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Women on board and business performance 董事会中的女性与企业绩效
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1108/fs-10-2023-0217
Rabia Najaf, Alice Chin, Agnes Chin, Khakan Najaf, Jeyanthi Thuraisingham

Purpose

This study aims to examine the association between women on board and business performance. It also aims to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and female directors on stock prices, including the function of female directors in moderating the CSR–market performance link that ultimately provides valuable insights into the impact of gender diversity on corporate boards.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from US publicly listed firms between 2000 and 2018 were collected and analysed using OLS regression, median regression, M-estimator regression and MM-estimator regression at 70% and 95% efficiency. In this study, firm market value was measured through Tobin’s Q, board diversity with ISS database and CSR strength and concern with the KLD database.

Findings

The results indicated that CSR positively impacts market performance by 3.1%, female board representation positively influences market performance by 4.8% and female board members strengthen the CSR–market performance relationship by 1.0% while playing a moderating role. Overall, these studies demonstrated the significance of female boards of directors for enhancing market performance.

Research limitations/implications

This study used the data of US-listed firms from 2000 to 2018. The results have contributed to the ongoing discussion about the importance of gender diversity in boards and its influence on firm success. Further research works are suggested to expand the analysis by including other countries or considering additional factors that may influence the association between CSR, board representation of women and market share.

Practical implications

This study is essential for investors, legislators and CSR institutions in developed countries. The favourable impact of female board presence on market performance and the enhancement of the CSR–market performance relationship highlight the necessity of encouraging gender diversity on boards of directors and CSR activities.

Social implications

This study emphasises the significance of gender balance on corporate boards in solving important social challenges including climate change, resource scarcity and gender equality. Companies can actively assist in addressing global issues and improving the well-being of stakeholders by promoting gender-diverse boards and encouraging CSR efforts.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first study demonstrating that gender diversity on corporate boards moderates the significant association between CSR performance and profitability in the USA. It has contributed to the expanding body of information regarding the moderating influence of female directors on firm value and stronger eviden

目的 本研究旨在探讨董事会中的女性与企业业绩之间的关联。它还旨在研究企业社会责任(CSR)和女性董事对股票价格的影响,包括女性董事在调节企业社会责任与市场绩效之间联系方面的作用,最终为性别多元化对企业董事会的影响提供有价值的见解。设计/方法/方法收集了 2000 年至 2018 年期间美国上市公司的数据,并使用 OLS 回归、中位数回归、M-估计器回归和 MM-估计器回归在 70% 和 95% 的效率下进行分析。研究结果表明,企业社会责任对市场绩效的正向影响为 3.1%,女性董事会代表对市场绩效的正向影响为 4.8%,女性董事会成员对企业社会责任-市场绩效关系的强化为 1.0%,同时起到调节作用。总体而言,这些研究证明了女性董事会对提升市场绩效的重要意义。研究局限/意义本研究使用了 2000 年至 2018 年美国上市公司的数据。研究结果有助于当前关于董事会性别多元化的重要性及其对公司成功的影响的讨论。建议进一步开展研究工作,通过纳入其他国家或考虑可能影响企业社会责任、董事会女性代表和市场份额之间关联的其他因素来扩大分析范围。 实际意义本研究对发达国家的投资者、立法者和企业社会责任机构至关重要。女性董事对市场表现的有利影响,以及企业社会责任与市场表现之间关系的增强,凸显了鼓励董事会和企业社会责任活动中性别多元化的必要性。社会意义本研究强调了企业董事会中的性别平衡对解决气候变化、资源稀缺和性别平等等重要社会挑战的重要意义。据作者所知,本研究首次证明,在美国,企业董事会中的性别多样性可以调节企业社会责任绩效与盈利能力之间的显著关联。该研究有助于扩大有关女性董事对公司价值的调节作用的信息量,并为女性董事参与企业治理提供更有力的证据。
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引用次数: 0
Integration of quantum physics theories to understand open government data (OGD) adoption by the government 结合量子物理学理论理解政府采用开放式政府数据 (OGD) 的情况
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.1108/fs-05-2023-0097
Charalampos Alexopoulos, Stuti Saxena

Purpose

This paper aims to further the understanding of Open Government Data (OGD) adoption by the government by invoking two quantum physics theories – percolation theory and expander graph theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Extant research on the barriers to adoption and rollout of OGD is reviewed to drive home the research question for the present study. Both the theories are summarized, and lessons are derived therefrom for answering the research question.

