Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/177362
K. Ciecieląg
Composite materials are alternative materials to aluminum and titanium alloys. The wide-spread use of this materials makes it necessary to gain insight into the phenomena occurring in machining processes for thin-walled structures. This paper shows the investigation of the machinability of thin-walled composite materials. The study involved milling glass and carbon reinforced plastics using tools dedicated to the processing of this type of material. Their machinability was determined based on the measured feed force, deformation and surface roughness. In addition, surface analysis was performed by SEM. The results showed that the feed had the greatest impact on the feed force, deformation and surface roughness, followed by cutting speed. Lower values of the measured machinability indicators such as the maximum feed force and roughness were obtained for composites with glass fibers. Lower deformations were induced in the machining of composites with carbon fibers. The study also in - volved conducting a recurrence analysis in order to select the most appropriate quantifications depending on the technological parameters of milling. It was found that the most appropriate indicators related with the technological parameters for both materials were laminarity and averaged diagonal length.
{"title":"Evaluation of Machinability Indicators in Milling of Thin-Walled Composite Structures","authors":"K. Ciecieląg","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177362","url":null,"abstract":"Composite materials are alternative materials to aluminum and titanium alloys. The wide-spread use of this materials makes it necessary to gain insight into the phenomena occurring in machining processes for thin-walled structures. This paper shows the investigation of the machinability of thin-walled composite materials. The study involved milling glass and carbon reinforced plastics using tools dedicated to the processing of this type of material. Their machinability was determined based on the measured feed force, deformation and surface roughness. In addition, surface analysis was performed by SEM. The results showed that the feed had the greatest impact on the feed force, deformation and surface roughness, followed by cutting speed. Lower values of the measured machinability indicators such as the maximum feed force and roughness were obtained for composites with glass fibers. Lower deformations were induced in the machining of composites with carbon fibers. The study also in - volved conducting a recurrence analysis in order to select the most appropriate quantifications depending on the technological parameters of milling. It was found that the most appropriate indicators related with the technological parameters for both materials were laminarity and averaged diagonal length.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"16 5‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/175969
Tadeusz Hejwowski, D. Łukasik
The present study is directed to the problem of hardfacing and restoration of worn industrial equipment. Wear tests were carried out using especially built rig which reproduces working conditions of machinery applied in cement plants. The results of tribological tests on 20 Fe-and Ni-base hardfacings are presented. The effect of hardfacing hardness and chemical composition was evaluated. It was found in SEM examinations that matrix was removed from the zone adjacent to carbides which made them liable to cracking and digging out. The mechanism of matrix removal depended on its hardness and include microcutting and low cycle fatigue. Ni-based hardfacings outper-formed Fe-based coatings. The abrasion resistance of the best Ni-base coating, the Stelcar 6 was 38.7 times higher than that of S235JR steel. Eutectics in Ni-base coatings disturb motion of abrasive grains and force them to rotate instead of sliding over hardfacing surface. Ni-based coatings can be considered in hardfacing or reclamation of numerous industrial components applied in cement plants.
{"title":"Abrasion Resistance of Nickel- and Iron-base Hardfacings","authors":"Tadeusz Hejwowski, D. Łukasik","doi":"10.12913/22998624/175969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/175969","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is directed to the problem of hardfacing and restoration of worn industrial equipment. Wear tests were carried out using especially built rig which reproduces working conditions of machinery applied in cement plants. The results of tribological tests on 20 Fe-and Ni-base hardfacings are presented. The effect of hardfacing hardness and chemical composition was evaluated. It was found in SEM examinations that matrix was removed from the zone adjacent to carbides which made them liable to cracking and digging out. The mechanism of matrix removal depended on its hardness and include microcutting and low cycle fatigue. Ni-based hardfacings outper-formed Fe-based coatings. The abrasion resistance of the best Ni-base coating, the Stelcar 6 was 38.7 times higher than that of S235JR steel. Eutectics in Ni-base coatings disturb motion of abrasive grains and force them to rotate instead of sliding over hardfacing surface. Ni-based coatings can be considered in hardfacing or reclamation of numerous industrial components applied in cement plants.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"54 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/174846
B. Szturomski, R. Kiciński, Stanisław Milewski
The manuscript analyzes the impact of a non-contact underwater explosion on the foundation of a 35 mm naval cannon mounted on board a Project 258 minehunter. The finite element method was used to complete the task. Cole’s empirical formulas were used to describe the distribution of the pressure wave from the explosion of the TNT charge in water as a function of distance, time, and mass. The hull geometry was reflected based on technical documentation as a shell structure reinforced with beam-bar elements. Devices with large weights were represented as rigid bodies. Simplifications were used to minimize the number of degrees of freedom. The construction of ship’s hull is made of non-magnetic austenitic steel. The dynamic characteristics of this steel were determined based on static and dynamic tensile tests. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model was used to describe the mate - rial properties of steel. As part of the work, the impact resistance study of marine structures was presented, how it is defined by the existing regulations in the Polish Navy was considered, and the scope of their applicability was given. The scientific innovation of the presented work consists of checking and specifying the guidelines for designing and constructing warships.
