Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8841670
Laura Frances Goffman
The HIV/AIDS pandemic evoked anxieties that were tied to Kuwait’s particular histories of gendered citizenship and dislocations of globalized labor. In Kuwait, to the best of our knowledge, HIV/AIDS has not reached epidemic levels. But in the midst of global discussions of HIV/AIDS in the late 1980s and early 1990s, anxiety surrounding Kuwait’s integration into transnational networks of travel and tourism brought tensions over gender roles, citizenship, sexuality, and infidelity to the forefront of public discourse. Drawing on local Arabic-language newspapers, public health campaign material, and state-sponsored publications on Islamic interpretations of HIV/AIDS, this article examines the significance of AIDS in a region where reactions to the pandemic centered on the process of constructing a potential medical event. Citizens and noncitizen residents of Kuwait articulated these anxieties in the context of waiting—waiting to be infected, waiting for a national outbreak, waiting in quarantine, and, for noncitizens who tested positive for HIV, waiting to be deported. By the mid-1990s, this process of anticipating and taking concrete legal measures to prevent a future epidemic resulted in the medicalization of social and political patterns of gender inequality, nativism, and differential citizenship.
{"title":"Waiting for AIDS in Kuwait","authors":"Laura Frances Goffman","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8841670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8841670","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The HIV/AIDS pandemic evoked anxieties that were tied to Kuwait’s particular histories of gendered citizenship and dislocations of globalized labor. In Kuwait, to the best of our knowledge, HIV/AIDS has not reached epidemic levels. But in the midst of global discussions of HIV/AIDS in the late 1980s and early 1990s, anxiety surrounding Kuwait’s integration into transnational networks of travel and tourism brought tensions over gender roles, citizenship, sexuality, and infidelity to the forefront of public discourse. Drawing on local Arabic-language newspapers, public health campaign material, and state-sponsored publications on Islamic interpretations of HIV/AIDS, this article examines the significance of AIDS in a region where reactions to the pandemic centered on the process of constructing a potential medical event. Citizens and noncitizen residents of Kuwait articulated these anxieties in the context of waiting—waiting to be infected, waiting for a national outbreak, waiting in quarantine, and, for noncitizens who tested positive for HIV, waiting to be deported. By the mid-1990s, this process of anticipating and taking concrete legal measures to prevent a future epidemic resulted in the medicalization of social and political patterns of gender inequality, nativism, and differential citizenship.","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"2021 1","pages":"21-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41989081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8841766
J. Ordaz
This article explores the intersection between migrant detention and HIV/AIDS from the 1980s to the present. “AIDS Knows No Borders” centers histories of exclusion, detention, and deportation. The first part discusses immigration policy that made AIDS screening mandatory as part of the asylum process and the activism that resulted in protest of these measures. AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power/Los Angeles (ACT UP/LA), a grassroots direct-action organization, opposed this legislation throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Activists highlighted the global nature of AIDS; challenged misinformation; conducted guerilla theater, phone zaps, and die-ins; and held demonstrations against the INS, the use of immigration detention, and their treatment of migrants with HIV/AIDS. The article then moves to discuss more contemporary testimonies from HIV/AIDS-positive detention migrants.
{"title":"“AIDS Knows No Borders”","authors":"J. Ordaz","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8841766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8841766","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores the intersection between migrant detention and HIV/AIDS from the 1980s to the present. “AIDS Knows No Borders” centers histories of exclusion, detention, and deportation. The first part discusses immigration policy that made AIDS screening mandatory as part of the asylum process and the activism that resulted in protest of these measures. AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power/Los Angeles (ACT UP/LA), a grassroots direct-action organization, opposed this legislation throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Activists highlighted the global nature of AIDS; challenged misinformation; conducted guerilla theater, phone zaps, and die-ins; and held demonstrations against the INS, the use of immigration detention, and their treatment of migrants with HIV/AIDS. The article then moves to discuss more contemporary testimonies from HIV/AIDS-positive detention migrants.","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"2021 1","pages":"175-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42570643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8841742
Devon Betts
In 2012 the FDA’s approval of Truvada as a type of HIV preventative health care (PrEP) generated a considerable amount of criticism. This discourse was exemplified by the #TruvadaWhore campaign, in which gay men used the hashtag to reclaim this derogatory term and made information on PrEP more accessible. Although this campaign is queer in its rejection of heteronormative logics, it also highlights the limitations of queer identity politics. The #TruvadaWhore campaign masks differences of power and privilege among MSM. It presumed that a critique of slut shaming could function universally across race, despite the racial myths about Black hypersexuality that have existed throughout modernity, and undergird the ongoing regulation of Black bodies, both queer and straight. Ultimately, this article calls for a queering and reimagining of such activism as an intersectional and coalitional project through an exploration of the question: who gets to be a #TruvadaWhore?
