Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/182928
M. Magdziak
The paper presents a new method of analysis of a controlled radius (CR). The presented method was verified based on simulations of coordinate measurements and during real measurements conducted on the selected coordinate measuring machine (CMM) – ACCURA II. In addition, the investigations were conducted by means of the Calyp - so metrology software and the Python programming environment. Computer simulations were performed for the selected dispersion of measurement points relating to nominal data of measured products. The actual coordinate measurements were conducted by using various measurement strategies. The created method takes into account the analysis of flattening of a considered curve, for which the measurement characteristic CR is determined. The analysis was conducted based on linear regression. The advantage of the presented method is the possibility of its implementation in software of a CMM and, consequently, the use of the above-mentioned method in industry. The new method detected flat fragments of measured objects regardless of the applied number of measurement points.
本文介绍了一种分析受控半径 (CR) 的新方法。根据坐标测量的模拟以及在选定的坐标测量机 (CMM) - ACCURA II 上进行的实际测量，对所介绍的方法进行了验证。此外，还通过 Calyp - so 计量软件和 Python 编程环境进行了研究。针对与被测产品标称数据相关的选定测量点分散情况进行了计算机模拟。实际坐标测量采用了各种测量策略。所创建的方法考虑到了对所考虑曲线的扁平化分析，并为此确定了测量特性 CR。分析以线性回归为基础。该方法的优点是可以在坐标测量机软件中实施，因此可以在工业中使用上述方法。无论测量点的数量多少，新方法都能检测出被测物体的平面碎片。
{"title":"Application of Coordinate Measuring Machines for Analysis of a Controlled Radius Based on Linear Regression","authors":"M. Magdziak","doi":"10.12913/22998624/182928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/182928","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new method of analysis of a controlled radius (CR). The presented method was verified based on simulations of coordinate measurements and during real measurements conducted on the selected coordinate measuring machine (CMM) – ACCURA II. In addition, the investigations were conducted by means of the Calyp - so metrology software and the Python programming environment. Computer simulations were performed for the selected dispersion of measurement points relating to nominal data of measured products. The actual coordinate measurements were conducted by using various measurement strategies. The created method takes into account the analysis of flattening of a considered curve, for which the measurement characteristic CR is determined. The analysis was conducted based on linear regression. The advantage of the presented method is the possibility of its implementation in software of a CMM and, consequently, the use of the above-mentioned method in industry. The new method detected flat fragments of measured objects regardless of the applied number of measurement points.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140356874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/174932
Krzysztof Majerski, Ewa Siemionek, M. Szucki, Piotr Surdacki
The article discusses the influence of heat treatment and metal forming parameters on formability and the structure of the AZ91 cast magnesium alloy. The aim of the article is to determine the optimal parameters of homogenization and plastic deformation of sand castings made of the AZ91 alloy in order to improve their properties and structure. In this study, sand castings made from the AZ91 alloy were examined. In the first stage, the castings were homog - enized at: 385 °C, 400 °C, 415 °C and 430 °C with argon as a shielding gas for 24 hours and then quenched. Sub-sequently the upsetting tests were conducted at 380 ° C; 400 ° C; 420 ° C; 440 ° C for two deformation values: ε = 0.7 and ε = 1.1. After upsetting, the samples were water-and air-cooled. At this stage, a visual assessment was made and samples without cracks were subjected supersaturation at 415 ° C for 6 h, and artificial aging at 175 ° C for 24 h. Vickers hardness tests and microstructure assessment were carried out, at individual stages of testing. Based on the results obtained from the upsetting, structure and hardness tests, the most favorable homogenisation and plastic deformation conditions were determined for AZ91 alloy sand castings. The best results are achieved by homogenizing sand castings at 415 °C for 24 h. Among the tested parameters for conducting metal forming processing in the range of 380–440 °C and deformation values: ε = 0.7 and ε = 1.1, forging of sand-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at 420 °C and deformation of ε = 0.7 with water cooling seems to be the most favourable. The final heat treatment applied after the deformation process consists of supersaturation at 415 °C for 6 hours water quenching as artificial aging at 175 °C for 24. This combination of heat and plastic treatment parameters of castings allows for improvement of the structure and properties of sand castings made of the AZ91 alloy.