Findings

The percolation theory solves the riddle of why the OGD initiatives find it difficult to seep across the hierarchical and geographical levels of any administrative division. The expander graph theory builds the understanding of the need for having networking among and within the key government personnel for bolstering the motivation and capacity building of the operational personnel linked with the OGD initiative. The theoretical understanding also aids in the implementation and institutionalization of OGD in general.

Originality/value

Intersectionality of domains for conducting research on any theme is always a need. Given the fact that there are innumerable challenges regarding the adoption of OGD by the governments across the world, the application of the two theories of quantum physics might solve the quandary in a befitting way.

本文旨在通过引用两个量子物理学理论--渗流理论和扩展图理论--来进一步了解政府采用开放式政府数据(OGD)的情况。研究结果渗透理论解开了为什么开放式治理发展计划难以跨越任何行政区划的等级和地理层级的谜题。扩展图理论使人们认识到,需要在关键政府人员之间和内部建立联系,以提高与开放式政府发展倡议相关的业务人员的积极性和能力建设。原创性/价值在对任何主题进行研究时,总是需要领域的交叉性。鉴于世界各国政府在采用 OGD 方面面临着无数挑战,应用量子物理学的两种理论可能会恰如其分地解决这一难题。
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引用次数: 0
Whistleblowing and interpretation, addressing organizational challenges: a conceptual reflection from Nigeria 举报与解释,应对组织挑战:来自尼日利亚的概念性思考
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1108/fs-05-2023-0104
Daniel E. Ufua, Fawwad M. Butt, Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan

Purpose

This study aims to explore the effect of whistleblowing and interpretation among practitioners in the Nigerian economy. The research puts a premium on understanding the relevance and critical issues in its practices and developing an improved model for the effective practice of whistleblowing and interpretation in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a conceptual approach, relying on extant literature to understand the management of whistleblowing incidents and identify the managers’ and other stakeholders’ responsibility in the whistleblowing process. It applied systems dynamics conceptual modelling and presented an improvement approach to addressing the complexities associated with whistleblowing and interpretation among Nigerian organizations.

Findings

This study contributed to the extant literature by developing a model for proper management of whistleblowing in the Nigerian context and enhancing the robust practice of whistleblowing and interpretation in Nigeria. The findings highlighted critical factors such as managers’ skills development, legal system support, institutional stakeholders’ function and ethical balance as key factors to effective whistleblowing management and interpretation. This implies that the act of identifying and developing responses to an emerging case of whistleblowing requires a process of developing underpinning assumptions, engagement and consideration of stakeholders’ interests while driving the sustenance of organizational focus.

Originality/value

This study emphasized the departure from absolute best practice to developing idea approaches that reflect stakeholders’ interests and the context of whistleblowing and interpretation. While the study acknowledges limitations in the sole focus on the Nigerian private sector and the Nigerian economic background, it recommends further exploration of whistleblowing and its interpretation on a comparative approach, to improving the current understanding of the topic.

