Travel Behaviour and Society最新文献_第5页

Evaluating the effect of post-pandemic hybrid work on travel behaviour and sustainable transportation: A tour-based analysis 评价大流行后混合工作对旅行行为和可持续交通的影响：基于旅行的分析

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101199

Hamza Zubair , Susilawati Susilawati , Amin Talei , Ziyuan Pu

The widespread adoption of hybrid work in the post-pandemic era has significantly influenced travel behaviour. However, its combined impact on trip-chaining patterns and vehicle miles travelled (VMT) remains underexplored. Hence, this study investigates differences in workers’ trip-chaining propensity, frequency, complexity, tour patterns, and VMT while assessing the role of activity distances in shaping these patterns. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis evaluates the effects of transitioning non-teleworkers to hybrid work on tour-related VMT. A survey conducted in Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between June 10 and July 20, 2023, employed statistical modelling to achieve the research objectives. The findings reveal substantial differences in tour patterns and complexity among workers. Hybrid workers have higher chances of complex tours, leading to fewer tours per day. Regardless of tour patterns, transitioning non-teleworkers to hybrid work can result in a 4.8% reduction in VMT per tour. Moreover, co-locating various facilities within the same locality can facilitate the transition from two-stop tours to complex tours, potentially reducing VMT by 19.6% per tour among hybrid workers. Sensitivity analysis suggests that converting 30% to 40% of non-teleworkers to hybrid work could provide a balanced approach, mitigating unintended increases in specific tour patterns while achieving meaningful VMT reductions. These findings offer critical insights into the behavioural adaptations and decision-making processes associated with hybrid work, underscoring their implications for sustainable mobility. By strategically integrating hybrid work with transport planning and mixed land-use policies, policymakers can enhance sustainable transportation systems and mitigate travel demand.

大流行后时代，混合工作的广泛采用对旅行行为产生了重大影响。然而，它对出行链模式和车辆行驶里程（VMT）的综合影响仍未得到充分研究。因此，本研究调查了工人的旅行链倾向、频率、复杂性、旅行模式和VMT的差异，同时评估了活动距离在形成这些模式中的作用。此外，敏感性分析评估了非远程工作者过渡到混合工作对旅行相关VMT的影响。在2023年6月10日至7月20日期间，在马来西亚大吉隆坡进行了一项调查，采用统计建模来实现研究目标。研究结果显示，工人之间的旅行模式和复杂程度存在巨大差异。混合工人有更高的机会进行复杂的旅行，导致每天的旅行次数减少。无论旅行模式如何，将非远程工作者转变为混合工作可以使每次旅行的VMT减少4.8%。此外，在同一地点安置各种设施可以促进从两站旅行到复杂旅行的过渡，在混合工人中，每次旅行可能减少19.6%的VMT。敏感性分析表明，将30%至40%的非远程工作者转换为混合工作可以提供一种平衡的方法，减少特定旅行模式的意外增加，同时实现有意义的VMT减少。这些发现为与混合工作相关的行为适应和决策过程提供了重要见解，强调了它们对可持续流动性的影响。通过战略性地将混合工作与交通规划和混合土地使用政策相结合，政策制定者可以增强可持续交通系统并减少出行需求。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial-temporal comparative analysis of free-floating and electric free-floating bikeshare in Chinese medium-sized cities: A case study of Yancheng city 中国中等城市自由浮动与电动自由浮动共享单车的时空对比分析——以盐城市为例