{"title":"Accelerations Caused by Underwater Explosions on the Naval Gun Foundation","authors":"B. Szturomski, R. Kiciński, Stanisław Milewski","doi":"10.12913/22998624/174846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/174846","url":null,"abstract":"The manuscript analyzes the impact of a non-contact underwater explosion on the foundation of a 35 mm naval cannon mounted on board a Project 258 minehunter. The finite element method was used to complete the task. Cole’s empirical formulas were used to describe the distribution of the pressure wave from the explosion of the TNT charge in water as a function of distance, time, and mass. The hull geometry was reflected based on technical documentation as a shell structure reinforced with beam-bar elements. Devices with large weights were represented as rigid bodies. Simplifications were used to minimize the number of degrees of freedom. The construction of ship’s hull is made of non-magnetic austenitic steel. The dynamic characteristics of this steel were determined based on static and dynamic tensile tests. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model was used to describe the mate - rial properties of steel. As part of the work, the impact resistance study of marine structures was presented, how it is defined by the existing regulations in the Polish Navy was considered, and the scope of their applicability was given. The scientific innovation of the presented work consists of checking and specifying the guidelines for designing and constructing warships.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"148 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/182286
Ali Al-Maliki, Jasim H. Al-Bedhany, T. A. Mankhi, Stanisław Legutko
Fatigue resistance of steel containing non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) varies widely, depending on many criteria; therefore, finding the most compromised types of NMIs is a sober objective that may significantly reduce severe dam - age and premature failure in many applications, such as bearings, gears, transmission shafts, etc. The multiple criteria decision-making methodologies have been used in this study to assess the more effective NMI types using the ana - lytical hierarchy process by expert choice software. The five most common types of non-metallic inclusions selected are oxides, sulfides, carbides, silicates, and nitrides, based on different criteria: size, shape, distribution, mechanical properties, and quantity. The results showed that the oxide NMIs are the optimum type relative to the other four options regarding the fatigue resistance of about 35%, probably due to their spherical shape and small size. The most dominant criterion is mechanical properties, which have an effective percentage of 34.6% among the other criteria. It means that the reduction of other types rather than oxide NMIs probably enhances the fatigue resistance of the steel.
