal, C. Snelson, J. Trespalacios
Abstract Online learning can potentially meet increasingly diverse students’ needs in higher education, including disabled students. However, institutions have historically struggled in providing accessible and inclusive online learning. Higher education online learning leaders, those who manage instructional designers, are in a unique position to help institutions strategize and create accessible and inclusive online courses. In this qualitative study, we interviewed nine higher education online learning leaders to understand leaders’ perceptions about how institutions provide accessible and inclusive online learning. Results demonstrated that despite varying conceptualizations of accessibility and inclusivity, online learning leaders perceive an insufficient but growing emphasis in higher education. Overall, participants described instructional designers as the most knowledgeable and skilled in this area. Participants described a lack of agency for instructional design teams and a need to advocate for buy-in from senior leadership. They also described strategies (e.g., faculty development, quality standards, and accessibility checkers) to support faculty.
{"title":"Higher education leaders’ perspectives of accessible and inclusive online learning","authors":"Amy Lomellini, Patrick R. Lowenthal, C. Snelson, J. Trespalacios","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2141608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2141608","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Online learning can potentially meet increasingly diverse students’ needs in higher education, including disabled students. However, institutions have historically struggled in providing accessible and inclusive online learning. Higher education online learning leaders, those who manage instructional designers, are in a unique position to help institutions strategize and create accessible and inclusive online courses. In this qualitative study, we interviewed nine higher education online learning leaders to understand leaders’ perceptions about how institutions provide accessible and inclusive online learning. Results demonstrated that despite varying conceptualizations of accessibility and inclusivity, online learning leaders perceive an insufficient but growing emphasis in higher education. Overall, participants described instructional designers as the most knowledgeable and skilled in this area. Participants described a lack of agency for instructional design teams and a need to advocate for buy-in from senior leadership. They also described strategies (e.g., faculty development, quality standards, and accessibility checkers) to support faculty.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"43 1","pages":"574 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41487711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2144139
P. Prinsloo, Chinaza Uleanya
Abstract Distance education celebrates its humanitarian mission of providing opportunities for disadvantaged and marginalized individuals who do not have access to traditional campus-based higher education. Large enrolments of students necessitate an industrialized approach in planning, design, and delivery informed by a normative assumption of ableism. In the context of post-apartheid South Africa, distance education fulfills a particular important role in ensuring access to education for all. This scoping review addressed two questions: “What is currently known, in the context of distance education in South Africa, about the educational experiences of SWDs?” and “How should we understand and respond to these experiences?” The scoping study shows, inter alia, that while there is an institutional commitment to providing equitable learning experiences, the lived experiences of students with disabilities provide evidence of their invisibility in the design, planning, and delivery of learning. The study concludes with some recommendations and provocations.
{"title":"Making the invisible, visible: disability in South African distance education","authors":"P. Prinsloo, Chinaza Uleanya","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2144139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2144139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Distance education celebrates its humanitarian mission of providing opportunities for disadvantaged and marginalized individuals who do not have access to traditional campus-based higher education. Large enrolments of students necessitate an industrialized approach in planning, design, and delivery informed by a normative assumption of ableism. In the context of post-apartheid South Africa, distance education fulfills a particular important role in ensuring access to education for all. This scoping review addressed two questions: “What is currently known, in the context of distance education in South Africa, about the educational experiences of SWDs?” and “How should we understand and respond to these experiences?” The scoping study shows, inter alia, that while there is an institutional commitment to providing equitable learning experiences, the lived experiences of students with disabilities provide evidence of their invisibility in the design, planning, and delivery of learning. The study concludes with some recommendations and provocations.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"43 1","pages":"489 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43392112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/01587919.2022.2143321
P. Gibson, Rebecca Clarkson, Mike Scott
Abstract The number of students with disabilities, which covers a range of conditions including physical and cognitive impairments, is on the rise. Further and higher education institutions are obliged to ensure that teaching and assessment is inclusive. This is particularly pertinent since the pandemic as many students have missed social opportunities that may have offered academic capital. We conducted a systematic review of relevant United Kingdom literature on how assessment for distance education in further education and higher education can be made inclusive in practical and purposeful ways. Assessment is the fundamental way that we measure students’ understanding and progress; it is only through demonstrating knowledge against the set criteria and learning outcomes that students can pass assessments and earn credits toward completion of their degree. We found three key themes in promoting student potential: (a) purposeful and accessible feedback, (b) online group work opportunities, (c) student agency over assessment format.
{"title":"Promoting potential through purposeful inclusive assessment for distance learners","authors":"P. Gibson, Rebecca Clarkson, Mike Scott","doi":"10.1080/01587919.2022.2143321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2022.2143321","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The number of students with disabilities, which covers a range of conditions including physical and cognitive impairments, is on the rise. Further and higher education institutions are obliged to ensure that teaching and assessment is inclusive. This is particularly pertinent since the pandemic as many students have missed social opportunities that may have offered academic capital. We conducted a systematic review of relevant United Kingdom literature on how assessment for distance education in further education and higher education can be made inclusive in practical and purposeful ways. Assessment is the fundamental way that we measure students’ understanding and progress; it is only through demonstrating knowledge against the set criteria and learning outcomes that students can pass assessments and earn credits toward completion of their degree. We found three key themes in promoting student potential: (a) purposeful and accessible feedback, (b) online group work opportunities, (c) student agency over assessment format.","PeriodicalId":51514,"journal":{"name":"Distance Education","volume":"43 1","pages":"543 - 555"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48975863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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