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101198

Jingxu Chen, Xize Liu, Xuewu Chen, Long Cheng

The rapid rise of shared micromobility (SMM) has transformed urban travel, yet spatiotemporal dynamics of different SMM modes in medium-sized cities remain insufficiently understood. Unlike large cities anchored by rail transit systems, medium-sized cities in China are predominantly bus-based and allow more flexible SMM operations, which lead to distinctive spatiotemporal SMM usage patterns and influencing factors. This study assembles comparable datasets for both free-floating bikeshare (FBS) and electric free-floating bikeshare (E-FBS) systems in Yancheng, a representative medium-sized city and investigate the spatiotemporal similarities and differences in travel patterns of both systems. Further, geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) models are established to examine potential factors causing heterogeneous effects on E-FBS and FBS use and identify factors that exert contrasting effects on their usage. E-FBS trips predominantly exceed 2 km, facilitated by power-assisted electric devices, with 37.5 % covering distance over 4 km, whereas more than half of FBS trips are under 2 km. Results indicate significant spatiotemporal variations in the effects of land use, socio-demographics, and transportation facilities. Specifically, E-FBS usage is positively correlated with commercial land and negatively correlated with education land, while FBS shows the opposite trend, possibly due to E-FBS’s longer travel distance and safety concerns at higher speed. High-level education and young individuals show a positive correlation with both modes, but the elderly negatively correlate with E-FBS. Based on the findings of comparative analysis, targeted policy implications are provided for local authorities, E-FBS and FBS operators to promote the sustainable coexistence of two SMM modes.

共享微交通（SMM）的迅速兴起改变了城市出行方式，但中型城市中不同共享微交通模式的时空动态仍未得到充分的了解。与以轨道交通系统为基础的大城市不同，中国中等城市以公共汽车为基础，允许更灵活的SMM运营，这导致了独特的时空SMM使用模式和影响因素。本研究收集了具有代表性的中等城市盐城自由浮动式共享单车（FBS）和电动自由浮动式共享单车（E-FBS）系统的可比数据集，探讨了两种系统出行模式的时空异同。此外，建立了地理和时间加权回归（GTWR）模型，以研究导致E-FBS和FBS使用异质性影响的潜在因素，并确定对其使用产生对比影响的因素。在电动辅助电动设备的推动下，电动FBS出行里程主要超过2公里，37.5%的人的出行里程超过4公里，而超过一半的FBS出行里程在2公里以下。结果表明，土地利用、社会人口和交通设施的影响存在显著的时空差异。其中，电子交通工具的使用与商业用地呈正相关，与教育用地呈负相关，而电子交通工具的使用则呈现相反的趋势，这可能是由于电子交通工具的行驶距离更长，以及在更高的速度下对安全的担忧。高学历与年轻个体与E-FBS呈正相关，而老年人与E-FBS呈负相关。在比较分析的基础上，为地方政府、E-FBS和FBS运营商提供了有针对性的政策建议，以促进两种SMM模式的可持续共存。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling interdependent choices of remote working centers and transportation with attitudes through latent variables 通过潜在变量对远程工作中心和交通的相互依赖选择进行建模

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101176

Jieyuan Lan , Tao Feng

The paper aims to investigate the interdependent choice behavior of individuals regarding Remote Working Centers (RWCs) and transportation modes, focusing particularly on latent factors like attitudes and personality traits. Using stated preference data from Tokyo, Japan, an integrated choice and latent variable (ICLV) model was applied. The results reveal that RWCs with six square meters of workspaces, minimal distractions, and no nearby amenities increase the probability of using RWCs. Work commitment, opportunity loss, workplace attire, timesaving attitude, workplace attachment, and workplace aversion significantly influence RWC usage. Individuals having higher work commitment, greater concerns about opportunity loss, higher workplace attire, and stronger workplace attachment and aversion are more likely to use RWCs, while timesaving people prefer working from home. Transportation choices also vary, with workplace attire investments favoring driving, and timesaving attitudes leaning toward walking or rail. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to promote teleworking, alleviating traffic and reducing environmental impacts.

