Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.1177/15270025211071028
Lena Neuberg, Stefan Thiem
This paper analyzes the risk-taking behavior of heterogeneous players in dynamic contests with intermediate information. Using data from the first German Handball league, we measure risk-taking by substituting the goalkeeper for an additional field player. By differentiating between ex-ante and in-game heterogeneity, we show that underdogs and trailing teams are willing to take more risks and that favourites and underdogs react differently to interim information. Trailing underdogs choose riskier strategies than trailing favorites during a match. The increased overall risk-taking is indeed beneficial for underdogs, whereas favourites lose significantly more games as a result of increased risk-taking.
{"title":"Risk-taking in contests with heterogeneous players and intermediate Information—Evidence from handball","authors":"Lena Neuberg, Stefan Thiem","doi":"10.1177/15270025211071028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211071028","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the risk-taking behavior of heterogeneous players in dynamic contests with intermediate information. Using data from the first German Handball league, we measure risk-taking by substituting the goalkeeper for an additional field player. By differentiating between ex-ante and in-game heterogeneity, we show that underdogs and trailing teams are willing to take more risks and that favourites and underdogs react differently to interim information. Trailing underdogs choose riskier strategies than trailing favorites during a match. The increased overall risk-taking is indeed beneficial for underdogs, whereas favourites lose significantly more games as a result of increased risk-taking.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"851 - 880"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65412567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1177/15270025221074692
Stacey L. Brook
Previous research examines the impact college athletic success has on state appropriations, donations, student applications, and academic reputation, but not on the impact college athletic success has on an individual athletic program directly. Since nearly 70% of post-season bowl game Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) participants incur bowl game financial losses, are there future benefits from post-season bowl game participation for the football program? The empirical results show prior post-season bowl participation has positive impacts on current recruiting and revenues, but not performance. Finally, 92% of programs cover their current bowl game financial losses from higher future variable revenues attributed to current bowl participation.
{"title":"What is the Impact of Post-Season Bowl Participation on a Football Program's On-Field Success, Recruiting and Revenues?","authors":"Stacey L. Brook","doi":"10.1177/15270025221074692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025221074692","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research examines the impact college athletic success has on state appropriations, donations, student applications, and academic reputation, but not on the impact college athletic success has on an individual athletic program directly. Since nearly 70% of post-season bowl game Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) participants incur bowl game financial losses, are there future benefits from post-season bowl game participation for the football program? The empirical results show prior post-season bowl participation has positive impacts on current recruiting and revenues, but not performance. Finally, 92% of programs cover their current bowl game financial losses from higher future variable revenues attributed to current bowl participation.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"976 - 988"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48905456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-12DOI: 10.1177/15270025211059533
R. Böheim, Mario Lackner, Wilhelm Wagner
We investigate the risk-taking behavior of women and men in high-stakes jumping competitions. Results indicated that female and male athletes differ in the timing and extent of their reactions to an increase in the risk of failure. Male competitors increased risk-taking in the more risky environment immediately after the changes. Female athletes, however, increased risk-taking two years after the rule change. Over time, female athletes revert to pre-reform risk-taking levels, and male athletes’ continued to make more risky decisions in the new environment. We attribute our findings to gender differences in competitiveness and risk preferences.
{"title":"Raising the Bar: Causal Evidence on Gender Differences in Risk-Taking From a Natural Experiment","authors":"R. Böheim, Mario Lackner, Wilhelm Wagner","doi":"10.1177/15270025211059533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211059533","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the risk-taking behavior of women and men in high-stakes jumping competitions. Results indicated that female and male athletes differ in the timing and extent of their reactions to an increase in the risk of failure. Male competitors increased risk-taking in the more risky environment immediately after the changes. Female athletes, however, increased risk-taking two years after the rule change. Over time, female athletes revert to pre-reform risk-taking levels, and male athletes’ continued to make more risky decisions in the new environment. We attribute our findings to gender differences in competitiveness and risk preferences.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"460 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42464710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-07DOI: 10.1177/15270025211067795
Dirk Semmelroth, B. Frick, R. Simmons, H. Sung
Using a large dataset with over 4,000 game-level observations from Major League Soccer over the period 2006 to 2019 we investigate the determinants of attendance demand. Focusing on franchise expansion and location effects, we find that some decisions made by the organization had positive impacts on league revenues. While going to cities with a large population and already hosting nearby NFL or NBA teams is positively associated with game attendance, the presence of geographically close MLB and NHL teams is detrimental to MLS revenues. Our results suggest a need for a more nuanced and selective approach to MLS expansion policy.
