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A Feasibility Evaluation of the Incredible Years® School Readiness Parenting Programme 不可思议的岁月®学校准备育儿计划的可行性评估
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-01-20 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a2
J. Hutchings, Kirstie L. Pye, T. Bywater, Margiad E. Williams
espanolRESUMEN La implicacion de las figuras parentales en la educacion de sus hijos e hijas, incluyendo las actividades llevadas a cabo en el hogar, y una buena relacion familia-escuela, contribuye al rendimiento academico de los ninos y las ninas. Este estudio evalua la viabilidad de la implementacion del programa Incredible Years® School Readiness (IY-SR), su aceptacion por parte de las familias y de los maestros y las maestras, su impacto en la relacion familia-escuela y los resultados preliminares de su efectividad. Treinta y dos figuras parentales con hijos e hijas en guarderia o en escuela infantil fueron captadas en ocho centros. Los dinamizadores y las figuras parentales mostraron una respuesta positiva hacia el programa y la asistencia de las familias a este fue alta. Ademas, se incremento el uso de elogios por parte de las figuras parentales y las respuestas positivas de sus hijos e hijas. Este es el primer estudio que demuestra la viabilidad de involucrar a los centros educativos en la implementacion del programa IY-SR como medio para promover la relacion familia-escuela y capacitar a las figuras parentales para fomentar las competencias de sus hijos e hijas en su preparacion para la escuela. EnglishABSTRACT Parental involvement in their children's education, including activities undertaken by parents at home and through strong links with their children's schools, contributes to children's academic attainment. This study examined whether it was feasible for school-based staff to deliver the Incredible Years® School Readiness parent programme (IY-SR) in schools, its acceptability to parents and teachers, its impact on home-school relationships, and preliminary programme impact. Thirty-two parents with a child in a nursery or reception class were recruited from eight schools. Group leaders and parents gave positive feedback about the programme and parental attendance on the programme was high. There were also significant increases in parents' use of praise and children's positive responses. This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of engaging schools to deliver the IY-SR programme as a means of promoting home-school relationships and providing parents with the skills to coach their children's school readiness skills.
本研究的目的是评估在学校和家庭环境中对儿童和青少年的影响,以及在学校和家庭环境中对儿童和青少年的影响。本研究评估了不可思议岁月®学校准备(IY-SR)计划实施的可行性、家庭和教师对该计划的接受程度、对家庭-学校关系的影响以及其有效性的初步结果。在8个中心收集了32名有子女在幼儿园或幼儿园的父母。在这个项目中,家长和教职员工对项目表现出积极的反应,家庭的出勤率很高。此外,父母对表扬的使用和他们的儿子和女儿的积极回应也在增加。这是第一次研究表明与教育机构的可行性实施方案IY-SR,以此促进关系familia-escuela图家长培训,以促进能力的儿子和女儿preparacion给学校。家长参与子女教育,包括家长在家中开展的活动,并通过与子女学校的密切联系,为子女的学术成就作出贡献。本研究考察了以学校为基础的工作人员在学校实施“不可思议的岁月®学校准备家长计划”(IY-SR)的可行性、家长和教师对该计划的接受程度、对家庭-学校关系的影响以及该计划的初步影响。从8所学校招募了32名家长和一个孩子在幼儿园或接待班。小组领导和家长对该项目给予了积极的反馈,家长参加该项目的人数也很高。开展gains也存在父母“use of要赞美and children’s的对策。这是第一次表明有可能让学校参与实施IY-SR方案,作为促进家庭与学校关系的手段,并为家长提供技能,以指导其子女的学校准备技能的研究。
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引用次数: 4
Controlling Behaviors in Couple Relationships in the Digital Age: Acceptability of Gender Violence, Sexism, and Myths about Romantic Love 数字时代夫妻关系中的控制行为:性别暴力、性别歧视和浪漫爱情神话的可接受性
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-01-16 DOI: 10.5093/pi2020a1
M. D. Sánchez-Hernández, M. Carmen Herrera-Enríquez, Francisca Expósito
espanolRESUMEN Con las tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion (TIC) y su influencia en la socializacion, los jovenes han incorporado un instrumento mas para ejercer comportamientos controladores en sus relaciones de pareja. Esta investigacion pretende analizar la influencia de algunas variables que afectan a la percepcion social de estos comportamientos controladores, como el rol del participante en el escenario (protagonista vs. observador u observadora) y el medio de control utilizado (cara a cara vs. WhatsApp), considerando el efecto de las variables ideologicas: aceptabilidad de la violencia, sexismo y mitos del amor romantico. Se llevaron a cabo dos estudios: un primer estudio con mujeres (n = 224) y uno segundo con hombres (n = 120), todos ellos estudiantes universitarios. Los principales resultados indicaron que tanto mujeres como hombres observan comportamientos controladores en otras parejas de su edad, aunque pocos reconocen sufrir o ejercer estos comportamientos en sus relaciones. Asimismo, se encuentra que el rol que se ocupa en el escenario y las variables ideologicas (sexismo ambivalente, aceptabilidad