{"title":"Assessment of Nonhomogeneous Structures in Steel Contents in Terms of Fatigue Resistance Using Analytical Hierarchy Process","authors":"Ali Al-Maliki, Jasim H. Al-Bedhany, T. A. Mankhi, Stanisław Legutko","doi":"10.12913/22998624/182286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/182286","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue resistance of steel containing non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) varies widely, depending on many criteria; therefore, finding the most compromised types of NMIs is a sober objective that may significantly reduce severe dam - age and premature failure in many applications, such as bearings, gears, transmission shafts, etc. The multiple criteria decision-making methodologies have been used in this study to assess the more effective NMI types using the ana - lytical hierarchy process by expert choice software. The five most common types of non-metallic inclusions selected are oxides, sulfides, carbides, silicates, and nitrides, based on different criteria: size, shape, distribution, mechanical properties, and quantity. The results showed that the oxide NMIs are the optimum type relative to the other four options regarding the fatigue resistance of about 35%, probably due to their spherical shape and small size. The most dominant criterion is mechanical properties, which have an effective percentage of 34.6% among the other criteria. It means that the reduction of other types rather than oxide NMIs probably enhances the fatigue resistance of the steel.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"37 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/180310
Mohammed O. Farhan, M. Al-Khafaji, Muhannad Q. Abood
This paper presents the development of a flexible wire bending machine designed to overcome limitations associ - ated with traditional counterparts. Traditionally, wire bending machines are often designed for specific purposes, necessitate complex coding, are prohibitively expensive, or are constrained to producing two-dimensional shapes. To address these challenges, our study begins with an extensive review of existing research in the field, fol - lowed by the selection of a concept derived from this analysis. The methodology encompasses the entire design and manufacturing process. Initial research guides the concept selection, which is then translated into a practical design using SolidWorks simulations. The theoretical foundation involves mathematical formulations for each machine component, ranging from the wire feeding system to the bidirectional and 3D bending mechanisms. Main actuators are chosen based on calculated parameters, and the machine is assembled, incorporating a CNC system. The machine is tested first without wire and subsequently with the bending of an aluminum (1350-H26), 3.2 mm diameter wire, copper with 3.25 mm diameter and steel with 2.5 mm diameter. The results demonstrate high ac - curacy performance and underscore the significance of considering spring back and bend allowance for precision in both 2D and 3D wire configurations. This study not only contributes to the design and fabrication of a flexible wire bending machine but also addresses the shortcomings of traditional counterparts, making wire bending more accessible, versatile, and cost-effective.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Versatile Flexible 3D Wire Bending Machine with Accuracy Algorithm","authors":"Mohammed O. Farhan, M. Al-Khafaji, Muhannad Q. Abood","doi":"10.12913/22998624/180310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/180310","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of a flexible wire bending machine designed to overcome limitations associ - ated with traditional counterparts. Traditionally, wire bending machines are often designed for specific purposes, necessitate complex coding, are prohibitively expensive, or are constrained to producing two-dimensional shapes. To address these challenges, our study begins with an extensive review of existing research in the field, fol - lowed by the selection of a concept derived from this analysis. The methodology encompasses the entire design and manufacturing process. Initial research guides the concept selection, which is then translated into a practical design using SolidWorks simulations. The theoretical foundation involves mathematical formulations for each machine component, ranging from the wire feeding system to the bidirectional and 3D bending mechanisms. Main actuators are chosen based on calculated parameters, and the machine is assembled, incorporating a CNC system. The machine is tested first without wire and subsequently with the bending of an aluminum (1350-H26), 3.2 mm diameter wire, copper with 3.25 mm diameter and steel with 2.5 mm diameter. The results demonstrate high ac - curacy performance and underscore the significance of considering spring back and bend allowance for precision in both 2D and 3D wire configurations. This study not only contributes to the design and fabrication of a flexible wire bending machine but also addresses the shortcomings of traditional counterparts, making wire bending more accessible, versatile, and cost-effective.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/177399
K. Falkowicz, Monika Kulisz
This article presents the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to analysis of the composite plate elements with cut-outs which can work as a spring element. The analysis were based on results from numerical approach. ANNs models have been developed utilizing the obtained numerical data to predict the composite plate’s flexural-torsional form of buckling as natural form for different cut-outs and angels configurations. The ANNs models were trained and tested using a large dataset, and their accuracy is evaluated using various statistical measures. The developed ANNs models demonstrated high accuracy in predicting the critical force and buckling form of thin-walled plates with different cut-out and fiber angels configurations under compression. The combination of numerical analyses with ANNs models provides a practical and efficient solution for evaluating the stability be - haviour of composite plates with cut-outs, which can be useful for design optimization and structural monitoring in engineering applications.
