Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/175863
W. Paszkowski, Akadiusz Gola, A. Świć
The article presents and describes the implementation of research on the detection of a drone in an urban environ - ment using of the sound features. The methods of drone detection were recognized on the basis of modeling and evaluation of the features of the audio and acoustic signal. The authors proposed the use of a neural network model for the needs of drone detection taking into account acoustic measurements in an anechoic chamber and in an urban environment. The final part presents the obtained results of the drone detection. For the purposes of detection, a neural network model was used in order to recognize the obtained images of the spectograms of sound sources.
{"title":"Acoustic-Based Drone Detection Using Neural Networks – A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"W. Paszkowski, Akadiusz Gola, A. Świć","doi":"10.12913/22998624/175863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/175863","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents and describes the implementation of research on the detection of a drone in an urban environ - ment using of the sound features. The methods of drone detection were recognized on the basis of modeling and evaluation of the features of the audio and acoustic signal. The authors proposed the use of a neural network model for the needs of drone detection taking into account acoustic measurements in an anechoic chamber and in an urban environment. The final part presents the obtained results of the drone detection. For the purposes of detection, a neural network model was used in order to recognize the obtained images of the spectograms of sound sources.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/181188
M. Lachowicz, Paweł Sokołowski, Marcin Kaszuba
The paper presents the results of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) hardfacing testing performed on three grades of hot working tool steels, namely: 55NiCrMoV7, X37CrMoV5-1 and modified X38CrMoV5-3 grade. Metal - lographic investigations, mainly microstructural ones, were carried out and hardness profiles were analyzed. The chemical composition was investigated in each individual layer of the hardfaced deposits and the substrate material, in order to obtain a profile representation. The obtained results of profilometric evaluation of the chemical composition showed clear differences in the content of basic and alloying elements in the subsequent weld layers. The diversity of the chemical composition of the substrate material caused that the uniform chemical composition for all tested materials was achieved only in the third, upper weld layer. Despite the variable content of alloying elements and carbon, as well as slight differences in microstructure occurring for individual weld layers, a sub - stantially stable and high hardness was maintained over the entire cross-section of the obtained hardfaced coatings. In the area of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), a decrease in hardness was observed, which is associated with the decomposition of the high-temperature tempered martensite and the spheroidization of the microstructure.
{"title":"The Influence of the Hot Working Tool Steel Substrate Material on the Element Distribution, Microstructure and Hardness of Gas Metal Arc Welding Hardfaced Layers","authors":"M. Lachowicz, Paweł Sokołowski, Marcin Kaszuba","doi":"10.12913/22998624/181188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/181188","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) hardfacing testing performed on three grades of hot working tool steels, namely: 55NiCrMoV7, X37CrMoV5-1 and modified X38CrMoV5-3 grade. Metal - lographic investigations, mainly microstructural ones, were carried out and hardness profiles were analyzed. The chemical composition was investigated in each individual layer of the hardfaced deposits and the substrate material, in order to obtain a profile representation. The obtained results of profilometric evaluation of the chemical composition showed clear differences in the content of basic and alloying elements in the subsequent weld layers. The diversity of the chemical composition of the substrate material caused that the uniform chemical composition for all tested materials was achieved only in the third, upper weld layer. Despite the variable content of alloying elements and carbon, as well as slight differences in microstructure occurring for individual weld layers, a sub - stantially stable and high hardness was maintained over the entire cross-section of the obtained hardfaced coatings. In the area of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), a decrease in hardness was observed, which is associated with the decomposition of the high-temperature tempered martensite and the spheroidization of the microstructure.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"49 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/177031
M. Grabowski, Marcin Małek, Reza Teimouri, S. Skoczypiec
The paper focuses on the problem of selecting the correct tool geometry in high-speed milling of 316L stainless steel. Carbide milling cutters with two configurations of helix angle (40/42 degrees for tool#1 and 35/38 degrees for tool#2) with different cutting edge radiuses r n (i.e. 4 µm, 6 µm, 8 µm, 10 µm and 12 µm) were prepared and their impact on cutting force and roughness were analyzed. The obtained results revealed that the small changes in cutting edge radius r n have a significant effect on both cutting forces and surface roughness.In this context, irrespective to the type of the tool, increasing the cutting edge radius results in further cutting force. However, increasing the cutting edge radius shows different behavior on roughness while using different tool helix angles. For the tool#1, it was found that the surface roughness increases by increasing the cutting edge radius from 6 μm to 12 μm; while in the samples machined by tool #2, increase in cutting edge radius results in reduction of rough - ness. It was also found that irrespective to the values of cutting edge radius, the cutting force while using tool #1 is slightly less than the tool#2. In addition, the induced milling surface roughness of the samples machined by tool#2 is significantly less than the tool#1 where the mean value of Ra was reduced from 2.55 µm to 0.35 µm.