de la violencia y mitos sobre el amor romantico) influyen en la percepcion social de la violencia en la pareja, si bien no se encontro influencia del medio de control. Estos hallazgos constituyen una aportacion a la literatura existente, poniendo en evidencia que los comportamientos controladores ejercidos a traves de los medios tecnologicos son aceptados y normalizados entre los jovenes y las jovenes. Asimismo, proporciona datos novedosos sobre la percepcion social que esta poblacion tiene de los comportamientos controladores en las relaciones en funcion de si se adopta el rol de observador o de protagonista de la situacion violenta. EnglishABSTRACT Young people have incorporated information and communication technology (ICT) and its influence on socialization as a new instrument to exercise controlling behaviors in their relationships. The present research aims to analyse the influence of some variables that affect social perception of those controlling behaviors, such as the adopted role on the scene (i.e., protagonist vs. observer) and means of control that is used (i.e., face-to-face vs. WhatsApp) while considering the effect of attitudinal variables: acceptability of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW), ambivalent sexism, and myths about romantic love. Two studies were implemented: Study 1 included women (n = 224) and Study 2 included men (n = 120), all of them college students. The main results revealed that both women and men perceive controlling behaviors amongst other peer couples; however, few of them recognize suffering or the exercise of these behaviors within their relationships. In addition, data pointed out the adopted role on the scene and the ideological variables (ambivalent sexism, acceptability of IPVAW, and myths about romantic love) that influenced social perception of dating violence; howev
西班牙总结了信息和通信技术及其对社会化的影响,年轻人在他们的伴侣关系中加入了另一种工具来行使控制行为。本研究旨在分析一些影响社会对这些控制行为看法的变量的影响,例如参与者在舞台上的角色(主角与观察员或观察员)和使用的控制手段(面对面与WhatsApp),同时考虑到意识形态变量的影响:暴力的可接受性、性别歧视和浪漫爱情神话。进行了两项研究:第一项研究涉及女性(n=224),第二项研究涉及男性(n=120),所有这些都是大学生。主要结果表明,女性和男性都在同龄的其他伴侣中观察到控制行为,尽管很少有人承认在他们的关系中遭受或行使这些行为。此外,他在舞台上的角色和意识形态变量(矛盾的性别歧视、暴力的可接受性和浪漫爱情的神话)影响了社会对伴侣暴力的看法,尽管没有发现控制手段的影响。这些发现是对现有文献的贡献,表明通过技术手段进行的控制行为在年轻人和年轻妇女中得到了接受和规范。它还提供了新的数据,说明这一群体对关系中的控制行为的社会看法,这取决于他们是作为暴力局势的观察者还是主角。EnglishabsTract年轻人将信息和通信技术及其对社会化的影响纳入其中,作为在他们的关系中行使控制行为的新工具。本研究的目的是分析一些影响社会对这些控制行为看法的变量的影响,例如在考虑态度变量的影响时所采用的现场角色(即主角与观察者)和所使用的控制手段(即面对面与WhatsApp):亲密伴侣暴力侵害妇女行为的可接受性、野心性性别主义和浪漫爱情神话。进行了两项研究:研究1包括女性(n=224)和研究2包括男性(n=120),所有这些都是大学生。主要结果显示,女性和男性都认为在其他伴侣中控制行为;然而,很少有人承认在他们的关系中遭受或行使这些行为。此外,数据还指出了在影响社会对约会暴力看法的场景和意识形态变量(矛盾的性别主义、IPVAW的可接受性和浪漫爱情神话)中所起的作用;然而,控制手段没有影响。这项研究对以前的文献作出了贡献,证明通过技术手段控制行为在年轻人中得到了接受和规范。此外,它还展示了关于年轻人在关系中对控制行为的社会看法的新数据,这取决于他们是否扮演观察员的角色或在暴力局势中扮演主角的角色。
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引用次数: 5
Efficacy of a Brief Intervention Based on an Incremental Theory of Personality in the Prevention of Adolescent Dating Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial 基于人格递增理论的短暂干预预防青少年约会暴力的效果:一项随机对照试验
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5093/PI2019A14
L. Fernández-González, E. Calvete, Nicolás Sánchez-Álvarez
espanolRESUMEN La necesidad de nuevos enfoques de intervencion para la prevencion de la violencia en el noviazgo (VN) deriva de las limitaciones de los programas existentes para lograr cambios conductuales. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar el efecto de una intervencion breve –de una sesion– dirigida a promover una teoria incremental de la personalidad, sobre la perpetracion (PVN) y victimizacion (VVN) de violencia en el noviazgo. Se realizo un ensayo clinico aleatorizado doble ciego con dos grupos paralelos (experimental vs. control). Los participantes fueron 123 adolescentes (53,7% mujeres, Medad = 15.20, DT = 0.99). Las medidas de evaluacion se administraron una semana antes de la intervencion, seis meses despues de la intervencion y un ano despues de la intervencion. Los resultados de los modelos lineales jerarquicos mostraron que la interaccion entre el tiempo y la condicion fue estadisticamente significativa para la PVN, mostrando una disminucion significativa tanto en el abuso tradicional como en el ciberacoso en la pareja en la condicion experimental. La intervencion no tuvo ningun efecto para la VVN. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la intervencion disminuye la perpetracion de actos agresivos hacia la pareja y apoyan la idea de que las estrategias dirigidas a prevenir conflictos entre iguales pueden tambien prevenir la PVN. El incremento de evidencia empirica sobre la eficacia de una intervencion autoaplicable de una hora de duracion es de gran relevancia para avanzar en la prevencion de la VN. EnglishABSTRACT New intervention approaches are required for dating violence (DV) prevention, given the limited results of existing programs in achieving behavioral changes. The main objective of this study was to explore the effect of a brief, single-session intervention aimed at promoting an incremental theory of personality (ITP) on dating violence perpetration (DVP) and dating violence victimization (DVV). A double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel groups (experimental vs. control) was conducted. Participants were 123 adolescents (53.7% females, Mage = 15.20, SD = 0.99). Assessment measures were administered one week prior to the intervention, and six months and one year after the intervention. The results of the hierarchical linear models showed that the interaction between time and condition was statistically significant for DVP, showing a significant decrease both in traditional and cyber dating abuse in the experimental condition. The ITP intervention had no effect on DVV. Our findings suggest that the ITP intervention decreases the perpetration of aggressive acts toward the dating partner and support the idea that strategies aimed at preventing peer conflict may also prevent DVP. Increasing our empirical evidence about the efficacy of a one-hour self-applied intervention is of great relevance for moving forward in the prevention of DV.
西班牙人总结说,预防恋爱暴力需要新的干预方法,这源于现有方案在实现行为改变方面的局限性。这项研究的主要目的是研究一次简短的干预(一次会议)的影响,该干预旨在促进一种渐进的个性理论,对恋爱中暴力的实施和受害产生影响。进行了一项随机双盲临床试验,分为两个平行组(实验组和对照组)。参与者为123名青少年(53.7%为女性,MEDAD=15.20,DT=0.99)。评估措施在干预前一周、干预后六个月和干预后一年进行。层次线性模型的结果表明,时间和条件之间的相互作用对PVN有统计学意义,在实验条件下,传统虐待和网络欺凌在伴侣中都显着减少。干预对VVN没有任何影响。我们的研究结果表明,干预减少了对伴侣的攻击行为,并支持旨在预防同龄人之间冲突的策略也可以预防PVN的想法。增加关于一小时自我执行干预有效性的经验证据对于推进VN预防具有重要意义。鉴于现有方案在实现行为改变方面的有限结果,需要采取新的干预方法来确定暴力预防的日期。这项研究的主要目的是探讨旨在促进人格增量理论(ITP)的简短、单会期干预对约会暴力犯罪(DVP)和约会暴力受害者(DVV)的影响。对两个平行组(实验组和对照组)进行了双盲随机对照试验。参与者为123名青少年(53.7%为女性,MAGE=15.20,SD=0.99)。在干预前一周和干预后六个月零一年采取了评估措施。层次线性模型的结果表明,时间和条件之间的相互作用对DVP具有统计意义,表明在实验条件下,传统和网络约会滥用都显著减少。ITP干预对DVV没有影响。我们的研究结果表明,ITP干预减少了对约会伙伴的攻击行为,并支持旨在预防对等冲突的战略也可以预防DVP的想法。增加我们关于一小时自我应用干预有效性的经验证据,与预防DV的进展密切相关。
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引用次数: 14
Can Mentoring Promote Self-esteem and School Connectedness? An Evaluation of the Mentor-UP Project 辅导能促进自尊和学校联系吗?导师UP项目评估
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5093/PI2019A13
C. Marino, M. Santinello, Michela Lenzi, Paolo Santoro, Marisa Bergamin, M. Gaboardi, A. Calcagnì, G. Altoé, Douglas D. Perkins
espanolRESUMEN La investigacion en EE.UU. ha demostrado que la mentoria juvenil es una estrategia prometedora para aumentar la autoestima y la conexion escolar en jovenes en situacion de riesgo. Sin embargo, ha habido escasa confirmacion de estos hallazgos a nivel internacional. El estudio actual evalua el impacto de la mentoria por parte de estudiantes universitarios capacitados en autoestima y conexion escolar de los ninos en comparacion con los companeros de escuela que no participaron en el programa. Mentor-UP es un programa de mentoria semanal llevado a cabo en la escuela y la comunidad que se implemento en el norte de Italia durante un periodo de siete meses. Los participantes (209 estudiantes, 34 en el grupo experimental y 175 en el grupo de comparacion de edades comprendidas entre 11 y 13 anos, 56% hombres, 27% inmigrantes) informaron de su nivel de autoestima y conexion escolar al principio y al final del programa. Los resultados mostraron un aumento significativo en la autoestima de los ninos mentorizados en comparacion con el grupo de control, mientras que la diferencia en la conexion escolar no fue significativa. Los hallazgos respaldan la efectividad de Mentor-UP para fomentar la autoestima de los jovenes. EnglishABSTRACT Research in the United States has shown that youth mentoring is a promising strategy for increasing self-esteem and school connectedness in at-risk youth. There has been little confirmation of those findings internationally. The current study evaluates the impact of mentoring by trained university students on children’s self-esteem and school connectedness compared to schoolmates not involved in the program. Mentor-UP is a school- and community-based weekly mentoring program implemented in northern Italy over a period of seven months. Participants (209 students – 34 in the experimental group and 175 in the comparison group – aged between 11 and 13, 56% male, 27% immigrants) reported their levels of self-esteem and school connectedness at the beginning and at the end of the program. Results showed a significant increase in mentees’ self-esteem compared to the control group, while the difference in school-connectedness was nonsignificant. The findings support the effectiveness of Mentor-UP in nurturing youth’s self-esteem.
