Travel Behaviour and Society最新文献_第5页

Investigating the changes in residential location and commute patterns during the pandemic using smart card data 利用智能卡数据调查大流行期间居住地点和通勤模式的变化

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100964

Yu Wang , Charisma Choudhury , Thomas O. Hancock , Yacan Wang

Commute trips typically constitute a major share of weekday trips made in urban areas. Hence, commute distances and modes of travel usage are closely linked with the level of transport sustainability of a city. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant change in commute patterns – the length and frequency of commute trips and the usage rate of public transport in particular. To ensure the long-term sustainability of transport in a world faced with the persistent threat of potential pandemics, it is crucial to understand these changes. This paper empirically examines how the residential locations and commute patterns of a segment of subway commuters in Beijing changed during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Passively generated smart card data from 8,792,539 subway users were used to quantify the relative impact of different factors contributing to these changes. The results indicate a notable trend of residential relocation towards the city centre that is opposite to the trend of moving away from city centres observed in some other countries. Further, it is observed that the pandemic has acted as a catalyst for individuals with long commute times (over 45 min) to reconsider their locations, aiming to reduce commuting time. Consequently, such relocations lead to an average commute time reduction. The findings contribute to advancing existing knowledge related to the long-term mobility and sustainability implications of the pandemic, some of which are expected to be transferable to future pandemic contexts.

通勤出行通常是城市地区工作日出行的主要部分。因此，通勤距离和出行方式与城市交通的可持续性水平密切相关。COVID-19 大流行导致通勤模式发生了重大变化--通勤出行的长度和频率，特别是公共交通的使用率。在世界面临潜在大流行病持续威胁的情况下，为确保交通的长期可持续性，了解这些变化至关重要。本文通过实证研究，探讨了在 COVID-19 大流行高峰期，北京部分地铁乘客的居住地点和通勤模式是如何变化的。本文使用被动生成的 8,792,539 名地铁用户的智能卡数据来量化导致这些变化的不同因素的相对影响。结果表明，居住地向市中心迁移的趋势明显，这与其他一些国家出现的远离市中心的趋势相反。此外，研究还发现，大流行病对通勤时间较长（超过 45 分钟）的人起到了催化作用，促使他们重新考虑居住地点，以减少通勤时间。因此，这种搬迁导致通勤时间平均缩短。这些研究结果有助于推进与大流行病的长期流动性和可持续性影响有关的现有知识，其中一些知识有望应用于未来的大流行病环境中。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable urban mobility transitions through working from home (WFH) 通过在家办公（WFH）实现可持续的城市交通转型

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100953

Carey Curtis , Doina Olaru , Brett Smith , Tristan W. Reed , Caroline Knight , Sharon Biermann

This paper reports research aimed at understanding how working-from-home (WFH) can assist in a transition towards more sustainable urban mobility through travel reduction. A case study of Greater Perth, Western Australia reports empirical research conducted between 2021 and 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data is drawn from interviews with employers, a three-wave survey of employees, and transport and travel trends. Drawing on the data, the economic impact of this urban mobility transition is also estimated for a range of scenarios using transport modelling. The findings confirm a significant shift in the proportion of workers WFH for at least part of the week compared to pre-pandemic levels, a substantial reduction in commuting traffic with subsequent financial benefits, and a substantial improvement in life satisfaction provided by higher flexibility. These factors suggest that WFH can improve the liveability of cities and that transport policy should include strategies to encourage WFH to reduce travel demand.

本文报告了一项研究，旨在了解 "在家办公"（WFH）如何通过减少出行来协助向更可持续的城市交通过渡。通过对西澳大利亚大珀斯地区的案例研究，报告了在 2021 年至 2022 年 COVID-19 大流行期间开展的实证研究。数据来源于对雇主的访谈、三波雇员调查以及交通和出行趋势。根据这些数据，还利用交通模型对一系列情景下城市交通转型的经济影响进行了估算。研究结果证实，与大流行前的水平相比，每周至少有一部分时间全职在家的工人比例发生了显著变化，通勤交通量大幅减少，从而带来了经济效益，而更高的灵活性则大大提高了生活满意度。这些因素表明，全职家庭能够提高城市的宜居性，交通政策应包括鼓励全职家庭的战略，以减少出行需求。

引用次数: 0

Analysing driver behaviour and crash frequency at railway level crossings using connected vehicle and GIS data 利用联网车辆和地理信息系统数据分析铁路平交道口的驾驶员行为和碰撞频率

