Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1177/14703572221128886
Aref Hosseini, B. Barekat
Studying the city as text is influenced by a phenomenon called the linguistic turn. This is because the text of the city is composed of different semiotic systems. This study employs multimodal discourse analysis as its theoretical framework. Through a close examination of the organizational, interactional and representational metafunction of the city text, the authors aim to highlight its characteristics as a communicational resource to provide a multimodal reading of the city. They demonstrate how applying a social semiotic approach to the physical dimensions of a street contributes to a particular understanding of how this public space is used or navigated and how the formal management of the flow of cars and people is materialized. Here the city is classified into different levels of resolution based on urban morphology’s description of the urban tissue. The text of the city is constructed through dialogue among meaning metafunctions on one level and among different levels. Examining different aspects of meaning in the text of Imam Khomeini Street and the city of Rasht indicates how, in such a text, the producers and participants communicate through the material aspect of the city. Uses of semiotic materials are ideological and their affordances have evolved in specific socio-political moments. In this street, the city as an institution and as a place of authority having the biggest share in the production of this text persuades other participants to follow and reproduce a certain narration of the reality. Controlling and training the body, on one hand, and using the urban space for advertising the dominant discourse, on the other hand, are the boldest motives of this street’s design, and the formation of the different dimensions of meaning is somehow at the service of the consolidation of a particular kind of everyday life.
{"title":"A multimodal critical discourse analysis of city as text: investigation of meaning metafunctions of Rasht’s Imam Khomeini Street","authors":"Aref Hosseini, B. Barekat","doi":"10.1177/14703572221128886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221128886","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the city as text is influenced by a phenomenon called the linguistic turn. This is because the text of the city is composed of different semiotic systems. This study employs multimodal discourse analysis as its theoretical framework. Through a close examination of the organizational, interactional and representational metafunction of the city text, the authors aim to highlight its characteristics as a communicational resource to provide a multimodal reading of the city. They demonstrate how applying a social semiotic approach to the physical dimensions of a street contributes to a particular understanding of how this public space is used or navigated and how the formal management of the flow of cars and people is materialized. Here the city is classified into different levels of resolution based on urban morphology’s description of the urban tissue. The text of the city is constructed through dialogue among meaning metafunctions on one level and among different levels. Examining different aspects of meaning in the text of Imam Khomeini Street and the city of Rasht indicates how, in such a text, the producers and participants communicate through the material aspect of the city. Uses of semiotic materials are ideological and their affordances have evolved in specific socio-political moments. In this street, the city as an institution and as a place of authority having the biggest share in the production of this text persuades other participants to follow and reproduce a certain narration of the reality. Controlling and training the body, on one hand, and using the urban space for advertising the dominant discourse, on the other hand, are the boldest motives of this street’s design, and the formation of the different dimensions of meaning is somehow at the service of the consolidation of a particular kind of everyday life.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76862552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1177/14703572221140494
A. Stanković
{"title":"Book review: Visualizing Black Lives: Ownership and Control in Afro-Brazilian Media","authors":"A. Stanković","doi":"10.1177/14703572221140494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221140494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77606778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1177/14703572221111804
Jane Griffith
This article uses the Museum of Vision Science and other museums of optometry as an entry point for considering the science of seeing and the seeing of science. The Museum of Vision Science, the only optometric museum in Canada, is part of an optometry school. The placement of the Museum of Vision Science within an optometry school perhaps harkens back to 19th-century examples of professional schools and museums, and this article suggests ways the museum could offer a dynamic approach to humanities understandings of vision within a science curriculum. But, more broadly, this article uses the case study of the Museum of Vision Science to consider larger possibilities for visual communication studies in conversation with optometry. Although the museum situates itself as one of vision science, it also offers a complicated ‘cultural’ history of vision. The author bridges questions of the hegemony of vision science with the practice of visual communication studies.