{"title":"Who Gets to Be a #TruvadaWhore","authors":"Devon Betts","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8841742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8841742","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 2012 the FDA’s approval of Truvada as a type of HIV preventative health care (PrEP) generated a considerable amount of criticism. This discourse was exemplified by the #TruvadaWhore campaign, in which gay men used the hashtag to reclaim this derogatory term and made information on PrEP more accessible. Although this campaign is queer in its rejection of heteronormative logics, it also highlights the limitations of queer identity politics. The #TruvadaWhore campaign masks differences of power and privilege among MSM. It presumed that a critique of slut shaming could function universally across race, despite the racial myths about Black hypersexuality that have existed throughout modernity, and undergird the ongoing regulation of Black bodies, both queer and straight. Ultimately, this article calls for a queering and reimagining of such activism as an intersectional and coalitional project through an exploration of the question: who gets to be a #TruvadaWhore?","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"2021 1","pages":"157-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41805502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8841694
Salonee Bhaman
This article explores the interrelated struggles for housing and HIV/AIDS care during the first decades of the epidemic in New York City. It follows municipal and activist responses to a growing homeless population alongside the work of tenants’ rights advocates to explore the complex dynamics of care, displacement, and austerity that gave shape to the struggles of people living with HIV/AIDS. This article places the 1989 New York State Supreme Court case Braschi v. Stahl, concerning lease succession rights for same-sex partners, as a central text alongside Callahan v. Carey and Mixon v. Grinker litigation to illustrate the possibilities and limitations within coalitions formed between antipoverty activists and LGBTQ rights groups.
{"title":"“For a Few Months of Peace”","authors":"Salonee Bhaman","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8841694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8841694","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores the interrelated struggles for housing and HIV/AIDS care during the first decades of the epidemic in New York City. It follows municipal and activist responses to a growing homeless population alongside the work of tenants’ rights advocates to explore the complex dynamics of care, displacement, and austerity that gave shape to the struggles of people living with HIV/AIDS. This article places the 1989 New York State Supreme Court case Braschi v. Stahl, concerning lease succession rights for same-sex partners, as a central text alongside Callahan v. Carey and Mixon v. Grinker litigation to illustrate the possibilities and limitations within coalitions formed between antipoverty activists and LGBTQ rights groups.","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"2021 1","pages":"78-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49072168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8841814
Monica B. Pearl
This article is one woman’s reflection on her experiences as a member of ACT UP/New York in the late 1980s and early 1990s through the lens of subsequent engagement in scholarship on AIDS representation in literature and visual media. Excerpted from a keynote address at a conference on the thirtieth anniversary of ACT UP at the University of York in June 2017, this essay reflects on the legacy of AIDS activism, ACT UP meetings, women and AIDS, needle exchange, safe sex workshops, the creation of the book Women, AIDS, and Activism, and queer kinship and conversation.
{"title":"“A Thousand Kindred Spirits”","authors":"Monica B. Pearl","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8841814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8841814","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article is one woman’s reflection on her experiences as a member of ACT UP/New York in the late 1980s and early 1990s through the lens of subsequent engagement in scholarship on AIDS representation in literature and visual media. Excerpted from a keynote address at a conference on the thirtieth anniversary of ACT UP at the University of York in June 2017, this essay reflects on the legacy of AIDS activism, ACT UP meetings, women and AIDS, needle exchange, safe sex workshops, the creation of the book Women, AIDS, and Activism, and queer kinship and conversation.","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"2021 1","pages":"217-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44792461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8822566
A. Ciafone, Devin McGeehan Muchmore
This essay introduces readers to key themes in critical gerontology and age studies and asserts their centrality to contemporary history and politics. Age scholars and critical gerontologists push back against perspectives that individualize and medicalize old age as a natural or universal stage in a singular life course explained solely by biology, psychology, or personal choices. Instead, they challenge us to see contemporary life stages and even chronological age itself as historically and culturally specific structures. The contributions in this issue demonstrate the power of this approach, exploring histories of later life in the context of slave societies, retirement, social movements, and gendered embodiment. Together, contributors model a radical history of old age that centers power, historical struggle, and linked lives.
{"title":"Old Age and Radical History","authors":"A. Ciafone, Devin McGeehan Muchmore","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8822566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8822566","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay introduces readers to key themes in critical gerontology and age studies and asserts their centrality to contemporary history and politics. Age scholars and critical gerontologists push back against perspectives that individualize and medicalize old age as a natural or universal stage in a singular life course explained solely by biology, psychology, or personal choices. Instead, they challenge us to see contemporary life stages and even chronological age itself as historically and culturally specific structures. The contributions in this issue demonstrate the power of this approach, exploring histories of later life in the context of slave societies, retirement, social movements, and gendered embodiment. Together, contributors model a radical history of old age that centers power, historical struggle, and linked lives.","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41304357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8822590
Corinne T. Field
This essay outlines Sojourner Truth’s and Harriet Tubman’s articulations of an intersectional black feminist agenda for old-age justice. The two most famous formerly enslaved women in the nineteenth-century United States, Truth and Tubman in their speeches, activism, and published Narratives revealed the mechanisms of domination through which enslavers and employers of domestic servants extracted productive and reproductive labor from black women, who in turn faced premature debility and immiseration at the end of life. Truth and Tubman linked what is now called necropolitics—“subjugation of life to the power of death,” in Achille Mbembe’s phrase—to the coercive organization of care work, what Evelyn Nakano Glenn refers to as being “forced to care.” They point to the importance of gendered and racialized labor to the history of old age in America.