{"title":"Prediction of Buckling Behaviour of Composite Plate Element Using Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"K. Falkowicz, Monika Kulisz","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177399","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to analysis of the composite plate elements with cut-outs which can work as a spring element. The analysis were based on results from numerical approach. ANNs models have been developed utilizing the obtained numerical data to predict the composite plate’s flexural-torsional form of buckling as natural form for different cut-outs and angels configurations. The ANNs models were trained and tested using a large dataset, and their accuracy is evaluated using various statistical measures. The developed ANNs models demonstrated high accuracy in predicting the critical force and buckling form of thin-walled plates with different cut-out and fiber angels configurations under compression. The combination of numerical analyses with ANNs models provides a practical and efficient solution for evaluating the stability be - haviour of composite plates with cut-outs, which can be useful for design optimization and structural monitoring in engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/182876
N. H. Obaeed, Wisam Hamdan
The production of functional parts, including those employed by the biomedical industry has been achieved a promising candidate in fused deposition modelling (FDM). The essential properties of these biomedical parts which manufactured by additive manufacturing as compared to some other conventional manufacturing processes depend on structural and process parameters rather than material properties alone. Regarding to the evaluation the flexural strength of medical-grade, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been received relatively very little inves - tigation to date. PMMA is a biocompatible filament that be used in manufacturing of patient-specific implants such as dental prosthesis and orthopaedic implants. The proposed work explores the effect of three process parameters that vary with respect of three levels on the flexural strength. These levels can be specified by layer height (120, 200, 280 µm), infill density (40, 65, 90%) and skewing angle (0º, 45º, 90º) on the flexural strength of medical-grade PMMA. Maximum and minimum flexural strength that be obtained in this work about 93 and 57 MPa respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results shows that the most effective factor is the layer height followed by infill density. The flexural strength rises significantly with decreases layer height and the skewing angle is in zero direc - tion. The process parameters have been optimized through utilizing of genetic algorithms. The optimal results that emerged based on genetic algorithm technique are approximately 276 μm as layer height, 46% infill density, and skewing angle 89º, which maximize the flexural strength to 97 MPa at crossover for ten generation.
{"title":"Optimizing Fused Deposition Modelling Process Parameters for Medical Grade Polymethylmethacrylate Flexural Strength","authors":"N. H. Obaeed, Wisam Hamdan","doi":"10.12913/22998624/182876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/182876","url":null,"abstract":"The production of functional parts, including those employed by the biomedical industry has been achieved a promising candidate in fused deposition modelling (FDM). The essential properties of these biomedical parts which manufactured by additive manufacturing as compared to some other conventional manufacturing processes depend on structural and process parameters rather than material properties alone. Regarding to the evaluation the flexural strength of medical-grade, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been received relatively very little inves - tigation to date. PMMA is a biocompatible filament that be used in manufacturing of patient-specific implants such as dental prosthesis and orthopaedic implants. The proposed work explores the effect of three process parameters that vary with respect of three levels on the flexural strength. These levels can be specified by layer height (120, 200, 280 µm), infill density (40, 65, 90%) and skewing angle (0º, 45º, 90º) on the flexural strength of medical-grade PMMA. Maximum and minimum flexural strength that be obtained in this work about 93 and 57 MPa respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results shows that the most effective factor is the layer height followed by infill density. The flexural strength rises significantly with decreases layer height and the skewing angle is in zero direc - tion. The process parameters have been optimized through utilizing of genetic algorithms. The optimal results that emerged based on genetic algorithm technique are approximately 276 μm as layer height, 46% infill density, and skewing angle 89º, which maximize the flexural strength to 97 MPa at crossover for ten generation.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/176824
Wojciech Zębala, A. Gaweł
The article presents the cost analysis of three techniques that can be used to produce a cylindrical part from Inconel 718 nickel alloy. First of them allows the part to be shaped by additive manufacturing (AM). In the second technique the shape is obtained by forging. Both techniques require the use of machining to give the final dimensional and shape accuracy of the manufactured part. The third technique is based solely on machining operations. Research has shown that the most expensive technique for high-volume production is SLM/LMF. Based on the case study, it can be concluded that after a year of production using the SLM/LMF, forging and machining methods, the carbon dioxide emission is the biggest in the additive manufacturing. Optimizing the Ra and F c parameters causes differences in carbon dioxide emissions. The turning process including machining optimization due to F c characterizes a higher ability to produce parts than optimization due to roughness parameter Ra.
