Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/1
Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, L. Morawski
DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2021/14-2/1 ABSTRACT. We study the effect of pensions and volunteering on subjective wellbeing (SWB) of elderly using the latest wave 6 of Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). This is the first study to consider pensions and volunteering simultaneously as determinants of SWB among elderly. We find that the effect of volunteering on SWB is not much smaller or indeed about as large as that of pensions. The most SWB is associated with volunteering about every week, but there is already a substantial effect even if one volunteers only about every month. We also find that the higher the income or wealth, but not pension, the lower the effect of volunteering – there may be higher opportunity cost for richer people to engage in volunteering. High European pensions may be unsustainable in the long run – we argue that promotion of volunteering is one way to increase elderly’s subjective wellbeing amidst tightening budgets.
{"title":"A similar effect of volunteering and pensions on subjective wellbeing of elderly","authors":"Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn, L. Morawski","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/1","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2021/14-2/1 ABSTRACT. We study the effect of pensions and volunteering on subjective wellbeing (SWB) of elderly using the latest wave 6 of Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). This is the first study to consider pensions and volunteering simultaneously as determinants of SWB among elderly. We find that the effect of volunteering on SWB is not much smaller or indeed about as large as that of pensions. The most SWB is associated with volunteering about every week, but there is already a substantial effect even if one volunteers only about every month. We also find that the higher the income or wealth, but not pension, the lower the effect of volunteering – there may be higher opportunity cost for richer people to engage in volunteering. High European pensions may be unsustainable in the long run – we argue that promotion of volunteering is one way to increase elderly’s subjective wellbeing amidst tightening budgets.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47825108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/8
J. Jankiewicz, Przemysław Garsztka, E. Jarosz
DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2021/14-2/8 ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to estimate the parameters of the household production function as well as assessing the monetary value of the goods and services produced. The existence of jointness seems to be supported not only by sheer intuition, but also by the results of the calculations presented in this study. In order to supplement the statistical material included in the timeuse database, data from the surveys on household budgets as well as remuneration structure by occupation were used. The results of the present study are similar to the findings published in other articles in the respect that market goods as inputs in the production process have been found to play a greater role in determining its value than the time spent by spouses. Thus, in the vast majority of cases, the elasticity of production relative to market goods is clearly greater than its elasticity in terms of time expenditure. So, if material inputs in household production are the function of their earnings, the latter will be one of the most important factors differentiating the value of the nonmarket production outputs of individuals.
{"title":"Consumption in Polish households - production function parameters and monetary value of non-market goods","authors":"J. Jankiewicz, Przemysław Garsztka, E. Jarosz","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/8","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2021/14-2/8 ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to estimate the parameters of the household production function as well as assessing the monetary value of the goods and services produced. The existence of jointness seems to be supported not only by sheer intuition, but also by the results of the calculations presented in this study. In order to supplement the statistical material included in the timeuse database, data from the surveys on household budgets as well as remuneration structure by occupation were used. The results of the present study are similar to the findings published in other articles in the respect that market goods as inputs in the production process have been found to play a greater role in determining its value than the time spent by spouses. Thus, in the vast majority of cases, the elasticity of production relative to market goods is clearly greater than its elasticity in terms of time expenditure. So, if material inputs in household production are the function of their earnings, the latter will be one of the most important factors differentiating the value of the nonmarket production outputs of individuals.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49611756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/11
M. Szostak, A. Sułkowski
. Because personal identity is one of the key elements constituting an individual, and perception of different type of identities is a key feature in identity work, we think that the research in the area of perception of artists, creators, managers, entrepreneurs, and leaders should bring important conclusions to the understanding of those identities. We ran a literature review and quantitative research among society representatives (n=160). The main findings of our research show that artists, creators, managers, entrepreneurs, and leaders are perceived differentially by society although we can find areas of similarities and important differences. The hypotheses were confirmed using chi-square test of independence dedicated to small samples which don’t have a normal distribution (p<0.001): H1. Majority of the society does not recognize differences between creativity and artistry; H2. Creativity and entrepreneurship have similar perceptions among society; H3. Leadership and organizing have similar perceptions among society. The results of this research can be used to compare the identity perceived by individuals and the perception of these identities by society.