西班牙在美国的研究表明,青年辅导是一种有希望的策略,可以提高处于危险中的年轻人的自尊和学校联系。然而,这些发现在国际上几乎没有得到证实。目前的研究评估了接受过儿童自尊和学校联系培训的大学生与没有参加该计划的同学相比,导师的影响。Mentor-Up是一项每周在学校和社区开展的辅导计划,在意大利北部实施为期7个月。参与者(209名学生,34名实验组和175名11至13岁的比较组,56%的男性,27%的移民)在课程开始和结束时报告了他们的自尊水平和学校联系。结果显示,与对照组相比,接受辅导的儿童的自尊显著提高,而学校联系的差异不显著。这些发现支持导师在培养年轻人自尊方面的有效性。美国的Englishabstract研究表明,青年辅导是一项有希望的战略,可以增加处于危险中的青年的自尊和学校联系。在国际上,这些发现几乎没有得到证实。与不参与该计划的同学相比,目前的研究评估了受过培训的大学生的辅导对儿童自我感觉和学校联系的影响。导师制是一项以学校和社区为基础的每周辅导计划,在意大利北部实施了7个月。参与者(209名学生-实验组34名,比较组175名学生-年龄在11至13岁之间,56%为男性,27%为移民)在课程开始和结束时报告了他们的自我感觉和学校联系水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,心理自我感觉显著增加,而学校联系的差异并不显著。研究结果支持导师在培养青年自我价值观方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 11
Active Aging Program in Nursing Homes: Effects on Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction 养老院积极老龄化项目对心理健康和生活满意度的影响
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5093/pi2019a18
Cristina Buedo-Guirado, L. Rubio, C. Dumitrache, Juan Romero-Coronado
espanolRESUMEN Se ha implementado un gran numero de estrategias de intervencion para promover el envejecimiento activo basadasen el mantenimiento del bienestar fisico, psicologico y social. Muchas de esas estrategias se han llevado a cabo conpersonas mayores sin dependencia fisica o cognitiva, mientras que las personas mayores institucionalizadas no hansido un grupo objetivo. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de un programa de envejecimientoactivo sobre el bienestar psicologico y la satisfaccion vital de personas mayores institucionalizadas. Participo un grupo de141 personas mayores con adecuadas capacidades psicomotoras (Medad = 85.50 anos, DT = 8.47), utilizandose un disenocuasiexperimental pretest-postest con grupo control y grupo experimental. El grupo control participo en un programatradicional limitado de envejecimiento activo ofrecido en residencias (estimulacion cognitiva y ejercicio fisico) mientrasque el grupo experimental participo en un programa global de envejecimiento activo. Tras la intervencion aumento lapuntuacion media de los participantes del grupo experimental en bienestar psicologico y satisfaccion vital, mientras queno se observaron cambios en el grupo control, mejoras que se mantuvieron 12 meses despues de la intervencion. Esteestudio sugiere que la inclusion de un programa global de envejecimiento activo en residencias para personas mayores quecontemple medidas para impulsar el empoderamiento, la participacion y la apertura social contribuye al mantenimientodel bienestar percibido. EnglishABSTRACT A great number of intervention strategies that provide opportunities to maintain physical, psychological, and social wellbeing have been carried out in order to promote active aging. Most of these strategies are aimed at people without physicalor cognitive dependence, while institutionalized older people have not been considered as a target group. The main objectiveof this study was to analyze the effect of an active aging program on the psychological well-being and life satisfaction ofinstitutionalized older people. A total of 141 participants with adequate psychomotor skills were selected (Mage = 85.50 years,SD = 8.47), and a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group and an experimental group was used. Thecontrol group participated in the traditional limited active aging program offered in long-term care facilities – cognitivestimulation and physical activity – while the experimental group participated in a comprehensive active aging program. Afterthe intervention, participants from the experimental group showed improvements in the mean values of psychological wellbeing and life satisfaction, while no change was found in the control group. The improvements in psychological well-beingand life satisfaction were maintained 12 months later in the follow-up evaluation. This study suggests that the inclusionof a comprehensive active aging program in nursing homes, that comprises action
在过去的几年里,人们对老龄化的看法发生了很大的变化。这些策略中有许多是针对没有身体或认知依赖的老年人实施的,而制度化的老年人并不是目标群体。本研究的主要目的是分析积极老龄化计划对机构老年人心理健康和生活满意度的影响。141名具有适当精神运动能力的老年人(Medad = 85.50岁,DT = 8.47岁)参加了一组实验,采用前后实验的方法,对照组和实验组。对照组参加有限的传统住院积极衰老项目(认知刺激和体育锻炼),而实验组参加全面的积极衰老项目。干预后,实验组参与者在心理健康和生活满意度方面的平均得分增加,而对照组没有观察到变化,干预后12个月保持改善。这项研究表明,在养老院纳入一项全面的积极老龄化计划,包括促进赋权、参与和社会开放的措施,有助于维持感知到的福祉。为了促进积极老龄化,已经制定了大量的干预策略,为维持身体、心理和社会福祉提供了机会。这些策略大多针对没有生理认知依赖的人群,而制度化的老年人并未被视为目标群体。本研究的主要目的是分析积极老龄化计划对制度化老年人心理健康和生活满意度的影响。选取141名具有足够心理运动技能的参与者(Mage = 85.50岁,SD = 8.47岁),并采用控制组和实验组的准实验前后测试设计。对照组参加了长期护理设施——认知刺激和身体活动——提供的传统有限主动衰老方案,而实验组参加了综合主动衰老方案。干预后,实验组的参与者在心理幸福感和生活满意度方面的平均价值有所改善,而对照组没有发现变化。有关改善in心理学well-beingand概念和生活着12月后面in The后续评估。本研究表明,在护理之家纳入全面的积极老龄化计划,包括旨在促进赋权、参与和社会开放的行动,有助于维持感知到的福祉。