本研究旨在探讨个体对远程工作中心和交通方式的相互依赖选择行为，重点关注态度和人格特质等潜在因素。使用来自日本东京的陈述偏好数据，应用综合选择和潜在变量（ICLV）模型。结果显示，拥有6平方米工作空间、干扰最小、附近没有设施的rwc增加了使用rwc的可能性。工作承诺、机会损失、工作着装、节省时间态度、工作依恋和工作厌恶显著影响RWC的使用。工作投入度高、更担心机会流失、更讲究职场着装、更强烈的职场依恋和厌恶感的人更有可能使用rwc，而节省时间的人更喜欢在家工作。交通工具的选择也各不相同，职场着装投资倾向于开车，而节省时间的态度倾向于步行或坐火车。这些发现为政策制定者和利益相关者促进远程办公、缓解交通和减少环境影响提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Identifying necessary and sufficient conditions for enhancing loyalty in hybrid electronic vehicles: A combined PLS-SEM and NCA approach 确定提高混合动力电动汽车忠诚度的必要和充分条件：PLS-SEM和NCA的结合方法

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101192

Sung-Yong Choi , Jae-Jang Yang , Muhammad Shakil Ahmad , Yong-Ki Lee

The purpose of this study is to examine value elements related to hybrid electric vehicles and their impact on consumers’ brand-related (brand identification) and corporate-related (corporate image) responses, which are expected to influence buying intention. Data was collected from 294 owners of hybrid electric vehicles in South Korea and analyzed using PLS-SEM and NCA (necessary condition analysis). The study finds that all four elements of value have a significant impact on either brand identification or corporate image. The study shows that brand identification and corporate image predict buying intention. Brand identification is found to play a mediating role in the relationship between aesthetic value and corporate image and between eco-friendliness and corporate image. The study finds that corporate image mediates the relationship between brand identification and buying intention. The study contributes to the understanding of the psychological process that explains buying intention of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) users.

本研究的目的是检验与混合动力汽车相关的价值要素及其对消费者品牌相关（品牌识别）和企业相关（企业形象）反应的影响，这些反应预计会影响购买意愿。从韩国294名混合动力汽车车主中收集数据，并使用PLS-SEM和NCA（必要条件分析）进行分析。研究发现，所有四个价值要素对品牌识别或企业形象都有显著影响。研究表明，品牌识别和企业形象预测购买意愿。发现品牌识别在审美价值与企业形象、生态友好与企业形象的关系中起中介作用。研究发现，企业形象在品牌识别与购买意愿之间起中介作用。该研究有助于理解混合动力汽车（HEV）用户购买意愿的心理过程。

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引用次数: 0

Real-time Bus Arrival Information Service: Optimal Dissemination Value Considering Non-travel Activities 实时公交到站信息服务：考虑非出行活动的最优传播价值

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101179

Tianxin Wang , Guojun Chen , Pengfei Gao , Shuyang Zhang , Li Song

When real-time bus arrival information is provided, passengers adapt their en route behaviour, demonstrating a strong propensity to engage in short-term non-travel activities to enhance travel time utility. However, accurately predicting bus arrivals remains challenging due to various operational uncertainties, necessitating an effective information dissemination strategy for Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS). This study focuses on passengers’ time interval from receiving arrival information to boarding, defined as the “catching process”. To minimize the time cost during this process, we develop a cost-minimization model that treats the disseminated bus arrival time as the decision variable and incorporates passengers’ behaviour feedback, namely, their choice of non-travel activity duration. The theoretical framework determines the optimal dissemination value within the prediction confidence interval. Numerical experiments under a typical scenario show that the optimal dissemination value reduces the expected catching time cost per passenger by an amount equivalent to 5.82 min of in-vehicle time (an 11.5% saving), compared to the benchmark strategy of disseminating the estimated time of arrival. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses reveal that prediction accuracy and travel purpose are critical determinants of the optimal dissemination strategy. In contrast, factors such as bus arrival time distribution, service headway, estimated time of arrival, and passenger access time exhibit negligible influence. These findings indicate that the proposed optimal dissemination strategy is particularly beneficial for ATIS with low prediction accuracy and for passengers with high punctuality requirements.