{"title":"Where to Go Next? Examining the Effect of Franchise Expansion and Location on Game-Level Attendance in Major League Soccer","authors":"Dirk Semmelroth, B. Frick, R. Simmons, H. Sung","doi":"10.1177/15270025211067795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211067795","url":null,"abstract":"Using a large dataset with over 4,000 game-level observations from Major League Soccer over the period 2006 to 2019 we investigate the determinants of attendance demand. Focusing on franchise expansion and location effects, we find that some decisions made by the organization had positive impacts on league revenues. While going to cities with a large population and already hosting nearby NFL or NBA teams is positively associated with game attendance, the presence of geographically close MLB and NHL teams is detrimental to MLS revenues. Our results suggest a need for a more nuanced and selective approach to MLS expansion policy.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"524 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-04DOI: 10.1177/15270025211071029
M. Kobierecki, Michał Pierzgalski
This paper contributes to the current literature investigating whether hosting sports mega-events brings tangible economic benefits to the host country. Specifically, we examine whether staging the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cups leads to observable economic growth. The research has been conducted through a quasi-experimental study in the spirit of the difference-in-differences method. The research subject includes states in which the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup were held between 2010 and 2016: Canada, South Africa, Great Britain, and Brazil. We found that there is no significant effect of hosting sports mega-events on economic growth.
{"title":"Sports Mega-Events and Economic Growth: A Synthetic Control Approach","authors":"M. Kobierecki, Michał Pierzgalski","doi":"10.1177/15270025211071029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211071029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the current literature investigating whether hosting sports mega-events brings tangible economic benefits to the host country. Specifically, we examine whether staging the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cups leads to observable economic growth. The research has been conducted through a quasi-experimental study in the spirit of the difference-in-differences method. The research subject includes states in which the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup were held between 2010 and 2016: Canada, South Africa, Great Britain, and Brazil. We found that there is no significant effect of hosting sports mega-events on economic growth.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"567 - 597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44995839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.1177/15270025211071026
Joxe Maria Barrutiabengoa, P. Corredor, L. Muga
This research addresses the importance of gender in the pricing process of the sports betting industry. Specifically, we investigate the impact of gender in the prices that bookmakers offer for tennis matches. Despite widespread evidence of gender bias both in the practice of the sport and its media coverage, tennis is one of the sports that has done most to achieve equality. The analysis of 51,881 tennis matches reveals that betting firms quote higher prices for women's matches than for men's, even when considering uncertainty due to the surprise factor and the media attention. The separate analysis of two bookmakers strengthens the evidence for the role of media attention as a source of gender-related information asymmetry.