{"title":"Investigations of the Effect of Heat Treatment and Plastic Deformation Parameters on the Formability and Microstructure of AZ91 Alloy Castings","authors":"Krzysztof Majerski, Ewa Siemionek, M. Szucki, Piotr Surdacki","doi":"10.12913/22998624/174932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/174932","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the influence of heat treatment and metal forming parameters on formability and the structure of the AZ91 cast magnesium alloy. The aim of the article is to determine the optimal parameters of homogenization and plastic deformation of sand castings made of the AZ91 alloy in order to improve their properties and structure. In this study, sand castings made from the AZ91 alloy were examined. In the first stage, the castings were homog - enized at: 385 °C, 400 °C, 415 °C and 430 °C with argon as a shielding gas for 24 hours and then quenched. Sub-sequently the upsetting tests were conducted at 380 ° C; 400 ° C; 420 ° C; 440 ° C for two deformation values: ε = 0.7 and ε = 1.1. After upsetting, the samples were water-and air-cooled. At this stage, a visual assessment was made and samples without cracks were subjected supersaturation at 415 ° C for 6 h, and artificial aging at 175 ° C for 24 h. Vickers hardness tests and microstructure assessment were carried out, at individual stages of testing. Based on the results obtained from the upsetting, structure and hardness tests, the most favorable homogenisation and plastic deformation conditions were determined for AZ91 alloy sand castings. The best results are achieved by homogenizing sand castings at 415 °C for 24 h. Among the tested parameters for conducting metal forming processing in the range of 380–440 °C and deformation values: ε = 0.7 and ε = 1.1, forging of sand-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at 420 °C and deformation of ε = 0.7 with water cooling seems to be the most favourable. The final heat treatment applied after the deformation process consists of supersaturation at 415 °C for 6 hours water quenching as artificial aging at 175 °C for 24. This combination of heat and plastic treatment parameters of castings allows for improvement of the structure and properties of sand castings made of the AZ91 alloy.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed to develop a dual-axis rotary table for small and medium-sized five-axis milling machines. The rotation and tilting axis of swivel table were respectively driven by servo motor with gear reducer to achieve low speed, high torque, high rigidity and high precision machining capability. Essentially, the dynamic interaction between the workpiece and the cutter in the cutting process is an important factor that affects the machining performance, which also implies that the structural characteristics of the rotary table with the tilting angle will affect the cutting performance of the five-axis machine. Therefore, at the design stage of a five-axis machine tool, it is a prerequisite to evaluate change of dynamic characteristics of the rotary module within the desired feeding range. To this purpose, this study employed the finite element method to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the rotary table under different configurations. In order to evaluate the application feasibility of the dual-axis module on a milling machine, ISO S-shaped machining tests were carried out. Meanwhile, considering the influence of machining vibration on the surface quality of the work piece, the vibration induced at spindle tool and rotary table were assessed for comparisons and used to evaluate their variations with the milling cycles. Based on various experimental results, it is confirmed that the proposed dual-axis rotary table has good structural dynamic charac - teristics with stable vibration features during a small batch production tests. Current results clearly demonstrate the potential and capability of the proposed dual-axis rotary table in practical application and commercialization.
本研究旨在开发一种适用于中小型五轴铣床的双轴旋转工作台。旋转工作台的旋转轴和倾斜轴分别由伺服电机和齿轮减速器驱动，以实现低转速、高扭矩、高刚性和高精度的加工能力。从本质上讲，切削过程中工件与刀具之间的动态相互作用是影响加工性能的重要因素，这也意味着旋转工作台的结构特征与倾斜角度会影响五轴机床的切削性能。因此，在五轴机床的设计阶段，评估旋转模块在所需进给范围内的动态特性变化是一个先决条件。为此，本研究采用有限元法分析了旋转台在不同配置下的动态特性。为了评估双轴模块在铣床上应用的可行性，进行了 ISO S 形加工试验。同时，考虑到加工振动对工件表面质量的影响，对主轴刀具和旋转台引起的振动进行了比较评估，并用于评估它们随铣削周期的变化。根据各种实验结果，证实了所提出的双轴旋转工作台具有良好的结构动态特性，在小批量生产测试中具有稳定的振动特征。目前的结果清楚地证明了所提出的双轴旋转台在实际应用和商业化方面的潜力和能力。
{"title":"Innovative Design and Machining Verification of a Dual Axis Swivel Table for a Milling Machine","authors":"Wei-Zhu Lin, Jian-Xuan Xiao, Yung-Chih Lin, Bo-Wei Chang, Jui-Pin Hung","doi":"10.12913/22998624/178528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/178528","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to develop a dual-axis rotary table for small and medium-sized five-axis milling machines. The rotation and tilting axis of swivel table were respectively driven by servo motor with gear reducer to achieve low speed, high torque, high rigidity and high precision machining capability. Essentially, the dynamic interaction between the workpiece and the cutter in the cutting process is an important factor that affects the machining performance, which also implies that the structural characteristics of the rotary table with the tilting angle will affect the cutting performance of the five-axis machine. Therefore, at the design stage of a five-axis machine tool, it is a prerequisite