Frontiers of Architectural Research最新文献

Urban agglomeration is a serious concern due to its high energy usage and impact on the local climate. Developing countries strive to determine the development path to optimize energy usage. The present study aims to examine the local climatic zones (LCZs) performance in warm and humid climate through a multi-objective approach for the residential sector. The performance is assessed by evaluating the urban microclimate and cooling load consumption for both summer and winter months using binomial logistic regression. The study concludes that LCZ $2_3$ (compact mid-rise with open low-rise) and LCZ $6_B$ (open low-rise with scattered trees) perform better for 80% and 50% of total hours in warm and humid climate. It also proves the presence of significant performance differences between mid-rise and low-rise zones. The intra-zonal differences between the climatic variables are higher than the inter-zonal differences due to the impact of land surface temperature (LST). The high aspect ratio and low sky view factor of LCZ $2_3$ help the residents in that morphology in enhancing better thermal comfort and reducing cooling load consumption. The present study contributes to building regulation policymakers by providing information on the suitable morphology for warm and humid climate.

Global climate change and the accelerated melting of glaciers have raised concerns about the ability to manage ice-snow environments. Historically, human ancestors have mastered the ecological wisdom of working with ice-snow environments, but the phenomenon has not yet been articulated in cultural landscape methodologies that emphasize “nature-culture relevance”. The challenging living environment often compels indigenous people to form a strong bond with their surroundings, leading to the creation of long-term ecological wisdom through synergistic relationships with the environment. This ecological environment is conceptualized as a cognitive space in the form of the landscape, with which the aboriginal community norms and individual spirits continually interact. Such interactions generate numerous non-material cultural evidences, such as culture, art, religion, and other ideological aspects of the nation. These evidences symbolize the intellectual outcome of the relationship between humans and the landscape, and they create the “spiritual relevance” through personification and contextualization. The aim of the study is to explore the traditional ecological wisdom of the Inuit people who live in the harsh Arctic, and analyze the Inuit's interaction with the landscape through the lens of “associative cultural landscape”, and decode the survival experience that the Inuit have accumulated through their long-term synergy with the Arctic environment. The findings focus on the synergy between the Inuit and the ice-snow landscape, examining the knowledge and ecological wisdom that the Inuit acquire from the ice-snow landscape. Our goal is to develop a perspective of the ecological environment from the viewpoint of aboriginal people and establish a methodology, model, and framework for “associative cultural landscape” that incorporates ethnic non-material cultural evidences. From the results, a total of nine models for interpreting traditional Inuit ecological wisdom are generated based on the “diamond model” of “associative cultural landscape”, covering the transition from the physical landscape to a spiritual one and demonstrating the associative role of the landscape in stimulating potential spiritual cognitive abilities in humans.

The present research studies the relationship between place attachment and the perception of form's visual quality in fifteen outstanding contemporary Iranian architectural cultural buildings. This study puts forward the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the quality of building form and the sense of place attachment, in the sense that creating high visual quality through enhancing the quality of building form increases citizens' initial satisfaction with and subsequent attachment to the building. High visual quality influences people's experience of the environment and improves the quality of life. Place attachment highlights how people, on a personal level, recreate a sense of place for themselves. The present study adopts the descriptive-analytical method as its theoretical framework and the survey as the empirical methodology. Questionnaires were developed using the Likert scale and distributed among experts and ordinary citizens. Data analysis using SPSS and the adoption of descriptive-analytical statistics, correlation analysis, and regression showed the relationship among the characteristics of indicators. The results show a positive correlation between form and place attachment mediated through visual quality, and they are causal conditions for one another. In addition, only some of the buildings under study evoke the same level of place attachment.

This article examines Block A, the first block-style building in Heybeliada Sanatorium in Istanbul. The purpose of this research is to understand its architectural and spatial development and discuss how in fact it was a “prototype” of Turkish sanatoria. Approached with a three-step methodology (documentation/evaluation/results) this research conducts architectural and spatial analysis on Block A. Primary sources like architectural documentation and restitution drawings, the writings of the institution's head doctor Tevfik İsmail Gökçe, periodicals on tuberculosis (TB), as well as pertinent literature are utilized. The findings demonstrate that Block A's development (1924–1945) was the result of knowledge transfer that introduced the universal sanatorium design principles, spatial experiments, adaptation to sociocultural norms, and trial-and-error processes. Not only it had a major impact on shaping of the second block-type building in the complex, the “model” Block B, but it also became exemplary of the subsequent Turkish sanatoria. The originality of this article is its exploration of the changing and evolving Block A in its resonation with the cultural tensions of Turkey's modernization process. This was established via the assessment of budgetary issues, medical developments and climatic experiments, the social issue of scarcity of TB beds in the country, spatial practices to separate the sexes as reflections of local traditions and culture in the shaping of spaces.

This study reflects on the impact that the neighborhoods' in-between spaces have on: spatial perception, social interaction, and security. These sites, characterized by their abandonment and deterioration, can also be seen as crucial spaces of opportunity for cities, in the architectural, urban and landscape research. This paper aims to analyze the socio-spatial relationships in the neighborhoods’ in-between spaces and examine the impact of in-between space configuration on urban habitability. The investigation draws on a survey of perception to residents about the requirements for a suitable social interaction in these spaces. This study was developed in a neighborhood in the city periphery, characterized by their social dynamics and location in a nature conservation area. The findings indicate that the appropriation process, activities, and collective practices are dependent on the spatial legibility, in this case when this increases, gives rise to improve the habitability and the rehabilitation of the in-between space. Furthermore, the lack of design on in-between spaces substantially affects the use of these spaces and the social interaction among residents.