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引用次数: 10
The Effect of Fiction on the Well-Being of Older Adults: A Longitudinal RCT Intervention Study Using Audiobooks 小说对老年人幸福感的影响:一项使用有声读物的纵向RCT干预研究
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.5093/pi2019a16
G. Poerio, P. Totterdell
Research has examined the psychological benefits of fiction, particularly for socio-cognitive and interpersonal processes, but has yet to examine whether it can have an impact on individuals’ personal well-being in a natural setting over time. A longitudinal randomized control trial (RCT) using audiobooks was conducted to compare the effects of fiction (novels, short stories) and non-fiction on the well-being (subjective, eudaimonic, social) of 94 older adults from diverse urbancommunities over a six-week period. Participants chose one of four books in the condition to which they were allocated. The participants in the fiction, compared to non-fiction, conditions did not show greater improvements in any aspect ofwell-being over the study period. However, regression analysis controlling for initial levels of well-being showed that individuals who reported greater absorption in, and appreciation of, their audiobook showed greater subsequent wellbeing, particularly meaning in life, that extended beyond book completion. The findings indicate that an audiobook can have a positive enduring impact on various aspects of older adults’ well-being, but it depends on them having a personalengagement with its content, and not on its designation as fiction or non-fiction.
研究已经调查了小说的心理益处,特别是对社会认知和人际关系的影响,但还没有研究它是否会随着时间的推移对自然环境中个人的幸福感产生影响。一项利用有声读物的纵向随机对照试验(RCT)进行了为期六周的研究,比较了来自不同城市社区的94名老年人的小说(小说、短篇小说)和非小说对幸福感(主观、幸福、社会)的影响。参与者在分配给他们的四本书中选择一本。与非小说环境相比,小说环境中的参与者在研究期间的任何方面都没有表现出更大的改善。然而,控制初始幸福感水平的回归分析显示,对有声读物的吸收和欣赏程度更高的人随后表现出更大的幸福感,尤其是生活中的意义,这种幸福感延伸到读完有声读物之后。研究结果表明,有声书可以对老年人健康的各个方面产生积极持久的影响,但这取决于他们对其内容的个人参与,而不是小说或非小说的指定。
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引用次数: 7
Substance Use in Early and Middle Adolescence. The Role of Academic Efficacy and Parenting 青少年早期和中期的物质使用。学业效能与父母教养的作用
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.5093/PI2019A11
Ana M. Tur-Porcar, Javier Jiménez-Martínez, Vicenta Mestre-Escrivá
espanolLos objetivos de esta investigacion son analizar la relacion del consumo de sustancias con el estilo de crianza de los padres y la percepcion de eficacia academica por parte de los adolescentes, estudiar la diferente contribucion de estos factores a la prediccion del consumo de sustancias en la adolescencia y observar la funcion de la autoeficacia academica en la relacion entre el estilo de crianza y el consumo de sustancias en la adolescencia. Participaron 762 adolescentes (53% hombres), de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 16 anos (M = 13.66, DT = 1.34). La muestra se selecciono con criterios probabilisticos por conglomerados, atendiendo al tipo de centro (educacion secundaria, publico frente a privado/ concertado) y ubicacion en diferentes zonas de la ciudad de Valencia, para atender distintos estratos sociales familiares. Los resultados indican que en comparacion con la adolescencia temprana, en la adolescencia media aumenta el consumo de sustancias y la negligencia de los padres, ademas de disminuir el apoyo y la comunicacion familiar junto con la eficacia academica percibida. El consumo de sustancias esta relacionado positivamente con la negligencia, el control psicologico y el rechazo por parte de los padres. La negligencia y el control psicologico actuan como variables moderadoras, pero solo el control psicologico actua como variable mediadora entre la eficacia academica y el consumo de sustancias. EnglishThis study examines (i) the relationships between substance use and parenting style and between substance use and perceived academic self-efficacy in early and middle adolescence, (ii) the importance of these factors in predicting adolescent substance use, and (iii) the role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent substance use. The sample comprised 762 adolescents (53% boys) aged 12 to 16 years (M = 13.66, SD = 1.34). The sample was