to evaluate change of dynamic characteristics of the rotary module within the desired feeding range. To this purpose, this study employed the finite element method to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the rotary table under different configurations. In order to evaluate the application feasibility of the dual-axis module on a milling machine, ISO S-shaped machining tests were carried out. Meanwhile, considering the influence of machining vibration on the surface quality of the work piece, the vibration induced at spindle tool and rotary table were assessed for comparisons and used to evaluate their variations with the milling cycles. Based on various experimental results, it is confirmed that the proposed dual-axis rotary table has good structural dynamic charac - teristics with stable vibration features during a small batch production tests. Current results clearly demonstrate the potential and capability of the proposed dual-axis rotary table in practical application and commercialization.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/175969
Tadeusz Hejwowski, D. Łukasik
The present study is directed to the problem of hardfacing and restoration of worn industrial equipment. Wear tests were carried out using especially built rig which reproduces working conditions of machinery applied in cement plants. The results of tribological tests on 20 Fe-and Ni-base hardfacings are presented. The effect of hardfacing hardness and chemical composition was evaluated. It was found in SEM examinations that matrix was removed from the zone adjacent to carbides which made them liable to cracking and digging out. The mechanism of matrix removal depended on its hardness and include microcutting and low cycle fatigue. Ni-based hardfacings outper-formed Fe-based coatings. The abrasion resistance of the best Ni-base coating, the Stelcar 6 was 38.7 times higher than that of S235JR steel. Eutectics in Ni-base coatings disturb motion of abrasive grains and force them to rotate instead of sliding over hardfacing surface. Ni-based coatings can be considered in hardfacing or reclamation of numerous industrial components applied in cement plants.
{"title":"Abrasion Resistance of Nickel- and Iron-base Hardfacings","authors":"Tadeusz Hejwowski, D. Łukasik","doi":"10.12913/22998624/175969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/175969","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is directed to the problem of hardfacing and restoration of worn industrial equipment. Wear tests were carried out using especially built rig which reproduces working conditions of machinery applied in cement plants. The results of tribological tests on 20 Fe-and Ni-base hardfacings are presented. The effect of hardfacing hardness and chemical composition was evaluated. It was found in SEM examinations that matrix was removed from the zone adjacent to carbides which made them liable to cracking and digging out. The mechanism of matrix removal depended on its hardness and include microcutting and low cycle fatigue. Ni-based hardfacings outper-formed Fe-based coatings. The abrasion resistance of the best Ni-base coating, the Stelcar 6 was 38.7 times higher than that of S235JR steel. Eutectics in Ni-base coatings disturb motion of abrasive grains and force them to rotate instead of sliding over hardfacing surface. Ni-based coatings can be considered in hardfacing or reclamation of numerous industrial components applied in cement plants.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"145 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/178176
Stanisław Pabiszczak
clutch to rotate just one step resulting from its construction.
离合器旋转只需一步即可完成。
{"title":"Performance of a Cam-Type Pulse Continuously Variable Transmission","authors":"Stanisław Pabiszczak","doi":"10.12913/22998624/178176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/178176","url":null,"abstract":"clutch to rotate just one step resulting from its construction.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"100 S103","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/175930
Marta Wójcik, A. Gontarz, A. Skrzat, G. Winiarski
The Chaboche-Lemaitre combined isotropic-kinematic hardening model (CKIH) gives an overall information about the material behaviour under cyclic loading. The identification of hardening parameters is a difficult and time-consuming problem. The procedure of the parameters identification using the experimental hysteresis curve obtained in a cyclic loading test under strain control is presented in details here for a S235JR construction steel. The last stabilized cycle extracted from the hysteresis curve is required for the identification of hardening parame - ters. The model with three backstresses is tested here. The optimization algorithm is also used for the improvement of the agreement between experimental and numerical data. In order to include some uncertainty of experiment and the identification procedure, the authorial algorithm written on the basis of the fuzzy logic soft-computing method is applied here. The results obtained show that the identification procedure presented in this paper ensures the good agreement between the experimental tests and numerical calculations. The correct selection of parameters associated with the hardening is essential for the right description of material behaviour subject to loading in different engineering problems, including in metal forming processes.