{"title":"Effect of Cutting-Edge Geometry on the Machinability of 316L Austenitic Steel","authors":"M. Grabowski, Marcin Małek, Reza Teimouri, S. Skoczypiec","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177031","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the problem of selecting the correct tool geometry in high-speed milling of 316L stainless steel. Carbide milling cutters with two configurations of helix angle (40/42 degrees for tool#1 and 35/38 degrees for tool#2) with different cutting edge radiuses r n (i.e. 4 µm, 6 µm, 8 µm, 10 µm and 12 µm) were prepared and their impact on cutting force and roughness were analyzed. The obtained results revealed that the small changes in cutting edge radius r n have a significant effect on both cutting forces and surface roughness.In this context, irrespective to the type of the tool, increasing the cutting edge radius results in further cutting force. However, increasing the cutting edge radius shows different behavior on roughness while using different tool helix angles. For the tool#1, it was found that the surface roughness increases by increasing the cutting edge radius from 6 μm to 12 μm; while in the samples machined by tool #2, increase in cutting edge radius results in reduction of rough - ness. It was also found that irrespective to the values of cutting edge radius, the cutting force while using tool #1 is slightly less than the tool#2. In addition, the induced milling surface roughness of the samples machined by tool#2 is significantly less than the tool#1 where the mean value of Ra was reduced from 2.55 µm to 0.35 µm.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/176832
M. Awtoniuk, R. Sałat, Miłosz Worwa, Volodymyr Reshetiuk
We combined the Doublet-Pulse method with the Approximate M-constrained Integral Gain Optimisation tuning rules and implemented this combination as a stand-alone autotuning procedure in Siemens S7-1200 PLC controller. The procedure was tested for three types of simulated plant models. The simulated models were diverse in terms of dynamics, as we used lag-dominated, balanced, and delay-dominated models. We compared the doublet-pulse method with the classical identification method in the form of step response, i.e. method of moments. We conducted tests for three scenarios, i.e., a step change in the set point, set point trajectory tracking and load disturbances. To assess the control quality, we used integral index IAE. The described method is universal and can also be implemented in controllers from other manufacturers.
我们将双脉冲法与近似 M 约束积分增益优化调整规则相结合，并在西门子 S7-1200 PLC 控制器中将此组合作为独立的自动调整程序实施。该程序针对三种模拟工厂模型进行了测试。模拟模型在动力学方面多种多样，我们使用了滞后主导型、平衡型和延迟主导型模型。我们将双脉冲法与阶跃响应形式的经典识别方法（即矩法）进行了比较。我们对三种情况进行了测试，即设定点的阶跃变化、设定点轨迹跟踪和负载干扰。为了评估控制质量，我们使用了积分指数 IAE。所述方法具有通用性，也可在其他制造商生产的控制器中实施。
{"title":"Implementation of PID Autotuning Procedure Based on Doublet-Pulse Method in PLC Controller","authors":"M. Awtoniuk, R. Sałat, Miłosz Worwa, Volodymyr Reshetiuk","doi":"10.12913/22998624/176832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/176832","url":null,"abstract":"We combined the Doublet-Pulse method with the Approximate M-constrained Integral Gain Optimisation tuning rules and implemented this combination as a stand-alone autotuning procedure in Siemens S7-1200 PLC controller. The procedure was tested for three types of simulated plant models. The simulated models were diverse in terms of dynamics, as we used lag-dominated, balanced, and delay-dominated models. We compared the doublet-pulse method with the classical identification method in the form of step response, i.e. method of moments. We conducted tests for three scenarios, i.e., a step change in the set point, set point trajectory tracking and load disturbances. To assess the control quality, we used integral index IAE. The described method is universal and can also be implemented in controllers from other manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/182286
Ali Al-Maliki, Jasim H. Al-Bedhany, T. A. Mankhi, Stanisław Legutko
Fatigue resistance of steel containing non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) varies widely, depending on many criteria; therefore, finding the most compromised types of NMIs is a sober objective that may significantly reduce severe dam - age and premature failure in many applications, such as bearings, gears, transmission shafts, etc. The multiple criteria decision-making methodologies have been used in this study to assess the more effective NMI types using the ana - lytical hierarchy process by expert choice software. The five most common types of non-metallic inclusions selected are oxides, sulfides, carbides, silicates, and nitrides, based on different criteria: size, shape, distribution, mechanical properties, and quantity. The results showed that the oxide NMIs are the optimum type relative to the other four options regarding the fatigue resistance of about 35%, probably due to their spherical shape and small size. The most dominant criterion is mechanical properties, which have an effective percentage of 34.6% among the other criteria. It means that the reduction of other types rather than oxide NMIs probably enhances the fatigue resistance of the steel.