{"title":"Artist, creator, manager, entrepreneur, leader: How society perceive these identities?","authors":"M. Szostak, A. Sułkowski","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/11","url":null,"abstract":". Because personal identity is one of the key elements constituting an individual, and perception of different type of identities is a key feature in identity work, we think that the research in the area of perception of artists, creators, managers, entrepreneurs, and leaders should bring important conclusions to the understanding of those identities. We ran a literature review and quantitative research among society representatives (n=160). The main findings of our research show that artists, creators, managers, entrepreneurs, and leaders are perceived differentially by society although we can find areas of similarities and important differences. The hypotheses were confirmed using chi-square test of independence dedicated to small samples which don’t have a normal distribution (p<0.001): H1. Majority of the society does not recognize differences between creativity and artistry; H2. Creativity and entrepreneurship have similar perceptions among society; H3. Leadership and organizing have similar perceptions among society. The results of this research can be used to compare the identity perceived by individuals and the perception of these identities by society.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48916703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/14
Sumiyana Sumiyana, G. Susilo
DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2021/14-2/14 ABSTRACT. This study investigates small and medium-sized enterprises’ e-commerce adoption (e-CA) in Indonesia. This study differs from all the previous research on this topic, which was designed using linear models, since this study uses a structural data set and an equation model. It comprehensively outlines a new model with sequentially ordered readiness. Moreover, this research presents critical reasoning for this new model. This study rearranges organizational, industrial, and national readiness into a sequential model. The new model could explain and describe the small and medium-sized enterprises’ e-CA better than all the previous research had done. It means that organizational, industrial, and national readiness influence their stages consecutively and result in e-CA. From a methodological perspective, industrial and national readiness work as intervening variables. This suggests that each readiness is not a mutually exclusive construct, but it relates to the others in the sequential order. Therefore, this study infers that national strategic policies to enhance the small and medium-sized enterprises’ e-CA should be applied during the first, initial stage, starting from organizational to industrial and ending with national readiness. It also means that SMEs should construct their enterprises to be sequential and structural.
{"title":"Beneficial explanation for SME’s e-commerce adoption: The sequential stages of organizational, industrial and national readiness","authors":"Sumiyana Sumiyana, G. Susilo","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/14","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2021/14-2/14 ABSTRACT. This study investigates small and medium-sized enterprises’ e-commerce adoption (e-CA) in Indonesia. This study differs from all the previous research on this topic, which was designed using linear models, since this study uses a structural data set and an equation model. It comprehensively outlines a new model with sequentially ordered readiness. Moreover, this research presents critical reasoning for this new model. This study rearranges organizational, industrial, and national readiness into a sequential model. The new model could explain and describe the small and medium-sized enterprises’ e-CA better than all the previous research had done. It means that organizational, industrial, and national readiness influence their stages consecutively and result in e-CA. From a methodological perspective, industrial and national readiness work as intervening variables. This suggests that each readiness is not a mutually exclusive construct, but it relates to the others in the sequential order. Therefore, this study infers that national strategic policies to enhance the small and medium-sized enterprises’ e-CA should be applied during the first, initial stage, starting from organizational to industrial and ending with national readiness. It also means that SMEs should construct their enterprises to be sequential and structural.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46001907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/13
A. G. Raišienė, Walter Wymer, Valda Dirginčienė
. The article aims to add to knowledge of how to more effectively attain favourable marketing outcomes with respect to social marketing communications. This research sought to determine if the type of appeal had a differential influence on changing audience beliefs, audience behavioural change intentions, and audience word-of-mouth intentions. The social marketing problem in this study was unsafe driving practices, specially speeding and driving while tired or sleepy. Using a sample of 365 survey respondents in a repeated measures design, we examined the influence of appeal type on our outcome variables. We then examined the moderation effects of age and gender on the relationship between appeal type and our outcome variables. We also examined the influence of attitude toward the social marketing ad, the respondent’s unsafe driving history, and the respondent’s attention to the social marketing ad. With respect to the moderation effects of age and gender on the relationship between appeal type and our outcome variables, the results were not significant for audience belief change, but they were significant for audience behaviour change intentions; gender (but not age) was significant for audience WOM intentions. The research contributed to the social marketing communication research by examining the influence of appeal type on important and under-researched outcome variables. Ad execution variables were included, such as the audience’s attention to the ad and their attitudes toward the ad. Finally, the effects of various audience characteristics were included in our model, specially age and gender and; most importantly for social marketers, the degree to which audience members engaged in the targeted antisocial behaviour of the research.
