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A performance-based generative design framework based on a design grammar for high-rise office towers during early design stage 基于设计语法的高层办公大楼早期设计阶段基于性能的生成设计框架
IF 3.1 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.07.001
Liwei Chen, Ye Zhang, Yue Zheng
In the past decade, the construction speed of high-rise office towers worldwide has exhibited explosive growth. The unique morphological characteristics of high-rise office towers result in higher shape factors and relatively larger thermal loads. The traditional workflow of “design-evaluation” in the early stages of design imposes constraints on the diversity of tower morphology, the timeliness of performance evaluation, and the efficient integration of systems. Therefore, targeting the geometric characteristics of high-rise office towers, a systematically developed and universally applicable design grammar, named “Vertex-Based Polygonal Generative Grammar (VPGG)” is proposed. Additionally, a corresponding early-stage performance driven High-rise Office Tower Generative Design Framework (HOT_GDF) is introduced. Case study results demonstrate that, with the support of Artificial Neural Network, utilizing this system can not only globally explore the diversity of tower morphologies but also efficiently uncover greater energy-saving potential in complex architectural forms compared to simpler cubic forms, with an improvement of up to 7.76% during the early stages of design. Designed from the perspective of architects, the framework achieves logical, refined, and visual real-time interaction between computers and human minds during the early stages of tower design. This enhances design efficiency and facilitates design decision-making. It systematically integrates considerations for environmental performance, such as thermal load and thermal comfort, into the design process. Furthermore, it couples various aspects of morphological design with corresponding building performance, helping users in making design decisions from a rational and quantifiable perspective. This captures greater design potential, encompassing both form and performance, for high-rise office towers during the initial design phase.
近十年来,全球高层办公大楼的建设速度呈现爆发式增长。高层办公大楼独特的形态特征导致其外形系数较高,热负荷相对较大。传统的设计前期“设计-评价”的工作流程限制了塔楼形态的多样性、绩效评价的及时性和系统的高效集成。因此,针对高层办公大楼的几何特点,提出了一种系统发展和普遍适用的设计语法——“基于顶点的多边形生成语法(VPGG)”。此外,还介绍了相应的早期绩效驱动的高层办公大楼生成设计框架(HOT_GDF)。案例研究结果表明,在人工神经网络的支持下,利用该系统不仅可以在全球范围内探索塔楼形态的多样性,而且可以有效地揭示复杂建筑形式与简单立方体形式相比更大的节能潜力,在设计早期阶段的节能效果可达7.76%。该框架从建筑师的角度设计,在塔楼设计的早期阶段实现了计算机与人的思想之间的逻辑,精炼和可视化的实时交互。这提高了设计效率,便于设计决策。它系统地将环境性能的考虑因素,如热负荷和热舒适,纳入设计过程。此外,它将形态设计的各个方面与相应的建筑性能相结合,帮助用户从理性和可量化的角度做出设计决策。这在初始设计阶段为高层办公大楼捕获了更大的设计潜力,包括形式和性能。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring entry-exit correlation coefficient (EEC) as new quantitative social activities performance measurement of public space: The case of Dilworth Park, Philadelphia 出入相关系数(EEC)作为公共空间社会活动绩效量化新测度的探索——以费城迪尔沃斯公园为例
IF 3.1 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.06.010
Jae Min Lee
This study explores a new public space performance measure by integrating public space and walking research to examine the relationship between pedestrian traffic volume and social activity intensity in parks and plazas. Introducing the entry-exit correlation coefficient (EEC), the study utilized bootstrap resampling methods to analyze data and compare to 59 manual observations. Findings reveal a statistically significant negative relationship between EEC and social activities, with a coefficient of −0.2. Lower EEC values, indicating closer correlation between entry and exit, were associated with increased social activities in Dilworth Park. The high synchronization observed between EEC and social activities underscores the potential of EEC as a complementary tool to manual observation in public space research. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of considering thermal comfort in monitoring public spaces using EEC. While the study focused on a single case study, its results lay the groundwork for future research to apply automated pedestrian counting and EEC as performance measurements for public spaces.