目的本研究旨在探讨尼日利亚经济从业人员举报和解释的效果。研究重点在于了解其实践中的相关性和关键问题,并为尼日利亚举报和解释的有效实践开发一个改进模型。本研究采用概念方法,依靠现有文献了解举报事件的管理,并确定管理人员和其他利益相关者在举报过程中的责任。研究应用了系统动力学概念模型,并提出了一种改进方法,以解决尼日利亚各组织中与举报和解释相关的复杂问题。 研究结果这项研究为现有文献做出了贡献,为尼日利亚背景下的举报适当管理开发了一个模型,并加强了尼日利亚举报和解释的有力实践。研究结果强调,管理人员的技能发展、法律制度支持、机构利益相关者的职能和道德平衡等关键因素是有效管理和解释举报的关键因素。这意味着,在确定和制定对新出现的举报案件的应对措施时,需要发展基本假设、参与和考虑利益相关者的利益,同时推动组织重点的持续发展。虽然本研究承认仅关注尼日利亚私营部门和尼日利亚经济背景存在局限性,但建议进一步探讨举报及其解释的比较方法,以改善当前对该主题的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Unlocking sustainability: the dynamic nexus of organizational support, identification, and green HRM practices in cultivating pro-environmental excellence 开启可持续性:组织支持、认同和绿色人力资源管理实践在培养卓越环保人才方面的动态联系
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1108/fs-03-2023-0037
Junaid Saeed, Nasir Mehmood, Saima Aftab, Sobia Irum, Ashfaq Muhammad
PurposeThere is a growing need to promote and practice sustainable HRM to foster greener organizations with trained employees who have an attitude and behavior to preserve depleting resources. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of sustainable green human resource management (Green HRM) practices along with organizational identification (OI) as a mediating factor and perceived organizational support (POS) as a moderating factor.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative methodology was used, and the data were collected from 311 employees working in telecommunication organizations located in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Results of the study are based on the structural equation modeling technique using Smart-PLS.FindingsFindings revealed that OI proved to be a significant positive mediator between Green HRM and organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment. POS also proved to be a significant moderator on the relationship between Green HRM and OI.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to the two cities of Pakistan; future studies can focus on more cities so that the results can be more generalized.Practical implicationsThis study will especially be useful for HR practitioners to develop mechanisms to initiate and encourage sustainable HR practices.Social implicationsOrganizations’ positive position is established through the inculcation of green activities among their employees. Thus, a sense of responsibility and attachment among employees toward green behavior makes them good citizens. It also works well for their organization as well as for the environment. Moreover, it preserves environmental resources and helps ensure sustainability.Originality/valueThe research paper was aimed at exploring the importance of sustainable Green HRM practices in a developing country like Pakistan.
目的现在越来越需要促进和实践可持续人力资源管理,以培养更环保的组织,使其拥有训练有素的员工,他们的态度和行为能够保护日益枯竭的资源。本研究旨在强调可持续绿色人力资源管理(Green HRM)实践的重要性,同时将组织认同(OI)作为中介因素,将感知到的组织支持(POS)作为调节因素。研究采用定量方法,数据收集自巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第和伊斯兰堡双城电信组织的 311 名员工。研究结果基于使用 Smart-PLS 的结构方程建模技术。研究结果研究结果表明,OI 被证明是绿色人力资源管理与组织环境公民行为之间的重要正向中介。研究的局限性/启示这项研究仅限于巴基斯坦的两个城市,今后的研究可以关注更多的城市,从而使研究结果更具普遍性。社会影响通过向员工灌输绿色活动,组织的积极地位得以确立。因此,员工对绿色行为的责任感和依恋使他们成为好公民。这不仅有利于组织,也有利于环境。此外,它还能保护环境资源,有助于确保可持续发展。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring access-based consumption in last-mile logistics: a customer foresight study 探索 "最后一英里 "物流中基于访问的消费:一项客户前瞻性研究
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1108/fs-09-2023-0175
Pauli Komonen

Purpose

Due to e-commerce growth, technological advancements and environmental concerns, developing a more nuanced service portfolio has become a critical issue for last-mile logistics service providers. Concurrently, consumers are adopting new modes of consumption. This paper aims to investigate the potential for last-mile logistics service providers to act as intermediaries in access-based consumption and to revitalise their service offerings through product-service systems – a pioneering strategy not executed in the market yet.