{"title":"How humor and fear in social advertising affect drivers‘ intention to change behaviour? The case analysis","authors":"A. G. Raišienė, Walter Wymer, Valda Dirginčienė","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/13","url":null,"abstract":". The article aims to add to knowledge of how to more effectively attain favourable marketing outcomes with respect to social marketing communications. This research sought to determine if the type of appeal had a differential influence on changing audience beliefs, audience behavioural change intentions, and audience word-of-mouth intentions. The social marketing problem in this study was unsafe driving practices, specially speeding and driving while tired or sleepy. Using a sample of 365 survey respondents in a repeated measures design, we examined the influence of appeal type on our outcome variables. We then examined the moderation effects of age and gender on the relationship between appeal type and our outcome variables. We also examined the influence of attitude toward the social marketing ad, the respondent’s unsafe driving history, and the respondent’s attention to the social marketing ad. With respect to the moderation effects of age and gender on the relationship between appeal type and our outcome variables, the results were not significant for audience belief change, but they were significant for audience behaviour change intentions; gender (but not age) was significant for audience WOM intentions. The research contributed to the social marketing communication research by examining the influence of appeal type on important and under-researched outcome variables. Ad execution variables were included, such as the audience’s attention to the ad and their attitudes toward the ad. Finally, the effects of various audience characteristics were included in our model, specially age and gender and; most importantly for social marketers, the degree to which audience members engaged in the targeted antisocial behaviour of the research.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42169542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/4
Laura Martínez-Buelvas, Olga Jaramillo-Naranjo
. The present investigation has two aims: (1) to empirically examine the factors that affect QWL among the millennials working in the commercial sector in Colombia and (2) to investigate the role of a set of individual differences as moderators (for example, gender, educational level and type of contract) in a complete QWL model, based on the methodology of (Tarhini, Hone, & Liu, 2014). The instrument used was the Work Quality of Life Tool (Wage and Subjective Conditions) which has been validated in the previous studies. The total of 1,163 surveys were conducted with workers from the commercial sector in Colombia who belong to the generation Y or the millennial generation, that is, born between 1981 and 2000. The results show that training, promotion, wages and the relationship of the individual with their work directly and positively affect the quality of work life in the study sample. We conduct a confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equations, revealing that the majority of the hypothesis associated with gender, educational level and type of contract were supported. This study serves to support the establishment of programs, projects and management plans to generate adequate use of the talents and skills of the millennials and thus create challenging and satisfactory jobs that increase organizational productivity.
{"title":"Factors that affect quality of work life of the millennials linked to the commercial sector in Colombia","authors":"Laura Martínez-Buelvas, Olga Jaramillo-Naranjo","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/4","url":null,"abstract":". The present investigation has two aims: (1) to empirically examine the factors that affect QWL among the millennials working in the commercial sector in Colombia and (2) to investigate the role of a set of individual differences as moderators (for example, gender, educational level and type of contract) in a complete QWL model, based on the methodology of (Tarhini, Hone, & Liu, 2014). The instrument used was the Work Quality of Life Tool (Wage and Subjective Conditions) which has been validated in the previous studies. The total of 1,163 surveys were conducted with workers from the commercial sector in Colombia who belong to the generation Y or the millennial generation, that is, born between 1981 and 2000. The results show that training, promotion, wages and the relationship of the individual with their work directly and positively affect the quality of work life in the study sample. We conduct a confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equations, revealing that the majority of the hypothesis associated with gender, educational level and type of contract were supported. This study serves to support the establishment of programs, projects and management plans to generate adequate use of the talents and skills of the millennials and thus create challenging and satisfactory jobs that increase organizational productivity.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41362921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/9
M. Baranowski, P. Jabkowski
. In recent years, the issue of unconditional basic income has become both an element of a broad discussion among theoreticians and practitioners responsible for public policy and a basis for the experiments aimed at investigating social and economic consequences of introducing this programme; however, there is a lack of empirical analyses focused on public attitudes towards basic income. Based on the data from the European Social Survey Round 8 (n=41,830), we examined the level of support for introducing basic income and identified its individual-level determinants in 22 European countries. Our analysis focused on the systematic differences (both in the level of support for basic income and the strength of the impact of sociopolitical factors) between particular countries and different European regions, namely Western, Southern, Northern and Central-Eastern states. The results confirm that the support for basic income varies according to (a) the region of Europe as well as (b) the key role of the socioeconomic position of the individual.