{"title":"Does The Betting Industry Price Gender? Evidence from Professional Tennis","authors":"Joxe Maria Barrutiabengoa, P. Corredor, L. Muga","doi":"10.1177/15270025211071026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211071026","url":null,"abstract":"This research addresses the importance of gender in the pricing process of the sports betting industry. Specifically, we investigate the impact of gender in the prices that bookmakers offer for tennis matches. Despite widespread evidence of gender bias both in the practice of the sport and its media coverage, tennis is one of the sports that has done most to achieve equality. The analysis of 51,881 tennis matches reveals that betting firms quote higher prices for women's matches than for men's, even when considering uncertainty due to the surprise factor and the media attention. The separate analysis of two bookmakers strengthens the evidence for the role of media attention as a source of gender-related information asymmetry.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"881 - 906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48842902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.1177/15270025211051061
W. Andreff
The present article first delineates core sport economics and compares the content of the Journal of Sports Economics (JSE) in different periods of time, then with other core publications in sport economics. Finally, a comparison is undertaken with articles in sport economics which have been published in generalist economics journals over the past two decades. A major conclusion is that the JSE appears to be the mainstream journal in quantitative sport microeconomics. Other strengths and weaknesses are exhibited and tentatively explained, including a marginal attention paid to non-microeconomic issues in sport and some other unheeded topics. A final conclusion is geared toward options for the editorial policy in the decades to come.
{"title":"Oldies but Goldies! Twenty Years After, the Journal of Sports Economics at a Crossroads?","authors":"W. Andreff","doi":"10.1177/15270025211051061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211051061","url":null,"abstract":"The present article first delineates core sport economics and compares the content of the Journal of Sports Economics (JSE) in different periods of time, then with other core publications in sport economics. Finally, a comparison is undertaken with articles in sport economics which have been published in generalist economics journals over the past two decades. A major conclusion is that the JSE appears to be the mainstream journal in quantitative sport microeconomics. Other strengths and weaknesses are exhibited and tentatively explained, including a marginal attention paid to non-microeconomic issues in sport and some other unheeded topics. A final conclusion is geared toward options for the editorial policy in the decades to come.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"659 - 727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49075446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.1177/15270025211067786
V. Alfano
Anecdotal evidence suggests that football matches may have played a role in the spread of COVID-19 all over Europe. Nevertheless, from a scientific point of view, the impact of football matches on the spread of COVID-19 remains unclear. In this paper we study, via a quantitative analysis, the case of Italy, a country badly affected by COVID, and one where attending football matches is very popular. We consider the impact of matches played in January and February 2020 on the dynamic of the pandemic in March and April the same year. Our results, which consider all levels of Italian professional football, and the highest level of amateur football, show that matches played in January and February had an impact on the evolution of the pandemic in March and April. These results suggest that great care must be taken before considering re-opening stadia.
{"title":"COVID-19 Diffusion Before Awareness: The Role of Football Match Attendance in Italy","authors":"V. Alfano","doi":"10.1177/15270025211067786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211067786","url":null,"abstract":"Anecdotal evidence suggests that football matches may have played a role in the spread of COVID-19 all over Europe. Nevertheless, from a scientific point of view, the impact of football matches on the spread of COVID-19 remains unclear. In this paper we study, via a quantitative analysis, the case of Italy, a country badly affected by COVID, and one where attending football matches is very popular. We consider the impact of matches played in January and February 2020 on the dynamic of the pandemic in March and April the same year. Our results, which consider all levels of Italian professional football, and the highest level of amateur football, show that matches played in January and February had an impact on the evolution of the pandemic in March and April. These results suggest that great care must be taken before considering re-opening stadia.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"503 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44919858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.1177/15270025211067793
Thadeu Gasparetto, Á. Barajas
Previous research on professional football offer conflicting results regarding the impact of wage dispersion on team performance. However, the existing intra-league heterogeneity among clubs is overlooked and could be the reason for the diverging outcomes. The aim of this paper is to reanalyze this relationship having the clubs’ size as moderator. Payroll – which captures the financial strength – is used as proxy of club size. Ordinary Least Squares regressions with season and league fixed effects are employed. Dispersion is measured by three indexes for robustness check. The outputs confirm the quadratic relationship between wage dispersion and performance, but adding that identical levels of dispersion have different impact on football clubs according to their financial strength.