本研究通过整合公共空间和步行研究,探索了一种新的公共空间绩效衡量方法,考察了公园和广场步行交通量与社会活动强度的关系。引入进出口相关系数(EEC),采用自举重采样方法对数据进行分析,并与59个人工观测值进行比较。研究结果显示,EEC与社会活动之间存在统计学上显著的负相关关系,系数为- 0.2。较低的EEC值,表明进入和退出之间的相关性更强,与迪尔沃斯公园的社会活动增加有关。观察到的EEC与社会活动之间的高度同步强调了EEC作为公共空间研究中人工观察的补充工具的潜力。此外,该研究强调了在使用EEC监测公共空间时考虑热舒适性的重要性。虽然该研究侧重于单个案例研究,但其结果为未来应用自动行人计数和EEC作为公共空间性能测量的研究奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Gender differences in air movement preference after moderate-intensity exercise 中等强度运动后空气运动偏好的性别差异
IF 3.1 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.06.008
Shiwu Zhang , Shengkai Zhao , Zhen Sun , Yongchao Zhai
This study investigates the air movement preference of males and females after moderate-intensity exercise. 35 participants dressed in 0.6 clo exercised for 15 min in a room at 30 °C and then entered another room at 24 °C/26 °C/28 °C. During the experiment, participants were able to adjust the fan speed according to their own thermal comfort needs. The results indicate that after a change in metabolic rate, female prefer higher fan usage and greater air movement compared to males. When the body returns to thermal comfort, male have higher fan usage and prefer higher air movement than female. There were no difference in subjective evaluation and skin temperature between female and male. However, the skin evaporative heat loss of female was significantly lower than that of male. The correlation between air temperature, air speed and the time after entering the room tailored to the thermal requirements of distinct genders following moderate-intensity exercise has been established, which can provide a comprehensive control strategy for achieving both comfortable and energy-efficient thermal environments.
本研究探讨了男性和女性在中等强度运动后的空气运动偏好。35名参与者穿着0.6℃的衣服,在30°C的房间里锻炼15分钟,然后进入另一个24°C/26°C/28°C的房间。在实验过程中,参与者可以根据自己的热舒适需求调节风扇转速。结果表明,在代谢率发生变化后,与男性相比,女性更喜欢使用更多的风扇和更大的空气流动。当身体恢复到热舒适时,男性比女性使用更多的风扇,更喜欢更多的空气流动。男性和女性在主观评价和皮肤温度方面没有差异。然而,雌性的皮肤蒸发热损失显著低于雄性。在中等强度运动后,根据不同性别的热需求,建立了温度、风速和进入房间后时间之间的相关性,这可以为实现舒适和节能的热环境提供全面的控制策略。
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引用次数: 0
A comparative analysis of perceptions of insecurity in Milan and Beijing metro stations 米兰和北京地铁站不安全感的比较分析
IF 3.1 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.12.003
Jiaxin Liu , Hongming Yan , Marcus White , Xiaoran Huang
Metro stations, as essential public spaces, not only serve as vital transportation hubs but also form part of the broader built environment that shapes people's perceptions of insecurity. An important concern for passengers in these environments is safety, particularly in underground public space where the design and organization of the physical surroundings play a crucial role. Despite various modern renovations in older metro stations, newer stations are generally perceived as safer. To understand this discrepancy, this research compares how visual factors in the built environments of old and new metro stations influence people's perceptions of insecurity. By examining two cities—Milan and Beijing, which follow distinct urban development models—this research also explores how differences in urbanization processes affect the contrast between old and new stations. This research introduces a novel methodology for analyzing underground public space by integrating 360-degree image capture, an enhanced semantic segmentation process, and predictive modeling using XGBoost and SHAP to reveal the complex relationships between these visual factors and safety perceptions. The results indicate that while factors like artificial light, floor, and the presence of people are significant across all stations, certain factors are particularly influential in specific contexts—for example, exposed pipes are more negatively associated with safety perception in Beijing's old stations, and platform doors have a strongly positive effect in Milan's new stations. The findings provide valuable insights for guiding the modernization of metro stations in the future, and offering an innovative approach to studying underground public space.