{"title":"Assessment of Nonhomogeneous Structures in Steel Contents in Terms of Fatigue Resistance Using Analytical Hierarchy Process","authors":"Ali Al-Maliki, Jasim H. Al-Bedhany, T. A. Mankhi, Stanisław Legutko","doi":"10.12913/22998624/182286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/182286","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue resistance of steel containing non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) varies widely, depending on many criteria; therefore, finding the most compromised types of NMIs is a sober objective that may significantly reduce severe dam - age and premature failure in many applications, such as bearings, gears, transmission shafts, etc. The multiple criteria decision-making methodologies have been used in this study to assess the more effective NMI types using the ana - lytical hierarchy process by expert choice software. The five most common types of non-metallic inclusions selected are oxides, sulfides, carbides, silicates, and nitrides, based on different criteria: size, shape, distribution, mechanical properties, and quantity. The results showed that the oxide NMIs are the optimum type relative to the other four options regarding the fatigue resistance of about 35%, probably due to their spherical shape and small size. The most dominant criterion is mechanical properties, which have an effective percentage of 34.6% among the other criteria. It means that the reduction of other types rather than oxide NMIs probably enhances the fatigue resistance of the steel.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/177328
Andrzej Matras
the
的
{"title":"Surface Roughness Prediction in the Hardened Steel Ball-End Milling by Using the Artificial Neural Networks and Taguchi Method","authors":"Andrzej Matras","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177328","url":null,"abstract":"the","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/178463
K. Gancarczyk, Robert Albrecht, Małgorzata Kawalec, B. Kościelniak, Andrzej Gradzik, D. Szeliga, A. Kawalec, W. Ziaja, M. Motyka
In this work the effect of crystal structure perfection on the creep resistance of single crystal superalloys. The CMSX-4 and CMSX-4 ® Plus with increased Re content is analyzed. Single crystal rods are made by directional so - lidification process at the withdrawal rates 3 and 5 mm/min. The evaluation of microstructure and crystal structure perfection are carried out by light microscopy and X-ray diffraction Ω-scan methods. Creep tests are performed according to ASTM E-139-11 standard at the temperature of 982 °C. Mathematical models for the creep resistance of the models are developed for both investigated superalloys. The influence of the crystal structure on the the in - vestigated superalloys are built and the steady state creep rates are determined. Creep strength of both superalloys are compared. The results show that the CMSX-4 ® Plus nickel superalloy exhibits nearly two times higher creep resistance compared to the conventional CMSX-4 one.