{"title":"The optometry of visual communication: the Museum of Vision Science","authors":"Jane Griffith","doi":"10.1177/14703572221111804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221111804","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the Museum of Vision Science and other museums of optometry as an entry point for considering the science of seeing and the seeing of science. The Museum of Vision Science, the only optometric museum in Canada, is part of an optometry school. The placement of the Museum of Vision Science within an optometry school perhaps harkens back to 19th-century examples of professional schools and museums, and this article suggests ways the museum could offer a dynamic approach to humanities understandings of vision within a science curriculum. But, more broadly, this article uses the case study of the Museum of Vision Science to consider larger possibilities for visual communication studies in conversation with optometry. Although the museum situates itself as one of vision science, it also offers a complicated ‘cultural’ history of vision. The author bridges questions of the hegemony of vision science with the practice of visual communication studies.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74640459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1177/14703572221130445
Daniel Reimann, Marie Struwe, Nilam Ram, R. Gaschler
Some types of data graphs are more easily understood than others. Following the suggestion that typically encountered graphs may activate individuals’ cognitive schema quickly, this study investigated prior exposure to and typicality of three common graph types: vertical bar graphs, horizontal bar graphs and line graphs; and three common data patterns: rising, neutral and falling. Results from two samples ( N = 57 and N = 30) suggest that vertical bar graphs are encountered more frequently, are rated as more typical and are identified more quickly than horizontal bar graphs and line graphs; also that rising data patterns are more typical than falling and neutral data patterns. The findings contribute new knowledge about the hierarchical structure of graph schema and can inform design choices about which graph types might best facilitate viewers’ understanding of data visualizations.
{"title":"Typicality effect in data graphs","authors":"Daniel Reimann, Marie Struwe, Nilam Ram, R. Gaschler","doi":"10.1177/14703572221130445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221130445","url":null,"abstract":"Some types of data graphs are more easily understood than others. Following the suggestion that typically encountered graphs may activate individuals’ cognitive schema quickly, this study investigated prior exposure to and typicality of three common graph types: vertical bar graphs, horizontal bar graphs and line graphs; and three common data patterns: rising, neutral and falling. Results from two samples ( N = 57 and N = 30) suggest that vertical bar graphs are encountered more frequently, are rated as more typical and are identified more quickly than horizontal bar graphs and line graphs; also that rising data patterns are more typical than falling and neutral data patterns. The findings contribute new knowledge about the hierarchical structure of graph schema and can inform design choices about which graph types might best facilitate viewers’ understanding of data visualizations.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85711521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/14703572221118583
C. Price, Arlene Archer
University students in landscape architecture need to mobilize a range of resources in their design trajectories in order to resolve their designs. Often design education settings are influenced by design traditions of the global north, and thus may favour particular ways of knowing. This article aims to contribute to a multimodal pedagogy for diversity exploring the ways in which diverse students mobilize resources to move between spatial, verbal and visual modes in a landscape architectural design trajectory. It specifically traces the resources that one student brings to her learning environment in a university in South Africa, and identifies the experiential, social, semiotic, interactive and pedagogical resources she deploys. The authors demonstrate how these resources shape and prompt the student’s meaning-making processes, and how she mobilizes these resources to move her design trajectory forward. They do this by building on Kress and Van Leeuwen’s Reading Images (2006) model of visual grammar, adapted for three-dimensional space, and Kress’s notions of design in Multimodality (2010). The concept of resemiotization is key here to recognizing and understanding the meaning-making potential of modes. The authors argue that the affordances of different modes prompt resemiotization of resources at different times in the design trajectory, moving between material expression and nonmaterial (re)conceptualization. The processes of resemiotization can thus generate emergent meanings and transform them within the student’s landscape design trajectories. This approach to pedagogy can valorize the agency, identity, ways of knowing and resourcefulness of diverse meaning-makers.