文章介绍了用 Inconel 718 镍合金生产圆柱形零件的三种技术的成本分析。第一种技术是通过快速成型技术（AM）塑造零件形状。第二种技术是通过锻造获得形状。这两种技术都需要使用机械加工来实现制造零件的最终尺寸和形状精度。第三种技术则完全基于机加工操作。研究表明，大批量生产最昂贵的技术是 SLM/LMF。根据案例研究，可以得出结论：在使用 SLM/LMF、锻造和机加工方法生产一年后，二氧化碳排放量是增材制造中最大的。优化 Ra 和 F c 参数会导致二氧化碳排放量的差异。与粗糙度参数 Ra 的优化相比，车削工艺（包括 F c 的加工优化）生产零件的能力更高。
{"title":"Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of Inconel 718 Components - Estimation of Time, Costs and Carbon Dioxide Emission – Case Study","authors":"Wojciech Zębala, A. Gaweł","doi":"10.12913/22998624/176824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/176824","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the cost analysis of three techniques that can be used to produce a cylindrical part from Inconel 718 nickel alloy. First of them allows the part to be shaped by additive manufacturing (AM). In the second technique the shape is obtained by forging. Both techniques require the use of machining to give the final dimensional and shape accuracy of the manufactured part. The third technique is based solely on machining operations. Research has shown that the most expensive technique for high-volume production is SLM/LMF. Based on the case study, it can be concluded that after a year of production using the SLM/LMF, forging and machining methods, the carbon dioxide emission is the biggest in the additive manufacturing. Optimizing the Ra and F c parameters causes differences in carbon dioxide emissions. The turning process including machining optimization due to F c characterizes a higher ability to produce parts than optimization due to roughness parameter Ra.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/175676
K. Leksycki, E. Feldshtein, Radosław Maruda, Larisa Dyachkova, Natalia Szczotkarz, Alexandra Zverko
High-temperature thermo-mechanical processing (HTTMP) is a combination of plastic deformation and heat treatment operations. Such action makes it possible to increase metal mechanical properties resulting from both mechanical strengthening and heat treatment. As a result, it is possible to achieve high complex of operating characteristics of different types of steel and other alloys. However, there is a lack of information on the applicability of HTTMP of powder steel. These types of steel are very effective substitutes for traditional structural steel but are characterized by poor mechanical properties. This study considers the possibility of using HTTMP for powder steel frame additionally infiltrated by bronze with MoS 2 addition to increase mechanical properties of the materials studied. Steel infiltrated, infiltrated and then hardened, infiltrated and then HTTMP treated with strain rates of 30, 50 and 70% were compared. The microstructural properties and hardness of the materials before machining were studied as well as the cutting forces and surface topography of those materials after turning with AH8015 carbide inserts. Cutting forces tests were realized with v c = 157 m/min, f = 0.25 mm/rev and a p = 0.25 mm. Surface topog - raphy tests were carried out with v c = 157 m/min, f = 0.25 mm/rev and a p = 0.25 mm. Constant cutting parameters were used to eliminate the effects of rest factors. It was found that the lowest cutting forces ( F c , F p and F f ), surface roughness parameters ( Sa and Sq ) and small areas with single high peaks on the machined surface were obtained for infiltrated powder steel with subsequent HTTMP machining under 50% strain rate.