{"title":"Computational Methods of the Identification of Chaboche Isotropic-Kinematic Hardening Model Parameters Derived from the Cyclic Loading Tests","authors":"Marta Wójcik, A. Gontarz, A. Skrzat, G. Winiarski","doi":"10.12913/22998624/175930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/175930","url":null,"abstract":"The Chaboche-Lemaitre combined isotropic-kinematic hardening model (CKIH) gives an overall information about the material behaviour under cyclic loading. The identification of hardening parameters is a difficult and time-consuming problem. The procedure of the parameters identification using the experimental hysteresis curve obtained in a cyclic loading test under strain control is presented in details here for a S235JR construction steel. The last stabilized cycle extracted from the hysteresis curve is required for the identification of hardening parame - ters. The model with three backstresses is tested here. The optimization algorithm is also used for the improvement of the agreement between experimental and numerical data. In order to include some uncertainty of experiment and the identification procedure, the authorial algorithm written on the basis of the fuzzy logic soft-computing method is applied here. The results obtained show that the identification procedure presented in this paper ensures the good agreement between the experimental tests and numerical calculations. The correct selection of parameters associated with the hardening is essential for the right description of material behaviour subject to loading in different engineering problems, including in metal forming processes.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"266 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/177254
M. Pawlak, Michał Kuźniar
The paper presents the energy consumption and emissions of pollutants in the exhausts during the take-off opera - tion mission of a Short Take-Off and Landing (STOL) aircraft equipped with a traditional and hybrid propulsion system. This research is part of the contemporary trend of research aimed at reducing the impact of aviation on the natural environment. The analyzed propulsion system consists of turbine engines and electric motors cooperating with them. In this work, on the basis of data from flight tests, the energy requirement for the aircraft to perform the intended mission was determined. On this basis, fuel consumption and the corresponding pollutant emissions were determined for an aircraft with a traditional power unit. For comparison, an aircraft with a hybrid propulsion system with the same mass as an aircraft with a traditional propulsion system was used. Then, energy consumption, fuel consumption and emission of CO 2 , CO, NO x , VOC, PM 10 and PM 2.5 were obtained for both aircraft variants. The most important results of the conducted research include a reduction in CO 2 emissions by 23% and NO x emissions by 46% in the case of the hybrid propulsion. This indicates potential benefits of using hybrid propulsion in aviation.
{"title":"Performance and Emission of the Aircraft with Hybrid Propulsion During Take-Off Operation Cycle","authors":"M. Pawlak, Michał Kuźniar","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177254","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the energy consumption and emissions of pollutants in the exhausts during the take-off opera - tion mission of a Short Take-Off and Landing (STOL) aircraft equipped with a traditional and hybrid propulsion system. This research is part of the contemporary trend of research aimed at reducing the impact of aviation on the natural environment. The analyzed propulsion system consists of turbine engines and electric motors cooperating with them. In this work, on the basis of data from flight tests, the energy requirement for the aircraft to perform the intended mission was determined. On this basis, fuel consumption and the corresponding pollutant emissions were determined for an aircraft with a traditional power unit. For comparison, an aircraft with a hybrid propulsion system with the same mass as an aircraft with a traditional propulsion system was used. Then, energy consumption, fuel consumption and emission of CO 2 , CO, NO x , VOC, PM 10 and PM 2.5 were obtained for both aircraft variants. The most important results of the conducted research include a reduction in CO 2 emissions by 23% and NO x emissions by 46% in the case of the hybrid propulsion. This indicates potential benefits of using hybrid propulsion in aviation.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"2010 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/177662
Truong Giang Duong, Van Tinh Nguyen
{"title":"Improves the Brake Working of the Rescue Winch to Control the Stop Brake Process","authors":"Truong Giang Duong, Van Tinh Nguyen","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/178330
M. Szczęch, Wojciech Sikora
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology has become popular for producing prototypes and final parts in various industries, including the automotive, aerospace, and medical sectors. The leakage of such components is often an important factor in determining their possible applications. This paper focuses on researching the influence of printing parameters on leakage and relating the results to the strength of parts produced using this tech - nology. The printing parameters considered were temperature and layer height. PLA (polylactic acid) was chosen as the material due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. Leakage measurements were carried out using an empty cylinder-shaped vessel filled with air under pressure. The leakage value was observed as a pressure drop over time. It was shown that 3D-printed FDM vessels are not perfectly leak-proof, but the value of observed leakage may be acceptable for selected applications (leakage below 2.5 Pa/s). The results showed a high correlation between the height of the printed layer in both the leakage and strength of the tested samples, while reducing the height increased the tightness and strength of the 3D-printed parts. The effect of printing temperature was less significant.