{"title":"Wage Dispersion and Team Performance: The Moderation Role of Club Size","authors":"Thadeu Gasparetto, Á. Barajas","doi":"10.1177/15270025211067793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211067793","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on professional football offer conflicting results regarding the impact of wage dispersion on team performance. However, the existing intra-league heterogeneity among clubs is overlooked and could be the reason for the diverging outcomes. The aim of this paper is to reanalyze this relationship having the clubs’ size as moderator. Payroll – which captures the financial strength – is used as proxy of club size. Ordinary Least Squares regressions with season and league fixed effects are employed. Dispersion is measured by three indexes for robustness check. The outputs confirm the quadratic relationship between wage dispersion and performance, but adding that identical levels of dispersion have different impact on football clubs according to their financial strength.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"548 - 566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46536035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-20DOI: 10.1177/15270025211067792
Paul Gift
Caves, Tatos, and Urschel (Caves et al.) emphasize that I declined to share my dataset, but the context of that decision warrants further elaboration. All three authors have a clear connection to the plaintiffs in the active antitrust case, Le et al. v. Zuffa LLC (UFC Lawsuit), and two of the authors – Dr. Caves and Mr. Urschel – consulted for the plaintiffs and may yet provide future support. I have zero financial interest in the case and felt it improper to provide data to individuals with an obvious interest in either side of an ongoing, multibillion-dollar lawsuit. This was my personal “barrier to data disclosure.” In addition, all data used in my analyses are publicly available and both sides have significant resources at their disposal. Caves et al. advance two primary lines of criticism: (1) concerns regarding comparisons of marginal revenue product (MRP) and compensation in the presence of fixed Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) revenues and (2) concerns regarding my use of Google Trends search interest data as a proxy for UFC fighter popularity. I leave it to readers to form their own conclusions regarding the authors’ conflicts of interest and address their two substantive criticisms below.
Caves, Tatos和Urschel (Caves等人)强调我拒绝分享我的数据集，但该决定的背景值得进一步阐述。在Le et al. v. Zuffa LLC (UFC诉讼)一案中，这三位作者都与原告有明确的联系，其中两位作者——Caves博士和Urschel先生——曾为原告提供咨询，并可能在未来提供支持。我在这起案件中没有任何经济利益，而且我认为，向与这起正在进行的价值数十亿美元的诉讼的任何一方都明显有利害关系的个人提供数据都是不恰当的。这是我个人的“数据披露障碍”。此外，我分析中使用的所有数据都是公开的，双方都有大量的资源可供使用。Caves等人提出了两条主要的批评路线:(1)关于边际收入产品(MRP)和补偿的比较，以及(2)关于我使用谷歌Trends搜索兴趣数据作为UFC战士受欢迎程度的代理的问题。我让读者对作者的利益冲突形成自己的结论，并在下面解决他们的两个实质性批评。
{"title":"Reply to the Caves et al. Comment on “Moving the Needle in MMA: On the Marginal Revenue Product of UFC Fighters”","authors":"Paul Gift","doi":"10.1177/15270025211067792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211067792","url":null,"abstract":"Caves, Tatos, and Urschel (Caves et al.) emphasize that I declined to share my dataset, but the context of that decision warrants further elaboration. All three authors have a clear connection to the plaintiffs in the active antitrust case, Le et al. v. Zuffa LLC (UFC Lawsuit), and two of the authors – Dr. Caves and Mr. Urschel – consulted for the plaintiffs and may yet provide future support. I have zero financial interest in the case and felt it improper to provide data to individuals with an obvious interest in either side of an ongoing, multibillion-dollar lawsuit. This was my personal “barrier to data disclosure.” In addition, all data used in my analyses are publicly available and both sides have significant resources at their disposal. Caves et al. advance two primary lines of criticism: (1) concerns regarding comparisons of marginal revenue product (MRP) and compensation in the presence of fixed Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) revenues and (2) concerns regarding my use of Google Trends search interest data as a proxy for UFC fighter popularity. I leave it to readers to form their own conclusions regarding the authors’ conflicts of interest and address their two substantive criticisms below.","PeriodicalId":51522,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"366 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43326344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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