高温热机械加工（HTTMP）是塑性变形和热处理操作的结合。这种操作可以通过机械强化和热处理提高金属的机械性能。因此，可以实现不同类型钢材和其他合金的高复合操作特性。然而，目前还缺乏有关粉末钢 HTTMP 适用性的信息。这类钢材是传统结构钢的有效替代品，但机械性能较差。本研究考虑了在粉末钢框架中使用 HTTMP 的可能性，另外还在青铜中渗入了 MoS 2，以提高所研究材料的机械性能。研究比较了渗入钢、渗入后硬化钢、渗入后 HTTMP 处理钢（应变率分别为 30%、50% 和 70%）。研究了加工前材料的微观结构特性和硬度，以及使用 AH8015 硬质合金刀片车削后材料的切削力和表面形貌。切削力测试在 v c = 157 m/min、f = 0.25 mm/rev 和 a p = 0.25 mm 的条件下进行。表面粗糙度测试在 v c = 157 m/min、f = 0.25 mm/rev、a p = 0.25 mm 的条件下进行。使用恒定的切削参数来消除静止因素的影响。结果发现，在应变率为 50%的条件下，对浸润粉末钢进行后续 HTTMP 加工，可获得最低的切削力（F c、F p 和 F f）、表面粗糙度参数（Sa 和 Sq）以及加工表面上具有单个高峰值的小区域。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/175917
Natalia Szczotkarz, Krzysztof Adamczuk, D. Dębowski, M.K. Gupta
Recently, environmental consciousness has led to the quest for ways to minimise negative elements in machining operations that threaten operator health and the environment. Titanium alloys are hard to cut, thus cooling the cut - ting zone is essential to reduce tool wear. Variations in Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle concentrations supplied to the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) cutting fluid affect cutting wedge wear during Ti6Al4V alloy turning. A diameter of 15 nm nanoparticles were utilised at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt% mass concentrations. In the experiments, the flank face wear band width VB B and crater width KB were measured. Comparisons were also made using dry-cutting tools and the MQL approach without nanoparticles. X-ray microanalysis was used to quantify and qualitatively assess the chemical composition of chosen rake surface micro-areas. Studies showed that Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle mass concentration affects tool wear when turning a hard-to-cut alloy. 0.5 and 0.75 wt% mass concentrations had the lowest flank and rake wear of the four mass concentrations. The SEM examination showed that 0.5 wt% mass concentration decreased adhesive wear the most.
最近，环保意识促使人们寻求各种方法，尽量减少加工操作中威胁操作员健康和环境的负面因素。钛合金很难切削，因此冷却切削区对减少刀具磨损至关重要。最小量润滑（MQL）切削液中 Al 2 O 3 纳米粒子浓度的变化会影响 Ti6Al4V 合金车削过程中的切削楔磨损。纳米粒子的直径为 15 nm，质量浓度分别为 0.25、0.5、0.75 和 1 wt%。在实验中，测量了侧面磨损带宽度 VB B 和凹坑宽度 KB。此外，还使用干切工具和不含纳米颗粒的 MQL 方法进行了比较。X 射线显微分析用于定量和定性评估所选耙面微区的化学成分。研究表明，在车削难切削合金时，Al 2 O 3 纳米粒子的质量浓度会影响刀具磨损。在四种质量浓度中，0.5 和 0.75 wt% 质量浓度的侧面和耙面磨损最小。扫描电子显微镜检查显示，0.5 wt% 质量浓度对粘着磨损的影响最大。
{"title":"Influence of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles Mass Concentrations on the Tool Wear Values During Turning of Titanium Alloy Under Minimum Quantity Lubrication Conditions","authors":"Natalia Szczotkarz, Krzysztof Adamczuk, D. Dębowski, M.K. Gupta","doi":"10.12913/22998624/175917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/175917","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, environmental consciousness has led to the quest for ways to minimise negative elements in machining operations that threaten operator health and the environment. Titanium alloys are hard to cut, thus cooling the cut - ting zone is essential to reduce tool wear. Variations in Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle concentrations supplied to the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) cutting fluid affect cutting wedge wear during Ti6Al4V alloy turning. A diameter of 15 nm nanoparticles were utilised at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 wt% mass concentrations. In the experiments, the flank face wear band width VB B and crater width KB were measured. Comparisons were also made using dry-cutting tools and the MQL approach without nanoparticles. X-ray microanalysis was used to quantify and qualitatively assess the chemical composition of chosen rake surface micro-areas. Studies showed that Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle mass concentration affects tool wear when turning a hard-to-cut alloy. 0.5 and 0.75 wt% mass concentrations had the lowest flank and rake wear of the four mass concentrations. The SEM examination showed that 0.5 wt% mass concentration decreased adhesive wear the most.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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