Frontiers of Architectural Research最新文献_第8页

The architectural characteristics of the traditional castles in Al-Hejaz, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Shanqal Castle as a case study 以沙特阿拉伯王国（KSA） Al-Hejaz传统城堡的建筑特征为例，对尚卡尔城堡进行了研究

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.008

Hissah Al-Shammari , Munirah Al-Qahtani , Mohamed Metwalli , Mohamed Enab

This study aims to analyze the architectural characteristics of traditional castles in Al-Hejaz, KSA, with the goal of elucidating their historical significance, cultural value, and architectural importance. The research focuses on identifying the distinctive elements of these castles and their role in enhancing the understanding and appreciation of cultural heritage in Saudi Arabia, particularly by examining Shanqal Castle as a significant yet previously understudied example. The study seeks to comprehend both the architectural and historical features of traditional castles in the region. Moreover, it investigates the influence of social, economic, and environmental factors on these structures, providing a detailed examination of Shanqal Castle as a prominent representative of this architectural typology. The research methodology includes field studies and archaeological surveys of Shanqal Castle, utilizing technological tools such as 3D modeling and photogrammetry. Additionally, it employs an analytical-inductive approach to examining relevant sources and references, alongside descriptive methods to interpret the remaining ruins of the castle.

本研究旨在分析沙特阿拉伯Al-Hejaz传统城堡的建筑特征，以阐明其历史意义、文化价值和建筑重要性。研究的重点是确定这些城堡的独特元素，以及它们在提高对沙特阿拉伯文化遗产的理解和欣赏方面的作用，特别是通过研究尚卡尔城堡作为一个重要的但以前未被充分研究的例子。这项研究旨在了解该地区传统城堡的建筑和历史特征。此外，它还调查了社会、经济和环境因素对这些结构的影响，并对作为这种建筑类型的突出代表的尚卡尔城堡进行了详细的研究。研究方法包括对尚卡尔城堡的实地考察和考古调查，利用3D建模和摄影测量等技术工具。此外，它采用分析归纳的方法来检查相关的来源和参考文献，以及描述性的方法来解释城堡的剩余废墟。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying the quality of outdoor space in high-intensity residential areas: A case study of Nanjing in China 高强度居住区户外空间质量量化研究——以南京市为例

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.004

Jing Yang , Yingzhu Liu , Shuyao Ren , Wenwu Fu , Zibei Qiu

The quality of outdoor space in residential areas is of great importance to residents. However, the existing studies predominately focus on a certain types of open space. In addition, there is lack of objective quantification. In this study, a novel approach is developed in order to quantify the quality of outdoor space based on the identification of value dimensions and the classification of the open spaces. Firstly, the residential outdoor space is divided into six types of open space. Secondly, the value weights of different open spaces are calculated through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on the data from on-site and online questionnaire survey. Finally, the approach developed in this study was tested in high intensity residential areas. Results of this study helps to better understand the quality of outdoor space in high intensity residential development, hence provides useful inputs for the future planning of such developments.

居住区户外空间的质量对居民来说非常重要。然而，现有的研究主要集中在某些类型的开放空间。此外，缺乏客观的量化。本文提出了一种基于价值维度识别和开放空间分类的户外空间质量量化方法。首先，将住宅室外空间划分为六种类型的开放空间。其次，基于现场和在线问卷调查数据，采用结构方程模型（SEM）和层次分析法（AHP）计算不同开放空间的价值权重；最后，本研究开发的方法在高强度住宅区进行了测试。研究结果有助了解高密度住宅发展的户外空间质素，从而为未来规划这类发展提供有用的资料。

引用次数: 0

Investigating preferences and influencing factors of age-friendly housing environments across different age groups using the Delphi-Kano model and entropy weight TOPSIS method 采用Delphi-Kano模型和熵权TOPSIS方法研究不同年龄群体对老年友好型住房环境的偏好及其影响因素

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.007

Erxin Tu , Ying Zhou

China's escalating aging population has made home-based care the primary means of elderly support. However, current residential environments frequently fail to meet seniors' needs. Research on elderly housing lacks comparative studies across different demographic groups. This study employs the Delphi method to identify improvements for Age-Friendly Housing (AFH) and develops a Kano model questionnaire to analyze preferences among various age groups of elderly individuals. Additionally, it evaluates how living arrangements and health conditions impact these preferences. Results show that individuals aged 60–74 prioritize visual connections with the external environment and monitoring the surroundings outside their homes, while those aged 75 and above focus more on bathroom safety and indoor mobility. Seniors aged 60–74 living with children, and those aged 75 and above living with caregivers or in nursing homes, generally exhibit less concern for most design strategies. Conversely, seniors with arthritis, visual impairments, or hearing disabilities tend to favor design improvements more. Policymaking and implementation related to AFH should account for elderly individuals' diverse ages and living arrangements to set appropriate priorities, thereby aiding in optimizing resources and enhancing residents' satisfaction and quality of life.