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100957

Seunghyeon Lee , Tiantian Chen , N.N. Sze , Tuo Mao , Yuming Ou , Adriana-Simona Mihaita , Fang Chen

Railway level crossings (RLCs) pose unique safety challenges as crucial intersections between vehicular traffic and railways. This study examines the effects of driver behavior on the safety performance of RLCs (within a 150-meter radius) in New South Wales, Australia. Historical databases on crashes, train operations, and inventory for RLCs were integrated. Also, vehicle movement raw data, including acceleration, deceleration, G-force, and speed, were extracted using the connected vehicle data. Then, the driver’s harsh braking and stiff steering events were identified. A random effect Hurdle Poisson model was adopted to account for the excessive zeros and unobserved heterogeneity. We identified risk factors affecting the likelihood and number of crashes at RLCs across two severity levels. Results of the non-injury crashes suggested that street, active control types, harsh braking, and stiff steering were associated with a higher likelihood of zero crash observations, while train frequency showed the opposite effect. It was also revealed that multiple tracks contributed to the increase in the number of non-injury crashes. Interestingly, after crossing the hurdle, harsh braking at RLC is associated with more non-injury crashes. As for the injury crashes, active control and stiff steering were associated with a higher likelihood of observing zeros. Nevertheless, once crossed the hurdle, intersecting with a highway, having multiple rail tracks and harsh braking events show increasing effects on the frequency of injury crashes. The findings of this study emphasize the need for targeted driver education programs and a larger-scale implementation of active control measures. It is hoped that these actionable insights can assist policymakers in prioritizing safety interventions at RLCs.

铁路平交道口（RLC）是车辆交通与铁路之间的重要交叉路口，具有独特的安全挑战。本研究探讨了驾驶员行为对澳大利亚新南威尔士州铁路平交道口（半径 150 米内）安全性能的影响。研究整合了有关碰撞事故、列车运行和区域联络中心库存的历史数据库。此外，还利用联网车辆数据提取了车辆运动原始数据，包括加速度、减速度、G 力和速度。然后，确定了驾驶员的急刹车和猛打方向事件。采用随机效应飓风泊松模型来考虑过多的零和未观察到的异质性。我们确定了影响两个严重程度的车辆碰撞事故发生概率和次数的风险因素。非伤害性碰撞事故的结果表明，街道、主动控制类型、苛刻制动和僵硬转向与更高的零碰撞观测可能性相关，而列车频率则显示出相反的影响。研究还发现，多条轨道也是导致非伤害碰撞次数增加的原因之一。有趣的是，在越过障碍后，RLC 的急刹车与更多的非伤害碰撞事故相关。至于受伤碰撞事故，主动控制和硬转向与观察到零的可能性较高有关。然而，一旦越过障碍，与高速公路相交、有多条铁轨和急刹车事件对伤害碰撞事故频率的影响会越来越大。本研究的结论强调了有针对性的驾驶员教育计划和更大规模地实施主动控制措施的必要性。希望这些可操作的见解能够帮助政策制定者优先考虑在区域交通中心采取安全干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

An injury severity-based methodology for assessing priority areas for shared micromobility accident risk mitigation 基于伤害严重程度的方法，用于评估减少共享微型交通事故风险的优先领域

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100962

Luigi Pio Prencipe, Simona De Bartolomeo, Leonardo Caggiani, Michele Ottomanelli

Recently, the adoption of micromobility as an alternative mode of transportation on a large scale has been growing rapidly. However, its operational and safety aspects have not been extensively investigated in the literature. Following this purpose, we developed a novel methodology that aims at evaluating priority areas for shared micromobility system users’ accident risk mitigation based on predicted injury severity using a machine learning-based approach. The methodology proposed in this paper consists of two models: a predictive model, which is based on an artificial neural network with a pattern recognition algorithm, to estimate the expected safety indicator of an urban zone, and a clustering method to define the priority areas for intervention through the application of a geofence speed regulation system. A real case study was carried out in the city of Bari, Italy, to test the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results showed how it is possible to define areas for intervention with different priorities based on the expected severity index. The proposed methodology can be seen as a decision support system to assist transport operators and urban planners in regulating shared micromobility vehicles in urban areas by defining priority areas for intervention through geofencing and, therefore, it can be useful for improving micromobility adoption, road safety, and urban mobility policies.