The progressive deindustrialisation of many western cities since the 1980s has led to many industrial zones linked to port activities being abandoned or falling into disuse. Cities such as Barcelona, Naples, Lisbon, Amsterdam, and Hamburg have port industrial complexes of high tangible and intangible heritage value that could totally or partially disappear, resulting in an irreparable loss of their scientific, architectural, social, technological, and historical values. With that in mind, Adaptive Reuse (AR) of the built heritage allows the industrial memory of the ports to be preserved by turning them into new functional centres within the existing urban structure. That occurs in the context of the contemporary challenges of those cities, such as touristification, the circular economy and climate change, while guaranteeing the life cycle of those buildings. This article analyses two case studies—the Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij (NDSM) and the Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij (RDM) shipyards, both in the Netherlands—in order to contribute to the knowledge of AR of Port Industrial Heritage. They are two examples of good practices in port industrial heritage interventions, where the factors behind their acclaim can be easily highlighted. A multi-scale methodology is therefore used and tailored to the case of port industrial heritage, based on analysing previous studies of the heritage in different spheres and on different scales. A relationship matrix tool is thus defined. It enables a comparative study to be conducted, using key variables and indicators, and considering qualitative and quantitative data. That provides extensive output information for each case study, which is summarised in the most favourable factors for the success of the AR of this port industrial heritage.

This paper presents a design framework of a shading device applied on a building envelope, with a scheduled automatic activation logic, based on a sun path diagram. This proposal aims to balance the direct sun indoor exposure by evaluating the envelope area exposed to direct sun rays and the hourly activation rate of shading devices. These procedures are over the parametric modeling and simulation platform using raytracing, structural finite element analysis, and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) prototyping. The design process of building envelopes equipped with kinetic devices can use all these design resources. The kinetic device's activation logic relies on the feed-forward paradigm, scheduling the activation from the parametric modeling and the sun path diagram, using an angle threshold between the device post and the sun vector as a parameter. The design framework showed the preliminary path to develop shading devices considering the building envelope shape with a feed-forward activation logic based on local sun path characteristics.

Experts in the field of architecture and landscape design have reached a broad consensus that the Chinese literati garden is a type of built environment that seamlessly integrates architecture and landscape with exceptional cultural, artistic, and historical values. However, previous site-based studies have often leaned towards either a subjective description of the experience or a technical analysis of the space. Both approaches may result in oversimplified interpretations of the Chinese literati garden, failing to adequately capture its fundamental spatial-experiential structure.

This paper aims to address this challenge through the lens of phenomenology. Specifically, it examines an essential spatial-experiential structure—the FS-FW structure—embedded within the Chinese literati garden. The term FS-FW structure, as meticulously established in this paper, refers to the spatial-experiential structure formed by the relationship between one's experience within a single “focusing space” (a space built for visitors to linger and mindfully appreciate their surroundings) and that within its “focused world” (a phenomenal world of surroundings generated during visitors' stay in the focusing space).

Using the Master of the Nets Garden as a case study, this paper investigates how the FS-FW structure shapes one's experiences within a literati garden and explores several important mechanisms related to it. A variety of methods are employed throughout, with GIS-based spatial-visual analysis being particularly significant. The case study leads to a series of original results, including some significant mechanisms, that explain how Chinese literati gardens shape visitors' experiences. This paper concludes that the FS-FW structure is a key factor responsible for shaping a continuous, rich, and clearly formulated experience within the Chinese literati garden.

Urban waterfronts are important gateways that reflect a city's image and characteristics. Evaluating waterfront vitality and its influencing factors is critical for guiding urban waterfront planning and redevelopment. Hourly human movement data, provided by the Baidu Heatmap, were used to explore the weekday and weekend urban vitality spatial distribution characteristics of the waterfronts of the Qinhuai River in Nanjing. Global (ordinary least squares) and local (multiscale geographically weighted regression) models revealed the influence of physical–environmental characteristics (objective) and spatial experience evaluation factors (subjective) on urban vitality. (1) The Qinhuai River waterfront urban vitality agglomeration characteristics were similar between weekdays and weekends, and the core vitality areas were distributed in the dense tourism, commercial, and residential areas along the river. (2) The evaluation of catering experience had the strongest positive correlation with vitality, whereas the waterfront distance had the strongest negative correlation. (3) The influence of each factor on waterfront vitality in the study area exhibited considerable spatial differences, with attenuation trends observed from the east-to-west river sections. This study shows the urban vitality distribution characteristics of the Qinhuai River waterfront spaces. Exploring the influence of physical–environmental and spatial evaluation factors on the vitality distribution can provide a scientific basis and reference for urban waterfront planning and redevelopment focusing on cultivating vitality.

Taking the constituent elements other than the main buildings of local Confucian temples as a research object, including memorial archway, screen wall, Pan-chi (pond), worship altar, sacrificial hall, pavilion and tower, this paper combines textual narrative and historical measurement to sort out the production and development history of these constituent elements. It analyzes the spatial evolution trend of Confucian temples to present the dynamic processes of derivation of constituent elements and spatial evolution of local Confucian temples. On this basis, this paper surveys the causes of the growth of Confucian temples from a macro historical perspective by considering political, social and cultural factors. This dynamic development process, sacred and secular as it is, will grow and last forever under the multiple official implications and folk beliefs.