Design/methodology/approach

This strategic customer foresight study uses a quantitative survey of 1,000 respondents and an online focus group comprising 10 early adopter consumers to investigate emerging last-mile service models. Potential service concepts were identified through the survey, and two distinct concepts were subsequently selected for evaluation and co-development within the focus group. The research was conducted in partnership with an SME logistics company in Finland.

Findings

The consumers expressed selective interest in access-based consumption related to the proposed offering of essential household goods. Young adults and consumers in early middle age living in the city centre emerged as the most potential user groups. Economic reasons and short-term needs were the primary motivations for adopting access-based consumption.

Practical implications

The study showed that engaging consumers in a customer foresight process is viable for SMEs innovating their offerings and demonstrates how the process works in practice.

Originality/value

Documented cases of customer integration into foresight processes are rare in earlier research, and this paper extends the knowledge base through a multidisciplinary examination of future consumer behaviour in the last-mile logistics domain. The paper also expands the limited literature on the role of logistics in access-based consumption.

目的由于电子商务的发展、技术进步和对环境的关注,开发更细致的服务组合已成为最后一英里物流服务供应商面临的关键问题。与此同时,消费者也在采用新的消费模式。本文旨在研究 "最后一英里 "物流服务提供商在基于接入的消费中充当中间商的潜力,并通过产品服务系统重振其服务产品--这是一种尚未在市场上实施的开创性战略。设计/方法/方法这项战略性客户前瞻研究使用了一项针对 1000 名受访者的定量调查和一个由 10 名早期消费者组成的在线焦点小组,以调查新兴的 "最后一英里 "服务模式。通过调查确定了潜在的服务概念,随后在焦点小组中选择了两个不同的概念进行评估和共同开发。研究是与芬兰的一家中小型物流公司合作进行的。研究结果消费者对基于获取的消费表示了选择性的兴趣,这与建议提供的基本家庭用品有关。居住在市中心的年轻人和中年消费者成为最有潜力的用户群体。研究结果表明,让消费者参与客户前瞻过程对于中小企业创新产品是可行的,并展示了这一过程在实践中是如何运作的。 原创性/价值在早期研究中,将客户融入前瞻过程的文献案例并不多见,本文通过对最后一英里物流领域未来消费者行为的多学科研究,扩展了知识库。本文还扩展了有关物流在基于获取的消费中的作用的有限文献。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of forecasting models for improved passenger market management and rolling stock planning on Indian railways 评估预测模型以改进印度铁路客运市场管理和机车车辆规划
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1108/fs-09-2022-0105
Vinod Bhatia, K. Kalaivani

Purpose

Indian railways (IR) is one of the largest railway networks in the world. As a part of its strategic development initiative, demand forecasting can be one of the indispensable activities, as it may provide basic inputs for planning and control of various activities such as coach production, planning new trains, coach augmentation and quota redistribution. The purpose of this study is to suggest an approach to demand forecasting for IR management.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study is carried out, wherein several models i.e. automated autoregressive integrated moving average (auto-ARIMA), trigonometric regressors (TBATS), Holt–Winters additive model, Holt–Winters multiplicative model, simple exponential smoothing and simple moving average methods have been tested. As per requirements of IR management, the adopted research methodology is predominantly discursive, and the passenger reservation patterns over a five-year period covering a most representative train service for the past five years have been employed. The relative error matrix and the Akaike information criterion have been used to compare the performance of various models. The Diebold–Mariano test was conducted to examine the accuracy of models.

Findings

The coach production strategy has been proposed on the most suitable auto-ARIMA model. Around 6,000 railway coaches per year have been produced in the past 3 years by IR. As per the coach production plan for the year 2023–2024, a tentative 6551 coaches of various types have been planned for production. The insights gained from this paper may facilitate need-based coach manufacturing and optimum utilization of the inventory.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on rail ticket demand forecasting and adds value to the process of rolling stock management. The proposed model can be a comprehensive decision-making tool to plan for new train services and assess the rolling stock production requirement on any railway system. The analysis may help in making demand predictions for the busy season, and the management can make important decisions about the pricing of services.