最近，作为一种替代交通方式，微型交通的大规模应用正在迅速增长。然而，文献中尚未对其运行和安全方面进行广泛研究。为此，我们开发了一种新颖的方法，旨在利用基于机器学习的方法，根据预测的伤害严重程度，评估共享微型交通系统用户事故风险缓解的优先领域。本文提出的方法包括两个模型：一个是基于人工神经网络和模式识别算法的预测模型，用于估算城市区域的预期安全指标；另一个是聚类方法，通过应用地理围栏速度调节系统来确定优先干预区域。在意大利巴里市进行了一项实际案例研究，以检验建议方法的有效性。研究结果表明，可以根据预期的严重程度指数确定不同优先干预区域。所提出的方法可被视为一个决策支持系统，通过地理围栏定义优先干预区域，协助交通运营商和城市规划者管理城市地区的共享微型交通车辆，因此，它对改善微型交通的采用、道路安全和城市交通政策非常有用。

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引用次数: 0

Improving conventional transit services with modular autonomous vehicles: A bi-level programming approach 利用模块化自动驾驶车辆改进传统公交服务：双层编程方法

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100939

Di Huang, Zhitao Hu, Jingyang Tian, Ran Tu

Modular autonomous bus technology is highly anticipated to be introduced into public transit systems with a gradually increasing market penetration, and it will be operated within a multimodal public transport system with a mixed fleet of autonomous buses and conventional human-driving buses. This study establishes a bi-level programming model for the coordinated optimization of hybrid transit system, considering transit company and passengers with conflicting objectives in passenger flow assignment and minimizing the systematic cost from operational and environmental perspectives. Results show that the integration of autonomous buses significantly improves the sustainability of the transit system, reducing operating costs by 25.1% and environmental costs by 27.72% compared to the conventional transit system. While reducing passenger waiting times, it also decreases carbon emissions of the current transit system. This study concludes with some managerial insights into the introduction of autonomous buses.

模块化自动驾驶公交车技术有望被引入公共交通系统，市场渗透率将逐步提高，并将在多式联运公共交通系统中运营，由自动驾驶公交车和传统人工驾驶公交车组成混合车队。本研究建立了一个用于协调优化混合公交系统的双层编程模型，考虑了公交公司和乘客在客流分配中的目标冲突，并从运营和环境角度最大限度地降低了系统成本。结果表明，与传统公交系统相比，自动驾驶公交车的集成大大提高了公交系统的可持续性，运营成本降低了 25.1%，环境成本降低了 27.72%。在减少乘客等待时间的同时，还降低了当前公交系统的碳排放量。本研究最后提出了对引进自动驾驶公交车的一些管理见解。

引用次数: 0

Ownership and use of electric vehicles in the Washington, DC, metro area 华盛顿特区都会区电动汽车的拥有和使用情况

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100945

Anna Alberini , Giovanni Santoboni

We use the travel diaries and other information in the 2018 Regional Travel Survey from the Washington DC metro area to examine the ownership and driving patterns of battery vehicles (EVs, comprised of BEVs and PHEVs) used for personal transportation purposes. We find that the households that own EVs are wealthier, own more vehicles, and have more family members and more working family members. Probit models suggest that the opportunity to charge at work is the most important predictor of EV ownership. By contrast, the availability of publicly accessible charging stations at the time of the purchase of a vehicle plays a very small role. Households that own EVs exhibit similar trip mode choices as households that own exclusively internal combustion engine (ICE) cars, drive their EVs similar distances—overall and for specific purposes—and at similar times of the day or night. This provides support for origin–destination trip matrices and models that regard EVs as similar to ICEs—at least in the Washington, DC, metro area.

我们利用华盛顿特区都会区 2018 年区域旅行调查中的旅行日记和其他信息，研究了用于个人交通目的的电池汽车（电动汽车，由 BEV 和 PHEV 组成）的所有权和驾驶模式。我们发现，拥有电动汽车的家庭更加富裕，拥有更多车辆，家庭成员更多，工作家庭成员更多。Probit 模型表明，在工作场所充电的机会是预测电动汽车拥有量的最重要因素。相比之下，购车时公共充电站的可用性作用很小。拥有电动汽车的家庭与完全拥有内燃机汽车（ICE）的家庭在出行方式选择上相似，驾驶电动汽车的距离--无论是总体距离还是特定目的--以及昼夜时间也相似。这为将电动汽车视为与内燃机汽车相似的出发地-目的地出行矩阵和模型提供了支持--至少在华盛顿特区都会区是如此。

引用次数: 0

Does Car Dependence Make People Unsatisfied With Life? Evidence From a U.S. National Survey 对汽车的依赖会让人对生活不满意吗？来自美国全国调查的证据