当提供实时公交车到达信息时，乘客会调整他们的途中行为，表现出参与短期非旅行活动以提高旅行时间效用的强烈倾向。然而，由于各种运营不确定性，准确预测巴士到达仍然具有挑战性，因此需要先进的旅行者信息系统（ATIS）有效的信息传播策略。本研究关注的是乘客从收到到达信息到登机的时间间隔，定义为“赶上过程”。为了使这一过程中的时间成本最小化，我们建立了一个成本最小化模型，该模型将公交车到达时间作为决策变量，并结合乘客的行为反馈，即他们对非旅行活动持续时间的选择。理论框架确定了预测置信区间内的最优传播值。典型场景下的数值实验表明，与传播预计到达时间的基准策略相比，最优传播值使每位乘客的期望搭乘时间成本减少了5.82 min，节省了11.5%。此外，敏感性分析表明，预测精度和旅行目的是最优传播策略的关键决定因素。相比之下，公交车到达时间分布、服务车头、预计到达时间和乘客到达时间等因素的影响可以忽略不计。这些研究结果表明，本文提出的最优传播策略对预测精度较低的ATIS和对准点要求较高的乘客特别有利。

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引用次数: 0

Urban expedition: Unveiling long-distance commuting and its nonlinear ties to the built environment 城市探险：揭示长途通勤及其与建筑环境的非线性联系

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101195

Mengmeng Zhang , Qianliang Jiang , Huaxiong Jiang , Liang Ma , Jiao’e Wang

The rapid growth of global long-distance commuting (LDC) presents increasing challenges for both environmental sustainability and individual well-being. Despite growing attention to this issue, the literature often lacks an explicit urban planning perspective on how the built environment influences LDC. In this study, a gradient boosting decision tree model is employed to examine these relationships using multiple data sources from Beijing. The results reveal that the characteristics of Beijing’s residential built environment significantly shape LDC patterns among transit users. Key built environment factors—including the jobs–housing ratio, distance to job centers, job accessibility, land-use diversity, and bus station density—exhibit nonlinear associations with LDC. These relationships are characterized by distinct threshold effects and U-shaped patterns. Moreover, spatial heterogeneity is evident, with varying influences across the inner city, inner suburbs, and outer suburbs. This study highlights the need to promote a more balanced jobs–housing relationship, increase land-use diversity, and expand employment opportunities in the inner suburbs to mitigate the pressures associated with extreme commuting.

全球长途通勤（LDC）的快速增长对环境可持续性和个人福祉提出了越来越大的挑战。尽管对这一问题的关注越来越多，但文献往往缺乏关于建筑环境如何影响最不发达国家的明确的城市规划视角。在本研究中，采用梯度增强决策树模型来检验这些关系，并使用来自北京的多个数据源。研究结果表明，北京居住建筑环境的特征显著影响着交通用户的最不发达格局。关键的建成环境因素——包括职住比、到工作中心的距离、工作可达性、土地利用多样性和公交车站密度——与最不发达国家表现出非线性关系。这些关系具有明显的阈值效应和u型模式。此外，空间异质性明显，内城、内郊和远郊的影响各不相同。本研究强调需要促进更平衡的工作与住房关系，增加土地使用多样性，并扩大内郊的就业机会，以减轻与极端通勤相关的压力。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in travel satisfaction during the day: How pre- and post-trip activities affect travel satisfaction 白天旅行满意度的变化：旅行前后活动如何影响旅行满意度

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101193

Qi Wang , Na Ta

Travel satisfaction is a crucial factor in evaluating residents’ subjective perceptions of the transportation system and travel experience, as well as in formulating traffic policies. However, the factors that influence travel satisfaction remain controversial. In previous studies, scholars have focused only on travel behavior and neglected the effects of travel-related activity characteristics. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by exploring the influences of activities before and after trips on trip characteristics and travel satisfaction, using a GPS-facilitated activity diary survey conducted in the Shangdi-Qinghe area of Beijing in 2012. Two structural equation models were constructed to examine the different impacts of activity categories and locations. The results indicate that pre- and post-trip activity characteristics exert both direct and indirect influences on travel satisfaction, with the indirect effects mediated by travel behavior characteristics being more pronounced. Pre-trip recreation activities and post-trip activities at flexible places have direct positive effects on travel satisfaction. Public transit travel and trip duration are important mediators. This study highlights the importance of considering activity-travel interactions in travel-related research.