本研究分析了晶体结构的完善性对单晶超合金抗蠕变性的影响。分析了 Re 含量增加的 CMSX-4 和 CMSX-4 ® Plus。单晶棒是在 3 毫米/分钟和 5 毫米/分钟的抽出速度下通过定向硬化工艺制成的。采用光学显微镜和 X 射线衍射 Ω 扫描方法对微观结构和晶体结构的完美性进行评估。蠕变试验根据 ASTM E-139-11 标准在 982 °C 温度下进行。为两种被研究的超合金建立了抗蠕变模型的数学模型。建立了晶体结构对所研究超合金的影响，并确定了稳态蠕变速率。比较了两种超合金的蠕变强度。结果表明，CMSX-4 ® Plus 镍超合金的抗蠕变性比传统的 CMSX-4 高出近两倍。
{"title":"The Effect of Re Content on Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Single Crystal Castings Made of Nickel-Based Superalloys","authors":"K. Gancarczyk, Robert Albrecht, Małgorzata Kawalec, B. Kościelniak, Andrzej Gradzik, D. Szeliga, A. Kawalec, W. Ziaja, M. Motyka","doi":"10.12913/22998624/178463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/178463","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the effect of crystal structure perfection on the creep resistance of single crystal superalloys. The CMSX-4 and CMSX-4 ® Plus with increased Re content is analyzed. Single crystal rods are made by directional so - lidification process at the withdrawal rates 3 and 5 mm/min. The evaluation of microstructure and crystal structure perfection are carried out by light microscopy and X-ray diffraction Ω-scan methods. Creep tests are performed according to ASTM E-139-11 standard at the temperature of 982 °C. Mathematical models for the creep resistance of the models are developed for both investigated superalloys. The influence of the crystal structure on the the in - vestigated superalloys are built and the steady state creep rates are determined. Creep strength of both superalloys are compared. The results show that the CMSX-4 ® Plus nickel superalloy exhibits nearly two times higher creep resistance compared to the conventional CMSX-4 one.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/178463
K. Gancarczyk, Robert Albrecht, Małgorzata Kawalec, B. Kościelniak, Andrzej Gradzik, D. Szeliga, A. Kawalec, W. Ziaja, M. Motyka
In this work the effect of crystal structure perfection on the creep resistance of single crystal superalloys. The CMSX-4 and CMSX-4 ® Plus with increased Re content is analyzed. Single crystal rods are made by directional so - lidification process at the withdrawal rates 3 and 5 mm/min. The evaluation of microstructure and crystal structure perfection are carried out by light microscopy and X-ray diffraction Ω-scan methods. Creep tests are performed according to ASTM E-139-11 standard at the temperature of 982 °C. Mathematical models for the creep resistance of the models are developed for both investigated superalloys. The influence of the crystal structure on the the in - vestigated superalloys are built and the steady state creep rates are determined. Creep strength of both superalloys are compared. The results show that the CMSX-4 ® Plus nickel superalloy exhibits nearly two times higher creep resistance compared to the conventional CMSX-4 one.
本研究分析了晶体结构的完善性对单晶超合金抗蠕变性的影响。分析了 Re 含量增加的 CMSX-4 和 CMSX-4 ® Plus。单晶棒是在 3 毫米/分钟和 5 毫米/分钟的抽出速度下通过定向硬化工艺制成的。采用光学显微镜和 X 射线衍射 Ω 扫描方法对微观结构和晶体结构的完美性进行评估。蠕变试验根据 ASTM E-139-11 标准在 982 °C 温度下进行。为两种被研究的超合金建立了抗蠕变模型的数学模型。建立了晶体结构对所研究超合金的影响，并确定了稳态蠕变速率。比较了两种超合金的蠕变强度。结果表明，CMSX-4 ® Plus 镍超合金的抗蠕变性比传统的 CMSX-4 高出近两倍。
{"title":"The Effect of Re Content on Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Single Crystal Castings Made of Nickel-Based Superalloys","authors":"K. Gancarczyk, Robert Albrecht, Małgorzata Kawalec, B. Kościelniak, Andrzej Gradzik, D. Szeliga, A. Kawalec, W. Ziaja, M. Motyka","doi":"10.12913/22998624/178463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/178463","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the effect of crystal structure perfection on the creep resistance of single crystal superalloys. The CMSX-4 and CMSX-4 ® Plus with increased Re content is analyzed. Single crystal rods are made by directional so - lidification process at the withdrawal rates 3 and 5 mm/min. The evaluation of microstructure and crystal structure perfection are carried out by light microscopy and X-ray diffraction Ω-scan methods. Creep tests are performed according to ASTM E-139-11 standard at the temperature of 982 °C. Mathematical models for the creep resistance of the models are developed for both investigated superalloys. The influence of the crystal structure on the the in - vestigated superalloys are built and the steady state creep rates are determined. Creep strength of both superalloys are compared. The results show that the CMSX-4 ® Plus nickel superalloy exhibits nearly two times higher creep resistance compared to the conventional CMSX-4 one.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"45 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/176832
M. Awtoniuk, R. Sałat, Miłosz Worwa, Volodymyr Reshetiuk
We combined the Doublet-Pulse method with the Approximate M-constrained Integral Gain Optimisation tuning rules and implemented this combination as a stand-alone autotuning procedure in Siemens S7-1200 PLC controller. The procedure was tested for three types of simulated plant models. The simulated models were diverse in terms of dynamics, as we used lag-dominated, balanced, and delay-dominated models. We compared the doublet-pulse method with the classical identification method in the form of step response, i.e. method of moments. We conducted tests for three scenarios, i.e., a step change in the set point, set point trajectory tracking and load disturbances. To assess the control quality, we used integral index IAE. The described method is universal and can also be implemented in controllers from other manufacturers.