随着中国人口老龄化的加剧，居家养老成为养老的主要方式。然而，目前的居住环境往往不能满足老年人的需求。老年人住房研究缺乏不同人口群体的比较研究。本研究采用德尔菲法来确定老年友好型住房（AFH）的改进，并开发了一个卡诺模型问卷来分析不同年龄组老年人的偏好。此外，它还评估了生活安排和健康状况如何影响这些偏好。结果显示，60-74岁的人优先考虑与外部环境的视觉联系，并监测家外环境，而75岁及以上的人更关注浴室安全和室内流动性。60-74岁和孩子一起生活的老年人，以及75岁及以上和照顾者一起生活或住在养老院的老年人，通常对大多数设计策略表现出较少的关注。相反，患有关节炎、视觉障碍或听力障碍的老年人倾向于更喜欢设计改进。在制定和推行有关安老院舍的政策时，应考虑到长者不同的年龄和生活安排，设定适当的优先次序，从而有助优化资源，提高长者的满意度和生活质素。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring thermal comfort for the older adults: A comparative study in Dalian City's diverse living environments 探讨老年人热舒适：大连市不同居住环境的比较研究

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.011

Yuan Su , Aruhan Gong , Chanjuan Wang , Yu Han , Weijun Gao

China's aging population is a pressing issue, with the need for comfortable living environments for older adults being paramount to their health and well-being. A study was conducted in Dalian, China, involving physical environment measurements and surveys in nursing homes and residential buildings. The investigation focused on changing indoor thermal environments and older adults' subjective sensations. The study explored physical environment satisfaction and actual thermal comfort ranges in different aging modes and space characteristics. The results show that older people spend most time in bedrooms, and dissatisfaction with the thermal environment in winter and summer is high, reaching 42% and 74%, respectively. Residential buildings generally have higher indoor temperatures than nursing homes, with a mean PMV difference of 0.9 in winter. Furthermore, thermal comfort models show that the comfort zones for nursing homes are more comprehensive in winter but smaller in summer. This study provides valuable information for future research on thermal comfort of older adults in different aging modes, facilitating the creation of healthier indoor thermal environments.

中国的人口老龄化是一个紧迫的问题，为老年人提供舒适的生活环境对他们的健康和福祉至关重要。在中国大连进行了一项研究，对养老院和住宅楼进行了物理环境测量和调查。调查的重点是室内热环境的变化和老年人的主观感觉。研究探讨了不同老化方式和空间特征下的物理环境满意度和实际热舒适范围。结果显示，老年人在卧室的时间最多，冬季和夏季对热环境的不满程度较高，分别达到42%和74%。住宅建筑的室内温度普遍高于养老院，冬季平均PMV差为0.9。此外，热舒适模型表明，养老院的舒适区在冬季更全面，而在夏季更小。本研究为今后研究不同老龄化模式下老年人的热舒适提供了有价值的信息，有助于创造更健康的室内热环境。

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引用次数: 0

Marginalized Modern Architectural Heritage in Indonesia: The case of transformator huisje (gardu listrik) architecture of the Nederlandsche Indisch era 印度尼西亚被边缘化的现代建筑遗产：以荷兰和印度时代的变压器式建筑为例

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.005

Ikaputra Ikaputra, Dyah Titisari Widyastuti

This study is in order to implement the mandate of UNESCO (2003) on the documentation of architectural heritage of the modern period of the 19th-20th century, where in reality several typologies of architectural heritage are currently in a marginalized condition. As part of the history of modern architecture in Indonesia, transformator huisje (Dutch) or “gardu listrik” (Indonesian) which still exist today, are not widely known as buildings that have important values in the past. This study aims to reveal whether transformator huisje architecture is classified as Modern Heritage, by tracing its historical background. Architectural analysis of 61 transformator huisje was conducted to build a “genesis”—a scheme of origin—of transformator huisje which can explain how this type of architecture was formed in accordance with the values or principles of modern architecture. The study findings show that all design features of transformator huisje as buildings for machines are strong representations of Modern Architectural Heritage in Asia, especially the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia). In conclusion, with the finding that transformator huisje is categorized as Modern Architectural Heritage, a strategy is needed to maintain this type of architecture as evidence of modern civilization in Indonesia.