地铁站作为重要的公共空间,不仅是重要的交通枢纽,也是更广泛的建筑环境的一部分,塑造了人们对不安全感的看法。在这些环境中,乘客的一个重要问题是安全,特别是在地下公共空间中,物理环境的设计和组织起着至关重要的作用。尽管老地铁站进行了各种现代化改造,但人们普遍认为新地铁站更安全。为了理解这种差异,本研究比较了新旧地铁站建成环境中的视觉因素如何影响人们对不安全感的感知。通过考察米兰和北京这两个城市的不同发展模式,本研究还探讨了城市化进程的差异如何影响新旧车站的对比。本研究引入了一种新的地下公共空间分析方法,通过集成360度图像捕获、增强的语义分割过程和使用XGBoost和SHAP的预测建模来揭示这些视觉因素与安全感知之间的复杂关系。结果表明,虽然人造光、地板和人的存在等因素在所有车站都很重要,但某些因素在特定环境下的影响尤其大——例如,在北京的老车站,暴露的管道与安全感知的负相关更大,而在米兰的新车站,站台门有强烈的积极影响。这些发现为指导未来地铁站的现代化提供了有价值的见解,并为研究地下公共空间提供了一种创新的方法。
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引用次数: 0
A diffusion-based machine learning method for 3D architectural form-finding 一种基于扩散的三维建筑形式查找的机器学习方法
IF 3.6 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.12.002
Hao Zheng
Form-finding is a process in architectural design. Architects create and manipulate the morphology of a building by finding the form using digital tools and algorithms, such as machine learning. Recent research indicates that existing machine learning methods for architectural form-finding are not efficient for training and cannot generate multiple 3D forms under the constraints of users. Therefore, in this research, we develop a method to train and apply low-rank adaptation (LoRA) models in Stable Diffusion (SD) to generate 3D architectural forms based on morphological heat maps. Furthermore, the generated 3D forms can be directly used to precisely control the generation of realistic architectural renderings using pre-trained LoRA and SD models. In conclusion, our method can help architects generate 3D architectural models with consistent renderings. It can serve as a useful tool to improve efficiency and creativity in the architectural design practice of form-finding.
寻找形式是建筑设计的一个过程。建筑师通过使用数字工具和算法(如机器学习)来寻找形式,从而创建和操纵建筑的形态。最近的研究表明,现有的用于建筑形式查找的机器学习方法在训练中效率不高,并且在用户的约束下不能生成多个3D形式。因此,在本研究中,我们开发了一种方法来训练和应用稳定扩散(SD)中的低秩自适应(LoRA)模型来生成基于形态热图的三维建筑形式。此外,生成的3D表单可以直接用于使用预训练的LoRA和SD模型精确控制逼真建筑效果图的生成。总之,我们的方法可以帮助建筑师生成具有一致渲染效果的3D建筑模型。它可以作为一种有用的工具来提高建筑找形设计的效率和创造力。
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引用次数: 0
Placemaking for social cohesion and economic vitality: The role of urban design in transforming local markets in Pakistan 营造社会凝聚力和经济活力的场所:巴基斯坦城市设计在改造当地市场中的作用
IF 3.1 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.009
Samirah Pervaiz , Fariha Tariq , Farah Jamil , Faiqa Khilat , Sarosh Tariq , Muhammad Aamir Basheer
In planning and design, the concept of “place” has always been fundamental. Current patterns show a greater emphasis on influencing and improving community dynamics through altering the “experience” and “feeling” of locations, especially in local commercial centers and markets that play an important role in the economic growth of cities. The research focuses on the significance of placemaking, a critical component in design, for boosting economic activity in the market(s) and simultaneously fostering a place for social engagement and cohesion. A mixed-methods approach was employed to strengthen the connection between placemaking and the local informal economy in urban areas. This research through a case study outlines the placemaking principle that can convert local commercial areas into more socially cohesive, diverse, and vibrant public spaces. It is recommended that this design-based study be instrumental for local and national marketplaces in Pakistan.