{"title":"Resemiotization: tracing the movement of resources in landscape architectural design trajectories","authors":"C. Price, Arlene Archer","doi":"10.1177/14703572221118583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221118583","url":null,"abstract":"University students in landscape architecture need to mobilize a range of resources in their design trajectories in order to resolve their designs. Often design education settings are influenced by design traditions of the global north, and thus may favour particular ways of knowing. This article aims to contribute to a multimodal pedagogy for diversity exploring the ways in which diverse students mobilize resources to move between spatial, verbal and visual modes in a landscape architectural design trajectory. It specifically traces the resources that one student brings to her learning environment in a university in South Africa, and identifies the experiential, social, semiotic, interactive and pedagogical resources she deploys. The authors demonstrate how these resources shape and prompt the student’s meaning-making processes, and how she mobilizes these resources to move her design trajectory forward. They do this by building on Kress and Van Leeuwen’s Reading Images (2006) model of visual grammar, adapted for three-dimensional space, and Kress’s notions of design in Multimodality (2010). The concept of resemiotization is key here to recognizing and understanding the meaning-making potential of modes. The authors argue that the affordances of different modes prompt resemiotization of resources at different times in the design trajectory, moving between material expression and nonmaterial (re)conceptualization. The processes of resemiotization can thus generate emergent meanings and transform them within the student’s landscape design trajectories. This approach to pedagogy can valorize the agency, identity, ways of knowing and resourcefulness of diverse meaning-makers.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"226 1","pages":"152 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89130333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/14703572221117839
E. Brumberger
Many scholars over the past two decades have contended that constant exposure to visually-oriented technologies makes younger individuals inherently more visually skilled than previous generations. The study presented here investigates this claim by using eye tracking to examine patterns in the ways in which individuals interact with visual stimuli, specifically journalistic photographs. Study participants included 29 college students aged 18–22 (mean = 19), and 20 non-student members of the university and surrounding community, aged 40–63 (mean = 50). Eye movements were recorded using a TobiiPro x2-60 eye tracker connected to a 17-inch gaming laptop. If younger individuals and older individuals have different levels of visual ability, there should be observable differences between the eye movements of the two groups. However, the differences observed between the two groups of participants were very limited and did not point to any consistent patterns that would suggest differing levels of skill at reading images.
{"title":"Generational differences in viewing behaviors: an eye-tracking study","authors":"E. Brumberger","doi":"10.1177/14703572221117839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221117839","url":null,"abstract":"Many scholars over the past two decades have contended that constant exposure to visually-oriented technologies makes younger individuals inherently more visually skilled than previous generations. The study presented here investigates this claim by using eye tracking to examine patterns in the ways in which individuals interact with visual stimuli, specifically journalistic photographs. Study participants included 29 college students aged 18–22 (mean = 19), and 20 non-student members of the university and surrounding community, aged 40–63 (mean = 50). Eye movements were recorded using a TobiiPro x2-60 eye tracker connected to a 17-inch gaming laptop. If younger individuals and older individuals have different levels of visual ability, there should be observable differences between the eye movements of the two groups. However, the differences observed between the two groups of participants were very limited and did not point to any consistent patterns that would suggest differing levels of skill at reading images.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"46 1","pages":"128 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91071818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/14703572221128881
K. O’Halloran
We inhabit two worlds – the world of matter and the world of meaning (see Halliday, ‘On matter and meaning: The two realms of human experience, 2005). In this article, these two worlds and the physical, biological, social and semiotic systems that connect them are investigated. In this respect, semiotic systems are the most complex because they involve physical systems (the material sign), biological systems (human beings), social systems (society and culture) and meaning itself. Semiotic frameworks need to take into account these various dimensions as changes in one system reverberate across the meta-system as a whole. With this in mind, the interplay between material and semiotic worlds from a social semiotic perspective, are explored with a focus on meaning and its significance in relation to human existence. Using examples from various industrial ages, the article explores how semiotic resources (in this case, in mathematics, science and computer programming languages) are organized to structure reality in specific ways, and how semiotic combinations and the technologies arising from those constructions have changed the course of human history. In this discussion, attention is paid to the role of visual communication, both in terms of visual semiotic resources (e.g. graphs, digital images) and visual aspects of multimodal texts. It thus becomes evident that the functionalities of any one semiotic resource (including language) must be viewed in relation to its collective co-deployment with other semiotic resources. Lastly, the author examines semiosis in the digital age and considers the social implications of the current digital ecosystem. In doing so, she conceptualizes digital technologies as a one-way mirror where members of society use digital media for every facet of their lives while being watched, analysed and manipulated by those who have designed and own the digital platforms. It is apparent that semiotics has a major role to play in terms of design, policymaking and activism around future digital technologies.