目的印度铁路公司(IR)是世界上最大的铁路网络之一。作为其战略发展举措的一部分,需求预测是不可或缺的活动之一,因为它可以为客车生产、新列车规划、客车扩充和配额再分配等各种活动的规划和控制提供基本投入。本研究的目的是为 IR 管理提出一种需求预测方法。我们进行了一项案例研究,测试了几种模型,即自动自回归综合移动平均法(auto-ARIMA)、三角回归法(TBATS)、霍尔特-温特斯加法模型、霍尔特-温特斯乘法模型、简单指数平滑法和简单移动平均法。根据投资者关系管理的要求,所采用的研究方法主要是辨证法,并采用了过去五年中最具代表性的列车服务五年内的乘客预订模式。相对误差矩阵和 Akaike 信息标准被用来比较各种模型的性能。研究结果根据最合适的自动-ARIMA 模型提出了客车生产策略。在过去 3 年中,IR 每年生产约 6,000 辆铁路客车。根据 2023-2024 年的客车生产计划,暂定生产 6551 辆不同类型的客车。从本文中获得的启示可促进基于需求的客车生产和库存的优化利用。原创性/价值本研究为铁路票务需求预测方面的文献做出了贡献,并为机车车辆管理过程增加了价值。所提出的模型可作为一种综合决策工具,用于规划新的列车服务和评估任何铁路系统的机车车辆生产需求。该分析有助于对旺季的需求进行预测,管理层可对服务定价做出重要决策。
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引用次数: 0
Future study of revenue sources in the social security organization with the scenario planning approach 利用情景规划方法对社会保障组织收入来源的未来研究
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.1108/fs-11-2022-0165
Seyed Hadi Arabi, Mohammad Hasan Maleki, Hamed Ansari

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers and future scenarios of Iran’s Social Security Organization.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is applied in terms of orientation and mixed in terms of methodology. In this research, the methods of theme analysis, root definitions, fuzzy Delphi and Cocoso were used. The theoretical population is the managers and senior experts of the social security organization, and the sampling method was done in a judgmental way. The tools of data collection were interviews and questionnaires. The interview tool was used to extract the main and subdrivers of the research and develop the scenarios.

Findings

Through theme analysis, 35 subdrivers were extracted in the form of economic, sociocultural, financial and investment, policy, marketing, environmental and legal themes. Due to the large number of subdrivers, these factors were screened with fuzzy Delphi. Eleven drivers had defuzzied coefficient higher than 0.7 and were selected for final prioritization. The final drivers were prioritized with the CoCoSo technique, and the two drivers of social security holdings governance and state of government revenues had the highest priority. Based on these two drivers, four scenarios of prosperity, resilient social security, unstable development and collapse have been developed.

Originality/value

Some of the suggestions of the research are: using the capacity of FinTechs and financial startups to invest the government revenues of the organization, using digital technologies such as business intelligence for more efficient decisions and developing corporate governance in the organization.

目的本研究的目的是确定伊朗社会保障组织的驱动因素和未来情景。本研究采用了主题分析法、根定义法、模糊德尔菲法和可可索法。理论研究对象为社会保障机构的管理人员和高级专家,抽样方法为判断法。数据收集工具是访谈和问卷。通过主题分析,提取了 35 个子驱动因素,分别为经济、社会文化、金融与投资、政策、营销、环境和法律主题。由于子驱动因素较多,我们对这些因素进行了模糊德尔菲筛选。有 11 个驱动因素的模糊系数高于 0.7,被选中进行最后的优先排序。采用 CoCoSo 技术对最终驱动因素进行了优先排序,其中社会保险持有治理和政府收入状况这两个驱动因素的优先级最高。在这两个驱动因素的基础上,形成了繁荣、有弹性的社会保障、不稳定的发展和崩溃四种情景。原创性/价值本研究的一些建议包括:利用金融科技公司和金融初创企业的能力对组织的政府收入进行投资,利用商业智能等数字技术提高决策效率,以及发展组织的公司治理。
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引用次数: 0
Mission-oriented scenarios in “Turin 2030 – future proof” project 都灵 2030--面向未来 "项目中以任务为导向的设想方案
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1108/fs-06-2023-0119
Claudio Marciano, Alex Fergnani, Alberto Robiati