在规划设计中,“场所”的概念一直是最基本的。目前的模式更加强调通过改变地点的“体验”和“感觉”来影响和改善社区动态,特别是在对城市经济增长起重要作用的地方商业中心和市场。研究的重点是设计中的一个关键组成部分——场所营造的重要性,它可以促进市场中的经济活动,同时培养社会参与和凝聚力的场所。采用混合方法来加强城市地区场所创造与当地非正规经济之间的联系。本研究通过一个案例研究概述了可以将当地商业区转变为更具社会凝聚力、多样性和充满活力的公共空间的场所制作原则。建议这项以设计为基础的研究有助于巴基斯坦当地和全国市场的发展。
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引用次数: 0
An approach for heritage settlement classification using block patterns: The study of 37 typical colonial heritage settlements in the Americas 基于块模式的遗产聚落分类方法:对美洲37个典型殖民遗产聚落的研究
IF 3.1 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.12.001
Wei Wei , Liyang Liu , Zhaosong Niu , Hongrui Li
Settlements serve as the tangible carriers of civilization, with historic urban blocks reflecting distinct cultural attributes that are essential for analyzing settlement types, exploring urban form characteristics, and refining spatial planning ideologies. Thus, this study focuses on the block as the fundamental morphological unit and introduces a structured research methodology from the typo-morphological perspective, comprising the following stages: Block Morphology Quantification, Block Pattern Types Extraction, Settlement Type Division, and Planning Ideology Discussion. This methodology can efficiently enhance the understanding of morphology and planning ideologies of heritage settlements by applying quantitative approaches to clustering settlements based solely on block pattern. For method validation, 37 typical colonial heritage settlements in the Americas is conducted as empirical study through the following process: first, quantifying block morphology; second, identifying block pattern types by K-means clustering; third, applying hierarchical clustering referring to the proportion of block pattern types within each case, resulting in the identification of four categories of “strategic core”, “corridor node”, “resource spot” and “overseas new town”; lastly, three key planning ideologies—“order”, “efficiency” and “practicality”—that shaped these settlements are derived from classification results accordingly. As empirical study result, the effectiveness of classifying heritage settlements using block patterns is validated.
聚落是文明的有形载体,具有历史意义的城市街区具有鲜明的文化属性,是分析聚落类型、探索城市形态特征、提炼空间规划思想的基础。因此,本研究以街区为基本形态单位,从类型学的角度引入了结构化的研究方法,包括街区形态量化、街区格局类型提取、聚落类型划分和规划意识形态讨论。该方法通过将定量方法应用于仅基于街区格局的聚落聚类,可以有效地增强对遗产聚落形态和规划思想的理解。为了验证方法,本文以美洲37个典型殖民遗产聚落为实证研究对象,通过以下步骤:首先,量化块体形态;其次,通过k均值聚类识别块模式类型;第三,采用分层聚类法,参照各案例内街区模式类型的比例,识别出“战略核心”、“廊道节点”、“资源点”和“海外新城”四类;最后,根据分类结果得出了形成这些聚落的三个关键规划思想——“秩序”、“效率”和“实用性”。实证研究结果验证了利用街区模式对遗产聚落进行分类的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
From empty to empowering: Leveraging vacant land for urban socio-ecological resilience 从空旷到赋权:利用空地增强城市社会生态韧性
IF 3.1 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.009
Maryam Naghibi , Mohsen Faizi , HamidReza Yazdani , Ahmad Ekhlassi
Urban vacancy, often seen as a challenge, offers unique opportunities for ecological and social enhancements in cityscapes. This study explores the role of small green spaces in urban resilience, particularly in high-density metropolises, through a social-ecological lens. We began with a critical review to develop and validate a questionnaire, drawing on theoretical frameworks and confirming the derived criteria with twenty-two experts. Key resilience attributes identified for urban landscapes included flexibility, efficiency, activity, connectivity, and diversity. Utilizing the Best-Worst Method (BWM), we discerned the most and least significant of these attributes. The study then employed Hierarchical Bayes analysis via XLSTAT software to analyze questionnaire responses (n = 386, 60.36% female) and calculate the part-worth utility and importance ratings for each attribute. Results highlighted water presence, high tree density, and activity areas as vital attributes for small urban parks. These insights are crucial for landscape architects, emphasizing attributes that enhance park visitation and usability. Additionally, the innovative methodological approach of this study offers a new pathway for research in urban planning and the built environment.