{"title":"Matter, meaning and semiotics","authors":"K. O’Halloran","doi":"10.1177/14703572221128881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221128881","url":null,"abstract":"We inhabit two worlds – the world of matter and the world of meaning (see Halliday, ‘On matter and meaning: The two realms of human experience, 2005). In this article, these two worlds and the physical, biological, social and semiotic systems that connect them are investigated. In this respect, semiotic systems are the most complex because they involve physical systems (the material sign), biological systems (human beings), social systems (society and culture) and meaning itself. Semiotic frameworks need to take into account these various dimensions as changes in one system reverberate across the meta-system as a whole. With this in mind, the interplay between material and semiotic worlds from a social semiotic perspective, are explored with a focus on meaning and its significance in relation to human existence. Using examples from various industrial ages, the article explores how semiotic resources (in this case, in mathematics, science and computer programming languages) are organized to structure reality in specific ways, and how semiotic combinations and the technologies arising from those constructions have changed the course of human history. In this discussion, attention is paid to the role of visual communication, both in terms of visual semiotic resources (e.g. graphs, digital images) and visual aspects of multimodal texts. It thus becomes evident that the functionalities of any one semiotic resource (including language) must be viewed in relation to its collective co-deployment with other semiotic resources. Lastly, the author examines semiosis in the digital age and considers the social implications of the current digital ecosystem. In doing so, she conceptualizes digital technologies as a one-way mirror where members of society use digital media for every facet of their lives while being watched, analysed and manipulated by those who have designed and own the digital platforms. It is apparent that semiotics has a major role to play in terms of design, policymaking and activism around future digital technologies.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"7 1","pages":"174 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78514525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/14703572221136948
Louise J. Ravelli, Janina Wildfeuer
{"title":"Celebrating 20 Years of Visual Communication","authors":"Louise J. Ravelli, Janina Wildfeuer","doi":"10.1177/14703572221136948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221136948","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"51 1","pages":"3 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79985491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/14703572221126514
Juhri Selamet
This visual essay centers on the author’s hotel quarantine experience in Kuwait. While many quarantine stories have been recorded, personal stories involving the relationship between human and non-human actors within a quarantined space are still overlooked. By focusing on the maintenance of health and wellness during quarantine, this essay visually communicates the hotel quarantine experience by using a health design thinking approach. By presenting a series of photographs, actors’ interactions, and journey maps, the author attempts to convey a connection between human and non-human actors during quarantine, and prompts a discussion on what can be done to improve hotel quarantine systems in the future.
{"title":"Applying health design thinking to uncover actors in the sustenance of health and wellbeing during hotel quarantine in kuwait","authors":"Juhri Selamet","doi":"10.1177/14703572221126514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221126514","url":null,"abstract":"This visual essay centers on the author’s hotel quarantine experience in Kuwait. While many quarantine stories have been recorded, personal stories involving the relationship between human and non-human actors within a quarantined space are still overlooked. By focusing on the maintenance of health and wellness during quarantine, this essay visually communicates the hotel quarantine experience by using a health design thinking approach. By presenting a series of photographs, actors’ interactions, and journey maps, the author attempts to convey a connection between human and non-human actors during quarantine, and prompts a discussion on what can be done to improve hotel quarantine systems in the future.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"182 1","pages":"202 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76046077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/14703572221130451
J. Bennett
This article conceptualizes the field of ‘visual communication and mental health’, prioritizing the question of how visual imagery is experienced. Taking as its starting point the challenge of overcoming stigma and the limitations of visual clichés of depression and mental illness, the author argues for a dynamic, relational model of communications, foregrounding lived experience. To illuminate the psychosocial impacts and potential benefits of creative engagement with visual media, she draws on understandings of symbolic communication, derived in particular from the work of DW Winnicott and the British Independent tradition of psychoanalysis. The imagery discussed includes stock and campaign imagery, conceptual/expressive artwork and a virtual reality (VR) production that extends an innovative approach to mental health literacy by First Nations artists.
{"title":"Visual communication and mental health","authors":"J. Bennett","doi":"10.1177/14703572221130451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14703572221130451","url":null,"abstract":"This article conceptualizes the field of ‘visual communication and mental health’, prioritizing the question of how visual imagery is experienced. Taking as its starting point the challenge of overcoming stigma and the limitations of visual clichés of depression and mental illness, the author argues for a dynamic, relational model of communications, foregrounding lived experience. To illuminate the psychosocial impacts and potential benefits of creative engagement with visual media, she draws on understandings of symbolic communication, derived in particular from the work of DW Winnicott and the British Independent tradition of psychoanalysis. The imagery discussed includes stock and campaign imagery, conceptual/expressive artwork and a virtual reality (VR) production that extends an innovative approach to mental health literacy by First Nations artists.","PeriodicalId":51671,"journal":{"name":"Visual Communication","volume":"111 1","pages":"46 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88699130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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