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to propose an innovative and efficient process in urban policy-making that combines a divergent and creative method with a convergent and strategic one. At the same time, the purpose is also to propose a useful innovation to enforce the usability of both methods. On the one hand, mission-oriented policies run the risk of being overly focused on the present and of not being able to develop preparedness in organization. On the other hand, scenario development has the reverse problem it often does not point out how to use scenario narratives to inform and devise short-term strategic actions.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper proposes an innovative methodological approach, the mission-oriented scenarios, which hybridizes Mazzucato's mission-oriented public policy framework with Jim Dator's Manoa school four futures method. The proposed methodological innovation emerges from a urban foresight academic-led project carried out in the context of the Metropolitan City of Turin, Italy, where a first application of the mission-oriented scenarios was tested on six different focal issues (from reindustrialization to cultural policies) and the scenario narratives were used as sources for the grounding of 12 missions and 48 strategic actions towards 2030.

Findings

Mission-oriented scenarios can contribute to the generation of more sustainable and inclusive urban public policies. This methodological proposal is based on an original mix of knowledge exchange procedures borrowed from methodological approaches with different backgrounds: the mission-oriented and the archetypal scenarios. Their conjunction could support the formulation of ambitious yet pragmatic policies, giving a plurality of actors the opportunity to act and establish fruitful and lasting partnerships.

Originality/value

The paper reconstructs one of the first urban foresight projects carried out in a major Italian city by two prestigious universities and exposes a methodological innovation resulting from reflection on the strengths and weaknesses of the project, which opens the door to the development of a new scenario technique.

本研究的目的是提出一种创新和高效的城市决策程序,它将发散性和创造性方法与聚合性和 战略性方法相结合。同时,目的还在于提出一种有益的创新,以加强这两种方法的可用性。一方面,以任务为导向的政策有可能过于关注当前,而无法在组织结构中培养备灾能力。设计/方法/方法 本文提出了一种创新的方法论--任务导向情景,它将马祖卡托的任务导向公共政策框架与吉姆-达托的马诺阿学派四种未来方法混合在一起。在意大利都灵大都会开展的一个由学术界主导的城市展望项目中,首次应用了以使命为导向的情景模拟法,对六个不同的焦点问题(从再工业化到文化政策)进行了测试,并将情景模拟法的叙述作为基础,制定了面向 2030 年的 12 项使命和 48 项战略行动。这一方法论建议基于从不同背景的方法论中借鉴的知识交流程序的原创组合:任务导向情景和原型情景。它们的结合可以为制定雄心勃勃但又务实的政策提供支持,让多方参与者有机会采取行动并建立富有成果的持久合作关系。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of driving factors influencing vaccine policy in Iran: a cross-impact analysis 影响伊朗疫苗政策的驱动因素分析:交叉影响分析
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1108/fs-05-2022-0050
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Salime Goharinezhad, Ali Amirkafi, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Abdolreza Esteghamati

Purpose

Despite significant progress in Iran's immunization programs, vaccine policymaking in the country still faces various challenges and shortcomings. To address these issues and ensure sustained progress toward achieving comprehensive vaccination policies, it is essential to identify the critical factors influencing vaccine policies in Iran. Our study aims to provide evidence-based insights that can inform the development of effective and equitable vaccine strategies, leading to a more sustainable and efficient approach to vaccination in the country.

Design/methodology/approach

This mixed-method study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the future of human vaccine policy using Cross Impact Analysis. Firstly, a scoping review was conducted to identify the factors affecting the future of human vaccine development. Secondly, a semi-structured interview was conducted with experts in this field to add more factors and confirm the identified factors within the Iranian context. Finally, a Cross-Impact Analysis (CIA) approach was applied to comprehend the complex relationships between the identified factors. Thematic analysis was used for the qualitative data, and MICMAC analysis was applied to characterize the relationships between the factors.