本研究是为了执行联合国教科文组织（2003）关于19 -20世纪现代时期建筑遗产记录的任务，在现实中，建筑遗产的几种类型目前处于边缘状态。作为印度尼西亚现代建筑史的一部分，今天仍然存在的transformator huisje（荷兰语）或“gardu listrik”（印度尼西亚语）在过去并不被广泛认为是具有重要价值的建筑。本研究旨在通过追溯其历史背景，揭示变压器徽商建筑是否被归类为现代遗产。对61座变压器回炉进行建筑分析，构建一个“起源”——变压器回炉的起源方案，来解释这种类型的建筑是如何按照现代建筑的价值观或原则形成的。研究结果表明，变压器房作为机器建筑的所有设计特征都是亚洲现代建筑遗产的强烈代表，特别是荷属东印度群岛（印度尼西亚）。综上所述，随着变压器huisje被归类为现代建筑遗产的发现，需要采取策略来维护这种类型的建筑，作为印度尼西亚现代文明的证据。

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引用次数: 0

Pedestrian vitality characteristics in pedestrianized commercial streets-considering temporal, spatial, and built environment factors 商业街步行活力特征——考虑时间、空间和建成环境因素

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.006

Haitao Lian , Xuan Li , Wenyu Zhou , Junhan Zhang , Haozhe Li

Trajectory data is commonly used in environmental behavior studies to explore the relation between the built environment of commercial streets and urban vitality. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on the combined effects of pedestrian mobility characteristics, which are crucial for the design and management of pedestrianized commercial streets, and built environment factors. By analyzing trajectory data from two similarly designed pedestrian commercial streets—Beijing's Sanlitun Taikoo Li South and Chengdu's Taikoo Li, the XGBoost model is utilized to conduct a quantitative analysis of the combined impact of built environment factors. The results indicate that, in terms of time, pedestrianized commercial streets exhibit the highest vitality on non-working day evenings. Spatially, the main streets show higher vitality than secondary streets. The contribution of each factor to the results is quantified using the average Shapley values, with the most influential environmental factors being the intensity of anchor stores (4.44%), the number of seating areas (3.08%), and the green view index (2.09%). The combination of anchor store intensity and green view index has the most pronounced cross-temporal and cross-regional effect, while the interaction of anchor store intensity, green view index, and street width collectively enhances street vitality.

轨迹数据是环境行为研究中常用的数据，用于探索商业街建成环境与城市活力之间的关系。然而，对于步行街设计与管理中至关重要的行人流动性特征与建成环境因素的综合影响，缺乏深入的研究。通过分析北京三里屯太古里南和成都太古里两条设计相似的步行街的轨迹数据，利用XGBoost模型对建筑环境因素的综合影响进行定量分析。结果表明，从时间上看，商业街步行街在非工作时间的晚上表现出最高的活力。在空间上，主街比次街更具活力。每个因素对结果的贡献使用平均Shapley值进行量化，其中影响最大的环境因素是锚店强度（4.44%），座位区域数量（3.08%）和绿色景观指数（2.09%）。锚店强度与绿色景观指数的组合具有最显著的跨时间和跨区域效应，而锚店强度、绿色景观指数和街道宽度的相互作用共同增强了街道活力。

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引用次数: 0

Landscape transparency: An approach to elucidating and harmonizing contradictions in contemporary landscape design 景观透明：阐明与协调当代景观设计中矛盾的途径