城市空置通常被视为挑战,为城市景观的生态和社会改善提供了独特的机会。本研究从社会生态角度探讨了小型绿地在城市弹性中的作用,特别是在高密度的大都市中。我们首先进行了一项批判性的审查,以开发和验证一份问卷,利用理论框架并与22位专家确认衍生标准。城市景观的关键弹性属性包括灵活性、效率、活动性、连通性和多样性。利用最佳-最差方法(BWM),我们识别出这些属性中最重要和最不重要的。然后,通过XLSTAT软件,采用层次贝叶斯分析法对问卷调查结果(n = 386,女性占60.36%)进行分析,计算各属性的部分价值效用和重要性等级。结果强调了水的存在,高树木密度和活动区域是小型城市公园的重要属性。这些见解对景观设计师来说至关重要,强调了提高公园访问量和可用性的属性。此外,本研究的创新方法为城市规划和建筑环境的研究提供了新的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Choice preferences in drum tower design among the Dong people: Evidence from the five villages in Guangxi, China 侗族鼓楼设计的选择偏好:来自广西五个村落的证据
IF 3.1 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.003
Siyi Jia , Wanyu Guo , Mohd Hafizal Bin Mohd Isa , Zalena Binti Abdul Aziz , Muhamad Azhar bin Ghazali
Chengyang Eight Village is renowned as a gathering site for the Dong ethnic group and the most prominent area for wooden architecture. Drum tower is an extremely important representative of wooden architecture that can influence the economic and tourism development of the region, providing functions of public activities, communication, and ethnic identity. However, widespread issues such as damage, abandonment, or disappearance threaten drum towers, which are crucial spiritual centres for Dong villages. Despite the social and functional significance of drum towers, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of how people interact with them. This study aims to analyse Dong people's choice preferences in drum tower design, to examine the importance of 84 practices and influencing factors and propose a research path for study choice preferences. This study selected five villages among the Chengyang Eight Village as the research sites. Based on data from literature, field investigations, questionnaires and statistical analysis methods, this study analysed the choice preferences of local villagers regarding drum tower design. Five steps, 24 elements and 84 practices of drum towers were studied, and the impacts of the four influencing factors (Practicality, Economy, Decoration, and Belonging) on the three levels of the 84 practices were examined. Results showed that drum towers are a part of a complex, mutually reinforcing system where villagers and the towers mutually promote and influence each other. Villagers exhibited ambivalence towards drum tower design, navigating between deep-rooted traditions and evolving functional needs in contemporary contexts. Drawing on the Space-Behaviour Interaction Theory, this study examined the interaction between villagers and drum towers through a comprehensive approach of qualitative and quantitative methods, and established a research path for choice preferences. This study significantly enriches the discourse on minority village studies and traditional architecture, and provides valuable references for cultural heritage preservation and policy formulation.