出行满意度是评价居民对交通系统和出行体验的主观感受以及制定交通政策的关键因素。然而，影响旅游满意度的因素仍然存在争议。在以往的研究中，学者们只关注旅行行为，而忽略了旅行相关活动特征的影响。本研究旨在通过2012年在北京上地-清河地区进行的gps辅助活动日记调查，探讨旅行前后活动对旅行特征和旅行满意度的影响，从而解决这一知识空白。构建了两个结构方程模型来考察活动类别和地点的不同影响。结果表明，旅游前、后活动特征对旅游满意度既有直接影响，也有间接影响，其中旅游行为特征介导的间接影响更为显著。出行前游憩活动和出行后灵活场所活动对旅行满意度有直接的正向影响。公共交通出行和出行时间是重要的调节因子。本研究强调了在旅行相关研究中考虑活动-旅行互动的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing sequential activity and travel decisions with interpretable deep inverse reinforcement learning 用可解释的深度逆强化学习分析顺序活动和旅行决策

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101171

Yuebing Liang , Shenhao Wang , Jiangbo Yu , Zhan Zhao , Jinhua Zhao , Sandy Pentland

Travel demand modeling has shifted from aggregated trip-based models to behavior-oriented activity-based models because daily trips are essentially driven by human activities. To analyze the sequential activity-travel decisions, deep inverse reinforcement learning (DIRL) has proven effective in learning the decision mechanisms by approximating a reward function to represent preferences and a policy function to replicate observed behavior using deep neural networks (DNNs). However, most DIRL applications emphasize prediction accuracy and treat the learned functions as black boxes, offering limited behavioral insight. To address this gap, we propose an interpretable DIRL framework that adapts an adversarial IRL approach for modeling sequential activity-travel behavior. Interpretability is achieved in two ways: (1) we distill the learned policy into a surrogate interpretable Multinomial Logit (MNL) model, enabling the extraction of behavioral drivers from model parameters; and (2) we derive short-term rewards and long-term returns from the learned reward function, quantifying immediate preferences and overall decision outcomes across activity sequences. Applied to real-world travel survey data from Singapore, our framework uncovers meaningful behavioral patterns. The MNL-based surrogate model reveals that travel decisions are shaped by activity schedules, travel time, and socio-demographic attributes, particularly employment type. Reward and return analysis distinguish returners with regular patterns from explorers with irregular ones. Regular patterns yield higher long-term returns, while females and elderly individuals exhibit lower returns, indicating disparities in individual activity patterns. These findings bridge the gap between theory-driven behavioral models and data-driven machine learning, offering actionable insights for transport policy and urban planning.

旅行需求模型已经从基于汇总旅行的模型转变为基于行为导向的基于活动的模型，因为日常旅行本质上是由人类活动驱动的。为了分析序列活动-旅行决策，深度逆强化学习（DIRL）已被证明在学习决策机制方面是有效的，它通过使用深度神经网络（dnn）近似表示偏好的奖励函数和复制观察行为的策略函数来学习决策机制。然而，大多数DIRL应用程序强调预测的准确性，并将学习到的函数视为黑盒，提供有限的行为洞察力。为了解决这一差距，我们提出了一个可解释的DIRL框架，该框架采用对抗性的IRL方法来建模顺序活动-旅行行为。可解释性通过两种方式实现：(1)我们将学习到的策略提炼成一个代理可解释的多项Logit （MNL）模型，从而能够从模型参数中提取行为驱动因素；(2)我们从学习奖励函数中获得短期奖励和长期回报，量化了跨活动序列的即时偏好和总体决策结果。应用于来自新加坡的真实旅行调查数据，我们的框架揭示了有意义的行为模式。基于mnl的代理模型表明，旅行决策受活动计划、旅行时间和社会人口属性（尤其是就业类型）的影响。奖励与回报分析区分了规律模式的返回者和不规则模式的探索者。规律模式产生较高的长期回报，而女性和老年人表现出较低的回报，表明个体活动模式的差异。这些发现弥合了理论驱动的行为模型和数据驱动的机器学习之间的差距，为交通政策和城市规划提供了可行的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Willingness to become a ride-sourcing driver: results of an error components model 成为叫车司机的意愿：错误组件模型的结果