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100954

Rababe Saadaoui , Deborah Salon , Huê-Tâm Jamme , Nicole Corcoran , Jordyn Hitzeman

In the United States (U.S.), cars play a key role in facilitating mobility. Americans heavily rely on their cars for daily travel due to the benefits of access, convenience, comfort, and autonomy that private vehicle travel offers. However, the potential negative implications of high rates of car ownership and use for wellbeing, sustainability, and social equity have sparked the interest of many scholars. We contribute to these lines of inquiry by examining whether and if so, how car dependence relates to people’s satisfaction with life. Our data come from a national survey with a representative sample (n = 2,155) of U.S. adults living in urban and suburban areas. Using descriptive statistics and multivariate regression models, we find that there is a threshold effect of car dependence on life satisfaction. Our results show that beyond a certain point, increases in car dependence yield a decrease in people’s satisfaction with life. For instance, we find that, in a typical week, relying on a car for more than 50 percent of the time for out-of-home activities is associated with a decrease in life satisfaction. These findings suggest that planners and decision-makers should promote multimodality and land use patterns that may help to reduce car dependence and its potential negative effect on subjective wellbeing (SWB).

在美国，汽车在促进流动性方面发挥着关键作用。由于私家车出行带来的便捷、舒适和自主性等优势，美国人在很大程度上依赖汽车进行日常出行。然而，汽车的高拥有率和使用率对幸福感、可持续性和社会公平的潜在负面影响引发了许多学者的兴趣。我们通过研究汽车依赖性是否与人们的生活满意度相关，以及如果相关，又是如何相关的，为这些研究方向做出了贡献。我们的数据来自一项全国性调查，调查对象是居住在城市和郊区的美国成年人，样本具有代表性（n = 2,155 人）。通过描述性统计和多元回归模型，我们发现汽车依赖对生活满意度存在门槛效应。我们的结果表明，超过一定程度后，汽车依赖度的增加会导致人们对生活满意度的下降。例如，我们发现，在一个典型的星期里，如果有 50% 以上的时间外出活动依赖汽车，生活满意度就会下降。这些研究结果表明，规划者和决策者应推广多模式和土地使用模式，以帮助减少对汽车的依赖及其对主观幸福感（SWB）的潜在负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in leisure and shopping travel: From pre- to post-COVID-19 pandemic 休闲和购物旅行的趋势：从 COVID-19 流行前到流行后

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100956

Kailai Wang , Jonas De Vos

The global COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2022 precipitated a significant transformation in leisure and shopping travel patterns. This study leverages data from the Puget Sound Regional Travel Study conducted in 2017, 2019, and 2023 to investigate these changes. Utilizing rigorous statistical analyses, including conditional mixed-process modeling, our empirical results indicate that the share of trips made for leisure travel and in-store shopping increased in the post-pandemic era, while the vehicle miles traveled for leisure activities decreased. Individuals with telework arrangements exceeding six hours per day tended to make a higher proportion of their daily trips for leisure and shopping, yet they covered shorter distances by automobile for these activities. The surge in package delivery, stimulated by the pandemic, exhibited a complementary effect on in-store shopping travel but appeared to substitute some leisure activities. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers aiming to adapt transportation infrastructure and public services to the evolving needs of the post-pandemic era.

2020-2022 年全球 COVID-19 大流行促使休闲和购物旅行模式发生重大转变。本研究利用 2017 年、2019 年和 2023 年进行的普吉特海湾地区旅行研究的数据来调查这些变化。通过严格的统计分析（包括条件混合过程建模），我们的实证结果表明，在后大流行时代，休闲旅行和店内购物的出行比例增加了，而休闲活动的车辆行驶里程减少了。每天远程工作时间超过六小时的人，其休闲和购物的出行比例往往更高，但他们在这些活动中的汽车行驶距离却更短。在大流行病的刺激下，包裹递送量激增，对店内购物旅行产生了补充效应，但似乎替代了一些休闲活动。这些研究结果为政策制定者提供了宝贵的见解，使他们能够调整交通基础设施和公共服务，以适应后大流行病时代不断变化的需求。

引用次数: 0

Stepping towards transformation: Adaptations and functions of walking practices in the pandemic urban neighbourhood 迈向转变：大流行病城市街区步行实践的适应性和功能