我们将双脉冲法与近似 M 约束积分增益优化调整规则相结合，并在西门子 S7-1200 PLC 控制器中将此组合作为独立的自动调整程序实施。该程序针对三种模拟工厂模型进行了测试。模拟模型在动力学方面多种多样，我们使用了滞后主导型、平衡型和延迟主导型模型。我们将双脉冲法与阶跃响应形式的经典识别方法（即矩法）进行了比较。我们对三种情况进行了测试，即设定点的阶跃变化、设定点轨迹跟踪和负载干扰。为了评估控制质量，我们使用了积分指数 IAE。所述方法具有通用性，也可在其他制造商生产的控制器中实施。
{"title":"Implementation of PID Autotuning Procedure Based on Doublet-Pulse Method in PLC Controller","authors":"M. Awtoniuk, R. Sałat, Miłosz Worwa, Volodymyr Reshetiuk","doi":"10.12913/22998624/176832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/176832","url":null,"abstract":"We combined the Doublet-Pulse method with the Approximate M-constrained Integral Gain Optimisation tuning rules and implemented this combination as a stand-alone autotuning procedure in Siemens S7-1200 PLC controller. The procedure was tested for three types of simulated plant models. The simulated models were diverse in terms of dynamics, as we used lag-dominated, balanced, and delay-dominated models. We compared the doublet-pulse method with the classical identification method in the form of step response, i.e. method of moments. We conducted tests for three scenarios, i.e., a step change in the set point, set point trajectory tracking and load disturbances. To assess the control quality, we used integral index IAE. The described method is universal and can also be implemented in controllers from other manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"15 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/177362
K. Ciecieląg
Composite materials are alternative materials to aluminum and titanium alloys. The wide-spread use of this materials makes it necessary to gain insight into the phenomena occurring in machining processes for thin-walled structures. This paper shows the investigation of the machinability of thin-walled composite materials. The study involved milling glass and carbon reinforced plastics using tools dedicated to the processing of this type of material. Their machinability was determined based on the measured feed force, deformation and surface roughness. In addition, surface analysis was performed by SEM. The results showed that the feed had the greatest impact on the feed force, deformation and surface roughness, followed by cutting speed. Lower values of the measured machinability indicators such as the maximum feed force and roughness were obtained for composites with glass fibers. Lower deformations were induced in the machining of composites with carbon fibers. The study also in - volved conducting a recurrence analysis in order to select the most appropriate quantifications depending on the technological parameters of milling. It was found that the most appropriate indicators related with the technological parameters for both materials were laminarity and averaged diagonal length.
{"title":"Evaluation of Machinability Indicators in Milling of Thin-Walled Composite Structures","authors":"K. Ciecieląg","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177362","url":null,"abstract":"Composite materials are alternative materials to aluminum and titanium alloys. The wide-spread use of this materials makes it necessary to gain insight into the phenomena occurring in machining processes for thin-walled structures. This paper shows the investigation of the machinability of thin-walled composite materials. The study involved milling glass and carbon reinforced plastics using tools dedicated to the processing of this type of material. Their machinability was determined based on the measured feed force, deformation and surface roughness. In addition, surface analysis was performed by SEM. The results showed that the feed had the greatest impact on the feed force, deformation and surface roughness, followed by cutting speed. Lower values of the measured machinability indicators such as the maximum feed force and roughness were obtained for composites with glass fibers. Lower deformations were induced in the machining of composites with carbon fibers. The study also in - volved conducting a recurrence analysis in order to select the most appropriate quantifications depending on the technological parameters of milling. It was found that the most appropriate indicators related with the technological parameters for both materials were laminarity and averaged diagonal length.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"63 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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