selected using probabilistic cluster sampling according to type of school (secondary, public vs. semiprivate) and school location in different areas of the city of Valencia (Spain). This approach accounted for different social strata of families. The results show that substance use and parents’ neglect are greater in middle adolescence than in early adolescence. Support and family communication and perceived academic self-efficacy are lower. Substance use is positively related to parents’ neglect, psychological control, and rejection. The relationships between neglect and psychological control and substance use are moderated by academic self-efficacy, and the relationship between psychological control and substance use is mediated by academic self-efficacy
本研究的目的是分析物质消费与父母教养方式和青少年对学业效能感的关系,研究这些因素对预测青少年物质消费的不同贡献,并观察学业自我效能感在父母教养方式与青少年物质消费关系中的作用。762名12至16岁的青少年(53%为男性)参加了会议(M=13.66,DT=1.34)。样本是根据群体的概率标准选择的,考虑到中心的类型(中等教育,公立与私立/包办)和瓦伦西亚市不同地区的位置,以照顾不同的家庭社会阶层。结果表明,与早期青少年相比,中青少年的物质消费和父母的忽视增加,家庭支持和沟通以及感知的学业效率也减少。物质的使用与父母的疏忽、心理控制和拒绝呈正相关。忽视和心理控制作为调节变量,但只有心理控制作为学术效率和物质消费之间的中介变量。这项研究考察了(i)青少年早期和中期物质使用与父母教养方式之间以及物质使用与感知学业自我效能之间的关系,(ii)这些因素在预测青少年物质使用中的重要性,(iii)学业自我效能在父母教养方式与青少年物质使用之间关系中的作用。样本包括762名12至16岁的青少年(53%的男孩)(M=13.66,SD=1.34)。样本是根据学校类型(中学、公立与半私立)和瓦伦西亚市(西班牙)不同地区的学校位置,使用概率聚类抽样选择的。这种方法考虑到家庭的不同社会战略。结果表明,青少年中的物质使用和父母的忽视程度高于青少年早期。支持和家庭沟通以及感知的学业自我效能感较低。物质使用与父母的忽视、心理控制和拒绝呈正相关。忽视与心理控制和物质使用之间的关系由学业自我效能感调节,心理控制与物质使用之间的关系由学业自我效能感调节
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引用次数: 12
The Effect of Length of Residence and Geographical Origin on the Social Inclusion of Immigrants 居住年限和地理来源对移民社会包容的影响
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.5093/PI2019A10
Mario A. Millán-Franco, L. Gómez-Jacinto, I. Hombrados-Mendieta, Felipe González-Castro, Alba García-Cid
espanolThis study analysed the effect of length of residence and place of origin on the social inclusion of immigrants. Social support, resilience, sense of community, and satisfaction with life were used as indicators of social inclusion. Previous studies on social inclusion of immigrants were predominantly of static nature. A synthetic cohort design that examines temporal effects in distinct cohorts was used to analyse the effect of time on levels of social inclusion. It was hypothesised that place of origin would moderate the positive effect of length of residence. The study was conducted in Malaga (Spain). The participants consisted of 2,374 immigrants from Africa (597), East Europe (565), Latin America (652), and Asia (560). The results suggest that length of residence has a positive effect on social inclusion and that shorter cultural distance facilitates the process of social inclusion, especially among Latin American immigrants. However, the moderating effects of place of origin only reached statistical significance for satisfaction with life. A multidimensional and dynamic approach is needed to fully understand the process involved in the social inclusion of immigrants. This is based on the assumption that the positive effect of length of residence is not linear in the short term but manifests over the long term. EnglishSe analizan los efectos del tiempo de residencia y la procedencia en la inclusion social de los inmigrantes. El apoyo social, la resiliencia, el sentido de comunidad y la satisfaccion vital se utilizan como indicadores de inclusion social. Estudios previos sobre la inclusion social de los inmigrantes se caracterizan por su naturaleza estatica. A traves de un diseno de cohorte sintetico se comprueba si el tiempo favorece la inclusion social. Se propone que la procedencia modera la influencia positiva del tiempo de residencia. El estudio se realiza en Malaga y participan 2,374 inmigrantes procedentes de Africa (597), Europa del Este (565), Latinoamerica (652) y Asia (560). Los resultados muestran que el tiempo de residencia influye de forma positiva incrementando las dimensiones de inclusion social y la cercania cultural favorece el proceso de inclusion social, especialmente en los inmigrantes latinos, aunque los efectos moderadores de la procedencia han sido solo significativos para la satisfaccion vital. Los hallazgos sugieren adoptar un enfoque multidimensional y dinamico para comprender el proceso de inclusion social de los inmigrantes, asumiendo que el efecto positivo del tiempo de residencia no es lineal a corto plazo, sino que se manifiesta a largo plazo.