Findings

Seventeen key driving force factors were identified through comprehensive review and interviews. These factors were assigned weighted values ranging from zero to three and subsequently analyzed using MICMAC software. Employing the Cross-Impact Analysis (CIA) technique, the study characterized the impact of each factor on vaccine policy and elucidated the intricate interactions between them. The findings underscored that robust leadership and governance, an innovative ecosystem, and well-established immunization information systems emerged as pivotal driving forces shaping vaccine policy in Iran.

Research limitations/implications

While this study contributes valuable insights into the driving factors influencing vaccine policy in Iran, it is important to acknowledge several limitations. The results rely on the subjective perceptions of a diverse group of specialists, and future research could delve into additional factors in other countries to identify common themes and differences.

Practical implications

This study provides evidence to assist policymakers in making informed decisions regarding vaccines in Iran. The findings suggest that enhancing access to vaccines, fostering trust in the healthcare system, and prioritizing equity in distribution can contribute to increased vaccination rates and a reduction in vaccine-preventable diseases.

Originality/value

This study provides a unique contribution to the field of vaccine policy by utilizing the cross-impact analysis to examine the

目的尽管伊朗的免疫接种计划取得了重大进展,但该国的疫苗政策制定仍然面临着各种挑战和缺陷。为了解决这些问题并确保在实现全面疫苗接种政策方面取得持续进展,必须找出影响伊朗疫苗政策的关键因素。我们的研究旨在提供以证据为基础的见解,为制定有效、公平的疫苗战略提供信息,从而在该国实现更可持续、更高效的疫苗接种方法。设计/方法/方法这项混合方法研究旨在利用交叉影响分析法分析影响未来人类疫苗政策的因素。首先,进行了范围审查,以确定影响未来人用疫苗发展的因素。其次,对该领域的专家进行了半结构式访谈,以增加更多因素,并在伊朗的背景下确认已确定的因素。最后,采用交叉影响分析 (CIA) 方法来理解已确定因素之间的复杂关系。对定性数据采用了主题分析法,对各因素之间的关系采用了 MICMAC 分析法。这些因素的加权值从 0 到 3 不等,随后使用 MICMAC 软件进行了分析。研究采用交叉影响分析 (CIA) 技术,描述了每个因素对疫苗政策的影响,并阐明了它们之间错综复杂的相互作用。研究结果强调,强有力的领导和管理、创新的生态系统以及完善的免疫信息系统是影响伊朗疫苗政策的关键驱动力。研究局限性/意义虽然本研究为了解影响伊朗疫苗政策的驱动因素提供了宝贵的见解,但必须承认存在一些局限性。研究结果依赖于不同专家群体的主观看法,今后的研究可以深入探讨其他国家的其他因素,以确定共同的主题和差异。研究结果表明,提高疫苗的可及性、促进对医疗保健系统的信任以及优先考虑分配的公平性可有助于提高疫苗接种率和减少疫苗可预防疾病的发生。分析结果表明,这些相互作用会对整个系统产生重大影响,从而突出了政策制定者在制定有效战略时考虑多种因素的必要性。通过揭示这些相互作用的重要性,本研究为制定成功的政策提供了宝贵的见解,从而为伊朗的疫苗政策塑造一个理想的未来。未来的研究可通过应用其他方法论来验证本研究的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Setting S&T perspective priorities in an era of complexity and uncertainty: a case for megacities 在复杂和不确定的时代确定科技前景的优先事项:特大城市案例
IF 2 Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1108/fs-10-2023-0215
Alexander Chulok, Maxim Kotsemir, Yadviga Radomirova, Sergey Shashnov