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.07.012

Xiang Zhou, Xinyu Wu

The concept of “transparency” has evolved from a spatial aesthetic to a spatial property that describes the underlying organization of things and derives its “contradiction” from the combination of “orderliness” and “polysemy”. This contradiction arises from the unity of opposites between synchrony and diachrony in modernity—where the rational logic of synchrony pursues “orderliness”, while the concept of mobility in diachrony is oriented towards “polysemy”. The path to linguistic transparency can be summarized in three dimensions: distortion of morpheme, recomposition of phraseme, and double-entendre of semanteme. Due to the shared symbolic meaning between language and graphics, the framework of graphic language can be employed to analyze the evolution and variation of transparency's essential feature across painting, architecture, and landscape. Landscape transparency shares commonalities with painting and architecture regarding morphemes, phraseme, and semanteme; however, as landscape expands in scope, its transparent representations exhibit gradual synthesis and complexity. The synthesis and complexity can be decomposed into three unique endogenous contradictions within landscapes: “dynamic growth”, “multiscale nesting”, and “spatio-temporal overlapping”. These characteristics have led to the expanded expression of landscape transparency that differs from painting and architecture on three levels: morpheme usage, phraseme construction, and semanteme interpretation. Consequently, this breakthrough transcends geometric two-dimensional compositions and three-dimensional spatial organizations, enabling future-oriented landscape design to embrace pluralism and inter-adaptability.

“透明”的概念已经从一种空间美学演变为一种空间属性，它描述了事物的潜在组织，并从“有序”和“多义”的结合中衍生出其“矛盾”。这种矛盾源于现代性中共时性与历时性的对立统一——共时性的理性逻辑追求“有序”，而历时性的移动性概念则倾向于“一词多义”。语言透明化的途径可以概括为三个维度：语素失真、词组重组和语义双关语。由于语言和图形具有共同的象征意义，因此可以用图形语言的框架来分析透明的本质特征在绘画、建筑和景观之间的演变和变化。景观透明度与绘画和建筑在语素、短语和语义上有共同之处；然而，随着景观范围的扩大，其透明表征呈现出逐渐的综合性和复杂性。这种综合性和复杂性可以分解为景观内部三种独特的内生矛盾：“动态生长”、“多尺度嵌套”和“时空重叠”。这些特点导致了景观透明度的扩展表达在三个层面上不同于绘画和建筑：语素使用、短语结构和语义解释。因此，这种突破超越了几何的二维构成和三维空间组织，使面向未来的景观设计拥抱多元化和相互适应性。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing image recognition characteristics in landscape architecture: A study using eye tracking with a focus on educational perspectives 景观建筑中的图像识别特征分析：基于教育视角的眼动追踪研究

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.010

Eujin Julia Kim , Youngeun Kang

Despite the educational importance of visual communication skills in spatial design education, the patterns and characteristics of students' image recognition, as well as the underlying mechanisms and influencing factors, remain unknown. This study employs objective measurement through eye-tracking to investigate students' image recognition patterns in response to a range of spatial problems, including those specific to landscape architecture based on designers' plans and perspectives, as well as their overall learning capacity. The research compares eye movements as Landscape Architecture students explore different learning materials, considering spatial scale, dimensions, and degree of detail. Additionally, influential factors such as problem difficulty and students' ability levels are examined. Results reveal that students experience significantly less visual attention pressure in Landscape Architecture-specific Spatial Ability tests, suggesting that those at a rudimentary level easily access and accept spatial learning materials in this domain due to visual coherency and real-world spatial familiarity. Furthermore, spatial scale emerges as a significant factor affecting recognition patterns, indicating higher levels of visual attention required for large-scale spatial design drawings. The findings suggest that neurophysiological data, such as eye-tracking, is effective in understanding students' challenges and mental pressures in learning visual communication skills in Landscape Architecture education. This study's insights may assist Landscape Architecture educators in developing design studio projects and assignments that align with students' cognitive characteristics in image recognition.

尽管视觉传达技能在空间设计教育中具有重要的教育意义，但学生图像识别的模式和特征、潜在的机制和影响因素尚不清楚。本研究采用眼动追踪的客观测量方法，考察学生在面对一系列空间问题时的图像识别模式，包括基于设计师的规划和视角的景观设计问题，以及学生的整体学习能力。该研究比较了景观设计专业学生在探索不同学习材料时的眼球运动，考虑了空间尺度、尺寸和细节程度。此外，还考察了问题难度和学生能力水平等影响因素。结果表明，在景观建筑空间能力测试中，学生的视觉注意力压力明显减小，这表明初级水平的学生由于视觉一致性和对现实世界空间的熟悉，更容易获取和接受该领域的空间学习材料。此外，空间尺度是影响识别模式的重要因素，表明对大型空间设计图纸的视觉注意力要求更高。研究结果表明，神经生理学数据，如眼球追踪，可以有效地理解学生在景观设计教育中学习视觉传达技能的挑战和心理压力。本研究的见解可以帮助风景园林教育者开发符合学生图像识别认知特征的设计工作室项目和作业。