本研究分析了居住时间长短和原籍地对移民社会融入的影响。社会支持、弹性、社区意识和生活满意度作为社会包容的指标。以往关于移民社会包容的研究主要是静态的。一个综合队列设计检验了不同队列的时间效应,用于分析时间对社会包容水平的影响。据推测,原籍地会缓和居住时间长短的积极影响。该研究在马拉加(西班牙)进行。参与者包括2374名来自非洲(597人)、东欧(565人)、拉丁美洲(652人)和亚洲(560人)的移民。研究结果表明,居住时间长短对社会包容有正向影响,较短的文化距离有利于社会包容的进程,尤其是在拉美移民中。然而,原籍地的调节作用仅对生活满意度有统计学意义。需要采取一种多层面和动态的办法,以充分了解移民融入社会的过程。这是基于一个假设,即居住时间的积极影响在短期内不是线性的,而是在长期内表现出来的。英语分析了移民社会融入过程中对居留时间的影响。社会主义,社会主义,社会主义,社会主义满意度,社会主义,社会主义,社会主义,社会主义,社会主义。工作室之前的作品是关于社会包容的,关于移民的,关于贫穷的,关于自然的。一项研究表明,在社会主义社会中,人们更倾向于包容性社会。现代程序对居民生活的积极影响。在马拉加,有2 374人参与移民程序:非洲(597人)、欧洲(565人)、拉丁美洲(652人)和亚洲(560人)。研究结果表明,居住时间对形成积极的增量和融入社会的其他维度有影响,文化偏好对融入社会的过程有影响,特别是对拉美裔移民,独特的损失效应对融入社会的过程有影响,而生活满意度则具有重要意义。hallazgos建议采用一种多维的、动态的、可理解的、包容社会移民的过程,一种有效的、积极的、可容纳的、线性的、可容纳的、可容纳的、可容纳的、可容纳的、可容纳的、可容纳的、可容纳的大广场。
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引用次数: 16
Differential Effects of Two Contemplative Practice-based Programs for Health Care Professionals 两种基于冥想练习的医疗保健专业人员项目的不同效果
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.5093/PI2019A12
N. Sansó, L. Galiana, B. González, J. Sarmentero, Magdalena Reynes, Amparo Oliver, M. García-Toro
espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia diferencial de dos intervenciones para mejorar la calidad de vida de profesionales de atencion primaria de Mallorca: un programa de reduccion del estres basado en mindfulness (MBSRt) y un entrenamiento en cultivo de la compasion (CCT). Participaron 50 profesionales, el 81% de los cuales eran mujeres. Se evaluo mindfulness, empatia, auto-compasion y calidad de vida profesional. Los resultados mostraron efectos estadisticamente significativos de los programas para la mejora del mindfulness, la empatia, la auto-compasion y la calidad de vida profesional, con un efecto diferencial sobre dos dimensiones del mindfulness, actuar con autoconciencia y no reaccionar a la experiencia interna y la dimension de burnout de la calidad de vida profesional, en todos los casos a favor del entrenamiento MBSR. El estudio concluye que este tipo de intervenciones es adecuado para la mejora de las variables senaladas, con mayor eficacia de los programas MBSR en este tipo de participantes. EnglishThe aim of the study was testing the differential effectiveness of two interventions to improve Majorcan primary care professionals’ quality of life: Mindful-Based Stress Reduction Training (MBSRT) and Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT). 50 professionals participated in the study; 81% were women. We evaluated mindfulness, empathy, self-compassion, and professional quality of life. Results showed statistically significant effects of the programs on the improvement of mindfulness, self-compassion, and professional quality of life, and differential effects on two dimensions of mindfulness, acting with awareness and non-reacting to inner experience, and on the dimension of burnout of the professional quality of life, in all the cases favoring the MBSRT group. The study concludes that this type of interventions is adequate to improve the aforementioned variables, with better efficacy of the MBSRT for this type of participants.