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100940

Monika Pentenrieder

Many concepts of the post-pandemic urban neighbourhood transitioning into a socio-ecological and resilient future centre on walking. However, the lived experiences of walking – beyond frequencies, rationalities or specific features of the built environment – are less reflected in these concepts. This paper studies the dynamics of walking and its entanglements with practices of everyday life in an urban neighbourhood. Under the analytical lens of the COVID-19 pandemic, qualitative focus groups were conducted to explore walking experiences. The analysis of adaptations and functions of walking shows the versatility of walking practices in their flexibility and resilience. Walking in a neighbourhood that is attributed high walkability functions as a key mode in everyday coordination. Walking, however, is not exclusively pleasurable, accessible or directly conducive to a shift away from carbon-intensive everyday practices. Rather, the complex and multi-dimensional role of walking within a socio-ecological and resilient transformation requires policy and planning to address the relations of different elements and practices. The paper contributes qualitative insights to both walkability and COVID-19 transport literature, and demonstrates the benefits of a social practice perspective.

许多关于后流行病城市街区向社会生态和弹性未来过渡的概念都以步行为中心。然而，除了频率、合理性或建筑环境的具体特征之外，这些概念较少反映步行的生活体验。本文研究了步行的动态及其与城市街区日常生活实践的联系。以 COVID-19 大流行病为分析视角，开展了定性焦点小组活动，以探讨步行体验。对步行的适应性和功能的分析表明，步行的灵活性和复原力是多方面的。在适宜步行程度较高的社区，步行是日常协调的一种重要方式。然而，步行并不完全是一种愉悦、方便或直接有助于摆脱碳密集型日常行为的方式。相反，步行在社会生态和弹性转型中发挥着复杂而多维的作用，需要政策和规划来处理不同要素和实践之间的关系。本文为步行能力和 COVID-19 交通文献提供了定性见解，并展示了社会实践视角的益处。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the red and green: Effects of rational and irrational factors in pedestrian choice at two-stage signalized crossings with independent phases 红绿灯之外：两阶段独立信号灯路口行人选择中理性和非理性因素的影响

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION

Travel Behaviour and Society

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100955

Dianchen Zhu , Ya Gao , Xiaodong Chen , Zhongxiang Feng , Ho-Yin Chan , Mingming Zhao

Pedestrian safety warrants significant attention, specifically red-light violation behavior at these two-stage signalized crossings. Distinct from pedestrian behaviors at one-stage crossings, the decision-making processes at two-stage signalized intersections can be influenced by the signal conditions of the subsequent crossing stage. Moreover, the rational assessment of trade-offs between time and safety may shift under different situational conditions at two-stage intersections. To investigate these dynamics, the current study employs a stated preference (SP) survey to elucidate the factors influencing pedestrian crossing decisions at two-stage signalized crossings. A random parameter random regret multinomial logit model is utilized to quantify the probabilities of different crossing behaviors. The results demonstrate the presence of a green signal at the subsequent stage is positively with the likelihood of red light violation at the current stage, suggesting a predominant preference for time-saving over rule adherence, despite associated risks. Intriguingly, individuals characterized by low risk-taking and time-saving proclivities exhibit a significantly greater likelihood of red light running. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of pedestrian behavior, offering strategic insights for behavioral interventions and transportation planning, such as optimizing signal time plan, implementing advanced transportation facilities, improving junction design and enhancing deterrence measures, thereby enhancing safety and promoting walkability in urban environments.

行人安全问题，尤其是这些两段式信号灯交叉路口的闯红灯行为，值得高度关注。与单段式交叉路口的行人行为不同，两段式信号灯交叉路口的决策过程会受到后续交叉路口信号灯条件的影响。此外，在两阶段交叉路口的不同情景条件下，对时间和安全之间权衡的合理评估可能会发生变化。为了研究这些动态变化，本研究采用了陈述偏好（SP）调查，以阐明影响行人在两阶段信号灯控制交叉路口过街决策的因素。研究采用了随机参数随机遗憾多叉 Logit 模型来量化不同过街行为的概率。结果表明，下一阶段绿灯信号的出现与当前阶段闯红灯的可能性呈正相关，这表明尽管存在相关风险，但人们更倾向于节省时间而不是遵守规则。耐人寻味的是，风险承担和节省时间倾向较低的个体闯红灯的可能性明显更大。这些发现有助于深入了解行人行为，为行为干预和交通规划（如优化信号灯时间计划、实施先进的交通设施、改进路口设计和加强威慑措施）提供战略性见解，从而提高城市环境的安全性和步行便利性。

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引用次数: 0