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引用次数: 0

Generative AI models for different steps in architectural design: A literature review 建筑设计中不同步骤的生成式AI模型：文献综述

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.001

Chengyuan Li , Tianyu Zhang , Xusheng Du , Ye Zhang , Haoran Xie

Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been significantly driven by models such as generative adversarial networks (GANs), variational autoencoders (VAEs), and denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs). Although architects recognize the potential of generative AI in design, personal barriers often restrict their access to the latest technological developments, thereby causing the application of generative AI in architectural design to lag behind. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the principles and advancements of generative AI models and analyze their relevance in architecture applications. This paper first provides an overview of generative AI technologies, with a focus on probabilistic diffusion models (DDPMs), 3D generative models, and foundation models, highlighting their recent developments and main application scenarios. Then, the paper explains how the abovementioned models could be utilized in architecture. We subdivide the architectural design process into six steps and review related research projects in each step from 2020 to the present. Lastly, this paper discusses potential future directions for applying generative AI in the architectural design steps. This research can help architects quickly understand the development and latest progress of generative AI and contribute to the further development of intelligent architecture.

生成式人工智能（AI）技术的最新进展在很大程度上受到了生成式对抗网络（gan）、变分自编码器（VAEs）和去噪扩散概率模型（ddpm）等模型的推动。虽然建筑师认识到生成式人工智能在设计中的潜力，但个人障碍往往限制了他们获得最新技术发展，从而导致生成式人工智能在建筑设计中的应用滞后。因此，理解生成式人工智能模型的原理和进步，并分析它们在建筑应用中的相关性是至关重要的。本文首先概述了生成式人工智能技术，重点介绍了概率扩散模型（ddpm）、三维生成模型和基础模型，重点介绍了它们的最新发展和主要应用场景。然后，本文解释了上述模型在建筑中的应用。我们将建筑设计过程细分为六个步骤，并回顾了从2020年到现在每个步骤的相关研究项目。最后，本文讨论了在建筑设计步骤中应用生成式人工智能的潜在未来方向。本研究可以帮助建筑师快速了解生成式AI的发展和最新进展，为智能建筑的进一步发展做出贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Simulation study of non-traveling pedestrian traffic in high-speed railway station areas: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta 高铁站区非步行交通模拟研究——以长三角为例

IF 3.1 1区艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE

Frontiers of Architectural Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.foar.2024.09.006

Chenyang Zhang, Beixiang Shi, Junyan Yang

Non-Traveling Pedestrian Traffic (NTPT) plays a pivotal role in promoting business development and resident activities within High-Speed Railway Station Areas (HSRSA). However, extracting NTPT from the substantial human flow in HSRSA is technically challenging, leading to an insufficient previous discourse on the subject. In this study, we developed a simulation model for NTPT based on spatial and functional data, complemented by an evaluation framework incorporating indicators such as completeness, hierarchy, and centrality. The feasibility of this model is heightened by its reduced reliance on the collection and processing of massive pedestrian flow data. Using the Yangtze River Delta in China as a case study, the model simulation results show that limitations in NTPT development in the HSRSAs primarily stem from the lack of links between nodes and deficiencies in guiding and reinforcing these links, in addition to the fact that high-speed rail passengers exert a pronounced negative impact on NTPT. This study illustrates that NTPT is a consequence of the comprehensive interplay of spatial planning, functional development, and management policies in HSRSA. The analytical framework developed in this study contributes to elucidating the multifactorial mechanisms influencing NTPT.

非步行交通在高铁站区的商业发展和居民活动中起着至关重要的作用。然而，从HSRSA的大量人流量中提取NTPT在技术上具有挑战性，导致先前关于该主题的论述不足。在这项研究中，我们建立了一个基于空间和功能数据的NTPT模拟模型，并辅以一个包含完整性、层次和中心性等指标的评估框架。该模型减少了对大量行人流量数据收集和处理的依赖，提高了其可行性。以中国长三角地区为例，模型仿真结果表明，高铁区域NTPT发展的局限性主要在于节点之间缺乏联系，引导和加强这些联系的能力不足，以及高铁旅客对NTPT产生明显的负面影响。该研究表明，NTPT是HSRSA空间规划、功能开发和管理政策综合作用的结果。本研究建立的分析框架有助于阐明影响NTPT的多因素机制。

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引用次数: 0