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101177

Hexin Zhang , Tao Feng , Harry J.P. Timmermans

Research on individuals’ participation in being a driver for ride-sourcing companies is rare and this decision has not been fully understood. This study uses stated choice experiment data collected in China through face-to-face interviews to explore the effects of job conditions, car ownership and socio-demographics on individuals’ decisions to become a driver for ride-sourcing companies. The results show that car owners and those who work in the tertiary industry have a higher interest in driving for a ride-sourcing company beyond regular working hours, but less interest in becoming a full-time driver. Social insurance is an important trigger of participation for individuals without a stable job. Middle-aged people have an interest in driving and prefer full-time driving over part-time driving or driving after work. These findings provide useful insights for improving driver recruitment and ride-sourcing sustainability.

关于个人参与成为网约车公司司机的研究很少，这一决定也没有得到充分理解。本研究采用在中国通过面对面访谈收集的陈述性选择实验数据，探讨工作条件、汽车保有量和社会人口统计学对个人决定成为网约车公司司机的影响。结果显示，车主和第三产业从业人员对在正常工作时间以外为网约车公司开车的兴趣更高，但对成为全职司机的兴趣较低。社会保险是没有稳定工作的个人参与社会的重要诱因。中年人对驾驶有兴趣，他们更喜欢全职驾驶，而不是兼职驾驶或下班后驾驶。这些发现为改善司机招聘和网约车可持续性提供了有用的见解。

引用次数: 0

From silent discontent to digital outrage: negotiating social norms in the Buenos Aires subway 从沉默的不满到数字化的愤怒：布宜诺斯艾利斯地铁里的社会规范谈判

IF 5.7 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101174

Maite Regina Beramendi , Melissa Sánchez , Davide Morselli , Marcelo Montenegro

Urban public transport systems, particularly subways, are spaces where formal regulations and informal norms shape social interactions. This study analyzes spontaneous messages posted on X (formerly Twitter) regarding norm violations and coexistence issues in the Buenos Aires subway (2017–2022). Using a mixed-methods approach, we applied structural topic modeling and qualitative content analysis to identify key themes in 12,334 tweets. Findings reveal that while passengers experience frequent frustration over norm violations, including fare evasion, pushing, and rule enforcement inconsistencies, direct confrontation is rare but violent. Instead, passengers rely on nonverbal regulation strategies, while social media serves as an outlet for grievances that remain unspoken in real-time interactions. Our analysis also shows a fundamental tension in norm enforcement: passengers oscillate between prescriptive expectations and pragmatic adaptations to transit constraints, fostering double standards and social demoralization. This study contributes to research on urban mobility and norm compliance by demonstrating how social media provides valuable insights into everyday transit experiences.

城市公共交通系统，特别是地铁，是正式法规和非正式规范塑造社会互动的空间。本研究分析了在X（以前的Twitter）上发布的关于布宜诺斯艾利斯地铁（2017-2022）违反规范和共存问题的自发信息。使用混合方法，我们应用结构主题建模和定性内容分析来识别12,334条推文中的关键主题。调查结果显示，虽然乘客经常对违反规范的行为感到沮丧，包括逃票、推搡和规则执行不一致，但直接对抗的情况很少，但很暴力。相反，乘客依赖于非语言的监管策略，而社交媒体则是实时互动中无法说出的不满情绪的发泄渠道。我们的分析还显示了规范执行的根本紧张：乘客在规范性期望和对交通限制的务实适应之间摇摆不定，助长了双重标准和社会道德低落。这项研究通过展示社交媒体如何为日常交通体验提供有价值的见解，为城市交通和规范遵守的研究做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0