熔融沉积建模（FDM）三维打印技术已成为汽车、航空航天和医疗等各行各业生产原型和最终部件的流行技术。这些部件的泄漏通常是决定其应用可能性的重要因素。本文重点研究印刷参数对泄漏的影响，并将研究结果与使用该技术生产的部件的强度联系起来。考虑的印刷参数包括温度和层高。由于聚乳酸具有生物降解性和生物相容性，因此选择聚乳酸作为材料。使用一个空的圆筒形容器，在压力下充满空气，进行泄漏测量。泄漏值以压力随时间下降的形式进行观察。结果表明，3D 打印的 FDM 容器并非完全防漏，但观察到的泄漏值对于选定的应用来说是可以接受的（泄漏低于 2.5 Pa/s）。结果表明，打印层的高度与测试样品的泄漏量和强度都有很高的相关性，而降低打印层的高度则会提高 3D 打印部件的密封性和强度。打印温度的影响则不太明显。
{"title":"The Influence of Printing Parameters on Leakage and Strength of Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printed Parts","authors":"M. Szczęch, Wojciech Sikora","doi":"10.12913/22998624/178330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/178330","url":null,"abstract":"Fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing technology has become popular for producing prototypes and final parts in various industries, including the automotive, aerospace, and medical sectors. The leakage of such components is often an important factor in determining their possible applications. This paper focuses on researching the influence of printing parameters on leakage and relating the results to the strength of parts produced using this tech - nology. The printing parameters considered were temperature and layer height. PLA (polylactic acid) was chosen as the material due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. Leakage measurements were carried out using an empty cylinder-shaped vessel filled with air under pressure. The leakage value was observed as a pressure drop over time. It was shown that 3D-printed FDM vessels are not perfectly leak-proof, but the value of observed leakage may be acceptable for selected applications (leakage below 2.5 Pa/s). The results showed a high correlation between the height of the printed layer in both the leakage and strength of the tested samples, while reducing the height increased the tightness and strength of the 3D-printed parts. The effect of printing temperature was less significant.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"246 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.12913/22998624/177029
J. Górecki, Wiktor Łykowski, Maria Gumeni
The article describes the results of experimental research that allowed us to compare the influence of the form - ing channel shape and its length on the limit value of the force occurring in the process of extruding crystallized carbon dioxide using multi-channel dies. To carry out the research, the authors adopted a method described in the literature, which allows for experimenting using a sublimating material under normal conditions, at a temperature of -78.4°C. Analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis of the experiment results, which allowed to determine the level of statistical significance of differences between individual populations. Additionally, based on the median and regression values, an attempt was made to fit a function describing the change in the tested values as a function of geometric parameters. This allowed for comparison of the impact of individual variables. The authors did not observe the research results in the available literature, they would discuss the influence of the channel shape of multi-channel systems on the value of the confining force. Therefore, according to the authors, the presented results constitute an important supplement to the available knowledge.
{"title":"Influence of the Extrusion Cavity Shape on the Ultimate Extrusion Force Value During Pellet Extrusion Through Multiple-Cavity Dies","authors":"J. Górecki, Wiktor Łykowski, Maria Gumeni","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177029","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the results of experimental research that allowed us to compare the influence of the form - ing channel shape and its length on the limit value of the force occurring in the process of extruding crystallized carbon dioxide using multi-channel dies. To carry out the research, the authors adopted a method described in the literature, which allows for experimenting using a sublimating material under normal conditions, at a temperature of -78.4°C. Analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis of the experiment results, which allowed to determine the level of statistical significance of differences between individual populations. Additionally, based on the median and regression values, an attempt was made to fit a function describing the change in the tested values as a function of geometric parameters. This allowed for comparison of the impact of individual variables. The authors did not observe the research results in the available literature, they would discuss the influence of the channel shape of multi-channel systems on the value of the confining force. Therefore, according to the authors, the presented results constitute an important supplement to the available knowledge.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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