{"title":"Basic income support in Europe: A cross-national analysis based on the European Social Survey Round 8","authors":"M. Baranowski, P. Jabkowski","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-2/9","url":null,"abstract":". In recent years, the issue of unconditional basic income has become both an element of a broad discussion among theoreticians and practitioners responsible for public policy and a basis for the experiments aimed at investigating social and economic consequences of introducing this programme; however, there is a lack of empirical analyses focused on public attitudes towards basic income. Based on the data from the European Social Survey Round 8 (n=41,830), we examined the level of support for introducing basic income and identified its individual-level determinants in 22 European countries. Our analysis focused on the systematic differences (both in the level of support for basic income and the strength of the impact of sociopolitical factors) between particular countries and different European regions, namely Western, Southern, Northern and Central-Eastern states. The results confirm that the support for basic income varies according to (a) the region of Europe as well as (b) the key role of the socioeconomic position of the individual.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41341810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-1/17
K. Digdowiseiso, E. Sugiyanto
. A good business environment can enhance the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that leads to better economic growth and development. Many developing countries, including Indonesia, have conducted several business reforms to support this mission. Our research aims to investigate the effect of institutional quality on the formation of SMEs in Indonesia. Additionally, our study will examine how implementation of regulations and policies by the local governments influence the creation of new SMEs in Indonesia. We use a sequential explanatory strategy whereby quantitative data collection and analysis is followed by the qualitative ones. The results of negative binomial regressions over the period of 2009–2018 show that the incidence of corruption, as well as law and order, have a positive effect on the number of new SMEs in 32 provinces of Indonesia. Meanwhile, qualitative analysis confirms the findings from the quantitative analysis that there are some problems related to the governance of licensing process such as the economic rent-seeking practices, weak coordination among local government units, the absence of a periodic evaluation, the incapability of local government apparatus in mastering information technology (IT), and the culture of gratification.
{"title":"How effective is institutional quality for the creation of small & medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia?","authors":"K. Digdowiseiso, E. Sugiyanto","doi":"10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-1/17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-1/17","url":null,"abstract":". A good business environment can enhance the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that leads to better economic growth and development. Many developing countries, including Indonesia, have conducted several business reforms to support this mission. Our research aims to investigate the effect of institutional quality on the formation of SMEs in Indonesia. Additionally, our study will examine how implementation of regulations and policies by the local governments influence the creation of new SMEs in Indonesia. We use a sequential explanatory strategy whereby quantitative data collection and analysis is followed by the qualitative ones. The results of negative binomial regressions over the period of 2009–2018 show that the incidence of corruption, as well as law and order, have a positive effect on the number of new SMEs in 32 provinces of Indonesia. Meanwhile, qualitative analysis confirms the findings from the quantitative analysis that there are some problems related to the governance of licensing process such as the economic rent-seeking practices, weak coordination among local government units, the absence of a periodic evaluation, the incapability of local government apparatus in mastering information technology (IT), and the culture of gratification.","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44816663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-1/9
Joanna Adamska‐Mieruszewska, Urszula Mrzygłód, M. Suchanek, Anna Fornalska-Skurczyńska
{"title":"Keep it simple. The impact of language on crowdfunding success","authors":"Joanna Adamska‐Mieruszewska, Urszula Mrzygłód, M. Suchanek, Anna Fornalska-Skurczyńska","doi":"10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-1/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2021/14-1/9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51663,"journal":{"name":"Economics & Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48875650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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