这项工作的西班牙目标是评估两种干预措施在提高马略卡岛初级保健专业人员生活质量方面的差异有效性:一项基于正念的减压计划(MBSRT)和一项同情培养培训(CCT)。50名专业人员参加了会议,其中81%是妇女。评估了正念、同理心、自我同情和职业生活质量。结果显示,提高正念、同理心、自我同情和职业生活质量的方案在统计上产生了显著影响,对正念的两个维度产生了不同的影响,表现出自我意识,对职业生活质量的内部体验和倦怠维度没有反应,在所有情况下都有利于MBSR培训。研究得出的结论是,这种类型的干预措施适合改善信号变量,MBSR计划在这类参与者中更有效。这项研究的目的是测试两种干预措施对提高Majorcan初级保健专业人员生活质量的不同有效性:基于正念的减压培训(MBSRT)和同情培养培训(CCT)。50名专业人员参与了这项研究;81%是女性。我们评估了正念、同理心、自怜和职业生活质量。结果显示,在所有情况下,该方案对提高正念、自怜和职业生活质量都有统计上的显著影响,对提高正念、有意识地行事和不对内部经验作出反应的两个维度以及职业生活质量的倦怠维度都有不同的影响,这都是MBSRT小组最喜欢的。研究得出的结论是,这种类型的干预足以改善上述变量,MBSRT对这类参与者的效率更高。
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引用次数: 14
Couple Conflict-facing Responses from a Gender Perspective: Emotional Intelligence as a Differential Pattern 从性别视角看夫妻冲突应对:作为差异模式的情商
IF 4.8 1区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.5093/PI2019A9
María Alonso-Ferres, Inmaculada Valor-Segura, Francisca Expósito
espanolLos conflictos que surgen en las relaciones de pareja pueden ser una de las mayores causas de sufrimiento cuando no se afrontan idoneamente. A traves de dos estudios, esta investigacion analiza el efecto diferencial del genero asi como la influencia de la inteligencia emocional en el afrontamiento de los conflictos de pareja y sus consecuencias a nivel individual y relacional. En el estudio 1 se examina la existencia de diferencias de genero en el afrontamiento de conflictos a traves de 4 muestras independientes de sujetos (N = 727). Tras metaanalizar los resultados de las mismas se observa que las mujeres responden de manera mas expresiva y leal ante los conflictos, mientras que los hombres emplean una respuesta mas negligente. En el estudio 2 (N = 185) se comprueba como la inteligencia emocional se convierte en un factor clave al promover el afrontamiento constructivo de conflictos adoptado tanto por mujeres como por hombres, lo que favorece tanto su bienestar psicologico como la satisfaccion con la relacion. Esta investigacion muestra la importancia de las habilidades emocionales ante los conflictos que se originan en los contextos mas intimos, como son las relaciones de pareja, y sus consecuencias tanto en hombres como en mujeres. EnglishConflicts that arise in romantic relationships can be one of the greatest causes of suffering when they are not faced appropriately. Through two studies, this research analyses the differential effect of gender and the influence of emotional intelligence on conflict-facing responses, as well as their consequences at an individual and relationship level. In Study 1, we examined the existence of gender differences during conflicts through four independent samples of subjects (N = 727). After meta-analysing the results, we observed that women responded more expressively and loyally to conflict, while men had a more negligent response. In our observations in Study 2 (N = 185), emotional intelligence became a key factor in promoting a constructive response to face conflicts that is adopted by both women and men. Moreover, emotional intelligence finally favours their psychological well-being and satisfaction with the relationship. This research shows the importance of emotional skills in confronting conflicts that originate in intimate contexts such as romantic relationships and their consequences to both men and women.
在夫妻关系中出现的西班牙冲突,如果不以偶像的方式面对,可能是痛苦的最大原因之一。通过两项研究,本研究分析了性别的差异效应以及情绪智力对应对伴侣冲突的影响及其在个人和关系层面的后果。研究1通过4个独立的受试者样本(n=727)检查了冲突应对中存在的性别差异。在对其结果进行荟萃分析后,可以看出,妇女对冲突的反应更具表现力和忠诚,而男子对冲突的反应更为疏忽。研究2(n=185)发现,情绪智力如何成为促进男女对冲突的建设性应对的关键因素,这有利于他们的心理健康和对关系的满意度。这项研究表明了情感技能在应对源于最亲密背景的冲突方面的重要性,例如夫妻关系,以及它们对男性和女性的影响。浪漫关系中发生的英语冲突可能是他们在没有适当面对的情况下遭受痛苦的最大原因之一。通过两项研究,这项研究分析了性别的差异影响和情绪智力对面对冲突的反应的影响,以及它们在个人和关系层面的后果。在研究1中,我们通过四个独立的受试者样本(n=727)检查了冲突期间是否存在性别差异。在对结果进行元分析后,我们观察到,妇女对冲突的反应更加明确和忠诚,而男子的反应更加疏忽。在我们在研究2中的观察中(n=185),情感智力成为促进对男女都采取的冲突作出建设性反应的关键因素。此外,情感智力最终有利于他们的心理福祉和对关系的满意度。这项研究表明,情感技能在应对起源于浪漫关系等亲密背景的冲突及其对男女的影响方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
Psychosocial Intervention
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