城阳八村是侗族的聚集地,也是木结构建筑最突出的地区。鼓楼是影响该地区经济和旅游发展的木结构建筑的极其重要的代表,具有公共活动、交流和民族认同的功能。然而,作为侗族村寨重要的精神中心,鼓楼普遍存在着损坏、废弃或消失等问题。尽管鼓楼具有社会和功能意义,但人们对人们如何与它们互动缺乏全面的了解。本研究旨在分析侗族人在鼓楼设计中的选择偏好,考察84项实践的重要性及其影响因素,并提出研究选择偏好的研究路径。本研究选取城阳八村中的五个村作为研究地点。本研究采用文献资料法、实地调查法、问卷调查法和统计分析法,分析了当地村民对鼓楼设计的选择偏好。研究了五步二十四要素、84种鼓楼实践,考察了实用性、经济性、装饰性、归属感四个影响因素对84种实践三个层面的影响。结果表明,鼓楼是一个复杂的、相互促进的系统的一部分,村民和鼓楼相互促进、相互影响。村民们对鼓楼的设计表现出矛盾的态度,在根深蒂固的传统和当代环境中不断发展的功能需求之间进行导航。本研究借鉴空间行为互动理论,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,对村民与鼓楼的互动进行考察,构建了村民选择偏好的研究路径。本研究丰富了少数民族村落研究和传统建筑的话语,为文化遗产保护和政策制定提供了有价值的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Depression or recovery? A study of the influencing elements of urban street environments to alleviate mental stress 抑郁还是恢复?城市街道环境对缓解心理压力的影响因素研究
IF 3.1 1区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.11.006
Huiyun Peng , Tingting Zhu , Tingting Yang , Mingying Zeng , Shaohua Tan , Li Yan
Studies have shown that a well-designed urban environment can have the same stress-reducing capacity as the natural environment. This may provide an opportunity to improve population health. In this study, we used a combination of traditional interviews and biosensing techniques to simulate the effects of living streets on emotional states within the First Ring Road of Chengdu City, and then scientifically analyzed the health effects of street environments. Within the First Ring Road of Chengdu City, we extracted the characteristics of the street environment through real-life perception experiments, and extensively photographed and sampled the living streets in the main urban area of Chengdu City, and collected the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of the people when they viewed different street photographs, so as to analyze the correlation between the characteristics of the street environment and the mental health of the people. The results show that the environmental characteristics of living streets that affect people's psychological perception are: green looking ratio, motor vehicle presence rate, degree of walkability, environmental complexity, building enclosure, facility distribution rate, sky visibility, elevation permeability, slow-moving occurrences and color richness. Motor vehicle presence rate and environmental complexity had a significant positive correlation with boredom, elevation permeability had a significant positive correlation with engagement mood, green looking ratio and building enclosure had a significant positive correlation with interest mood, and environmental complexity had a significant negative correlation with interest mood.
研究表明,设计良好的城市环境具有与自然环境相同的减压能力。这可能为改善人口健康提供机会。本研究采用传统访谈和生物传感技术相结合的方法,模拟成都市一环内生活街道对情绪状态的影响,并科学分析街道环境对健康的影响。在成都市一环内,我们通过现实感知实验提取街道环境特征,并对成都市主城区的生活街道进行广泛的拍摄和采样,采集人们在观看不同街道照片时的脑电图(EEG)信号,分析街道环境特征与人们心理健康的相关性。结果表明:影响人们心理感知的生活街道环境特征有:绿化率、机动车出勤率、可步行性、环境复杂性、建筑围护性、设施分布率、天空能见度、高程通透性、慢行现象和色彩丰富度。机动车出现率和环境复杂性与无聊感呈显著正相关,立面通透性与投入情绪呈显著正相关,绿化观感率和建筑围护度与兴趣情绪呈显著正相关,环境复杂性与兴趣情绪呈显著负相关。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers of Architectural Research
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