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to create a methodological approach for identifying priority areas for science and technology (S&T) development and its empirical application within the city of Moscow. This research uncovers a wide range of multicultural and multidisciplinary global trends that will affect the development of major cities in an era of complexity and uncertainty, including the inherent complexity of urban contexts, demographic and socioeconomic trends, as well as scientific and ecological factors.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodological approach is based on classic foresight instruments. Its novelty lays in the blending of qualitative and quantitative methods specially selected as the most appropriate for the identification of S&T areas in an era of complexity and uncertainty, including horizon scanning, bibliometric analysis, expert surveys and the construction of composite indexes with respect to the scope and resources of the research and the selected object for empirical application – Moscow, which is one of the world’s largest megacities. The analysis was performed for the period of 2009–2018 and expert procedures took place in 2019.

Findings

As a result, 25 global trends were identified, evaluated and discussed over the course of an expert survey and subsequent expert events. Ten priority areas of S&T development were determined, including 62 technological sub-areas within them and the most important market niches for all identified technological sub-areas, which could be useful for the world’s megacities. The results of this study are illustrated using the construction sector. Based on the conducted research and results, a list of recommendations on S&T policy measures and instruments were suggested, including the creation of the Moscow Innovation Cluster, which by the end of 2023 contained more than 6,000 projects and initiatives, selected using the findings of this investigation.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the existing literature and research agenda of setting priorities for S&T development and shows how it can be done for a megacity. The blended foresight methodology that was created within the study satisfies the criteria of scientific originality, is repeatable for any interested researcher, is applicable to any other city in the world and demonstrates its high efficiency in empirical application. It could be used for creating new agenda items in S&T policy, setting S&T priorities for a megacity and integrating the results into decision-making processes. This study provides recommendations on the further implementation of the designed methodology and results into a policymaking system. Moreover, the example of the Moscow Innovation Cluster, which was created based on the results of our research, demonstrates these recommendations

本研究的目的是为确定科学技术(S&T)发展的优先领域及其在莫斯科市的实证应用创建一种方法论。这项研究揭示了在复杂和不确定的时代将影响大城市发展的各种多文化和多学科全球趋势,包括城市环境的内在复杂性、人口和社会经济趋势,以及科学和生态因素。它的新颖之处在于融合了定性和定量方法,这些方法都是专门为在复杂和不确定的时代确定科技领域而选择的最合适的方法,其中包括前景扫描、文献计量分析、专家调查以及根据研究范围和资源以及选定的实证应用对象--莫斯科(世界上最大的特大城市之一)--构建综合指数。分析的时间跨度为 2009-2018 年,专家程序于 2019 年进行。结果通过专家调查和随后的专家活动,确定、评估和讨论了 25 种全球趋势。确定了科技发展的十个优先领域,包括其中的 62 个技术子领域,以及所有确定的技术子领域中最重要的市场利基,这些对世界上的特大城市都可能有用。研究结果以建筑业为例进行说明。根据所进行的研究和结果,提出了一系列关于科技政策措施和手段的建议,其中包括创建莫斯科创新集群,到 2023 年底,该集群将包含 6000 多个项目和倡议,这些项目和倡议都是利用本次调查的结果筛选出来的。 原创性/价值 本研究为现有文献和研究议程设定科技发展优先事项做出了贡献,并展示了如何为特大城市设定优先事项。研究中创建的混合展望方法符合科学原创性的标准,任何感兴趣的研究人员都可以重复使用,适用于世界上任何其他城市,并证明了其在经验应用中的高效性。它可用于制定科技政策的新议程项目、确定特大城市的科技优先事项以及将结果纳入决策过程。本研究为进一步将所设计的方法和结果落实到决策系统中提供了建议。此外,根据我们的研究成果创建的莫斯科创新集群的例子也证明了这些建议在现实生活中的实际意义,这是非常有价值的。本研究的局限性在于,它不是直接针对城市规划问题或促进研发领域的发展,而是在特大城市充满复杂性和不确定性的时代,确定有前途的科技优先事项。
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引用次数: 0
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Foresight
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