{"title":"Old-Age Justice and Black Feminist History","authors":"Corinne T. Field","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8822590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8822590","url":null,"abstract":"This essay outlines Sojourner Truth’s and Harriet Tubman’s articulations of an intersectional black feminist agenda for old-age justice. The two most famous formerly enslaved women in the nineteenth-century United States, Truth and Tubman in their speeches, activism, and published Narratives revealed the mechanisms of domination through which enslavers and employers of domestic servants extracted productive and reproductive labor from black women, who in turn faced premature debility and immiseration at the end of life. Truth and Tubman linked what is now called necropolitics—“subjugation of life to the power of death,” in Achille Mbembe’s phrase—to the coercive organization of care work, what Evelyn Nakano Glenn refers to as being “forced to care.” They point to the importance of gendered and racialized labor to the history of old age in America.","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"2021 1","pages":"37-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66116830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8822639
Amelia Kennedy
This article explores issues of labor, community, and authority in medieval Europe through an examination of older Cistercian abbots and the practice of abbatial “retirement.” While historians typically associate the Cistercians with greater acceptance of abbatial resignation, this article focuses on the fervent twelfth-century opposition to the practice. Many Cistercians asserted that abbatial retirement harmed the reputation of the monastic community and constituted a form of self-indulgence on the part of the abbot, whose soul would consequently be jeopardized as he prepared for death. This article argues that these attitudes reflected the importance of service and labor in later life, as well as the abbot’s continued importance within the community. Medieval monasticism thus offers a concept of “active aging” focused on community and care of others. The thirteenth-century trend in favor of retirement stemmed from increasing institutionalization and new understandings of what constituted the “common good” for a monastic community.
{"title":"“Do Not Relinquish Your Offspring”","authors":"Amelia Kennedy","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8822639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8822639","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores issues of labor, community, and authority in medieval Europe through an examination of older Cistercian abbots and the practice of abbatial “retirement.” While historians typically associate the Cistercians with greater acceptance of abbatial resignation, this article focuses on the fervent twelfth-century opposition to the practice. Many Cistercians asserted that abbatial retirement harmed the reputation of the monastic community and constituted a form of self-indulgence on the part of the abbot, whose soul would consequently be jeopardized as he prepared for death. This article argues that these attitudes reflected the importance of service and labor in later life, as well as the abbot’s continued importance within the community. Medieval monasticism thus offers a concept of “active aging” focused on community and care of others. The thirteenth-century trend in favor of retirement stemmed from increasing institutionalization and new understandings of what constituted the “common good” for a monastic community.","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"38 1","pages":"123-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66116903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8822723
J. Dugan, Vanessa D. Fabbre
For over five years, photographer Jess T. Dugan and social worker Vanessa Fabbre traveled throughout the United States creating To Survive on This Shore: Photographs and Interviews with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Older Adults. Seeking subjects whose lived experiences exist at the complex intersections of gender identity, age, race, ethnicity, sexuality, socioeconomic class, and geographic location, they documented the life stories of this important but largely underrepresented group of older adults. The resulting photographs and interviews provide a nuanced view into the struggles and joys of growing older as a transgender person and offer a poignant reflection on what it means to live authentically despite seemingly insurmountable odds.
{"title":"To Survive on This Shore","authors":"J. Dugan, Vanessa D. Fabbre","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8822723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8822723","url":null,"abstract":"For over five years, photographer Jess T. Dugan and social worker Vanessa Fabbre traveled throughout the United States creating To Survive on This Shore: Photographs and Interviews with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Older Adults. Seeking subjects whose lived experiences exist at the complex intersections of gender identity, age, race, ethnicity, sexuality, socioeconomic class, and geographic location, they documented the life stories of this important but largely underrepresented group of older adults. The resulting photographs and interviews provide a nuanced view into the struggles and joys of growing older as a transgender person and offer a poignant reflection on what it means to live authentically despite seemingly insurmountable odds.","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"31 1","pages":"211-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66116865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1215/01636545-8822687
Rachel Gelfand
Drawing on critical aging studies, this article argues that queer relations inform understandings of loss, family, and belonging. What happens when older adults review, rehearse, and reappropriate historical texts? What is possible when archives serve as a space of dialogue? How do aging and death impact queer memory transmission? The article analyzes research methods while examining queer family as a tool for intergenerational collaboration. This work rethinks designations of “generation” and “aging” by applying nonheteronormative frameworks.
{"title":"Between Archives","authors":"Rachel Gelfand","doi":"10.1215/01636545-8822687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/01636545-8822687","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on critical aging studies, this article argues that queer relations inform understandings of loss, family, and belonging. What happens when older adults review, rehearse, and reappropriate historical texts? What is possible when archives serve as a space of dialogue? How do aging and death impact queer memory transmission? The article analyzes research methods while examining queer family as a tool for intergenerational collaboration. This work rethinks designations of “generation” and “aging” by applying nonheteronormative frameworks.","PeriodicalId":51725,"journal":{"name":"RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW","volume":"2021 1","pages":"200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66117002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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