Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1753141
N. Goulette
Abstract Scholars continue to recognize the important role prosecutorial discretion plays in the criminal court system. Using a sample of felony cases referred to one Prosecutor’s Office in Ohio, the current study investigates whether true or selective chivalry exists by examining main and interactive effects of defendant sex on the likelihood of reduced charges and the magnitude of these reductions using a novel approach. Results suggest that true chivalry exists between White males and females, however, no significant differences were noted between Black and White females.
{"title":"Is Chivalry Dead?: An Examination of Charge Reductions in One Ohio Jurisdiction","authors":"N. Goulette","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2020.1753141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2020.1753141","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scholars continue to recognize the important role prosecutorial discretion plays in the criminal court system. Using a sample of felony cases referred to one Prosecutor’s Office in Ohio, the current study investigates whether true or selective chivalry exists by examining main and interactive effects of defendant sex on the likelihood of reduced charges and the magnitude of these reductions using a novel approach. Results suggest that true chivalry exists between White males and females, however, no significant differences were noted between Black and White females.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"31 1","pages":"142 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2020.1753141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42130141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2019.1653420
Judith L. Perrigo, B. Nguyen, C. Hayes, Noah A. Nattell, V. Cortessis, M. Natavio
The study objective was to qualitatively explore experiences and perceptions of a reproductive life planning (RLP) class among women experiencing incarceration. Twelve focus groups were conducted with a total of 59 women, aged 19–44 (median age of 27). Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis methodology. Focus group analysis revealed four primary themes: (a) The RLP class was perceived as acceptable by women in a jail setting, (b) jail provides specific opportunities for an RLP class, (c) receptivity to the RLP class was influenced by an ambivalent attitude toward pregnancy, and (d) women want to learn about the range of contraceptive options by an instructor who is competent and empathic. The jail setting is an acceptable and valuable location for educating women about reproductive life planning. With basic needs met and negative distractions removed, the RLP class prompts women to reflect on previous and future reproductive choices.
{"title":"Incarcerated Women’s Perceptions of a Reproductive Life-Planning Class: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Judith L. Perrigo, B. Nguyen, C. Hayes, Noah A. Nattell, V. Cortessis, M. Natavio","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2019.1653420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2019.1653420","url":null,"abstract":"The study objective was to qualitatively explore experiences and perceptions of a reproductive life planning (RLP) class among women experiencing incarceration. Twelve focus groups were conducted with a total of 59 women, aged 19–44 (median age of 27). Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis methodology. Focus group analysis revealed four primary themes: (a) The RLP class was perceived as acceptable by women in a jail setting, (b) jail provides specific opportunities for an RLP class, (c) receptivity to the RLP class was influenced by an ambivalent attitude toward pregnancy, and (d) women want to learn about the range of contraceptive options by an instructor who is competent and empathic. The jail setting is an acceptable and valuable location for educating women about reproductive life planning. With basic needs met and negative distractions removed, the RLP class prompts women to reflect on previous and future reproductive choices.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"30 1","pages":"188 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2019.1653420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42642377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2019.1657550
L. Bartels, P. Easteal, Robyn Westgate
This article examines women’s imprisonment in Australia through a feminist multifocal lens. We consider female prisoners’ gendered needs, especially “the triumvirate” of victimization, substance abuse, and mental illness. We also acknowledge the importance of taking an intersectional approach, with particular reference to Indigenous women. We identify recent developments in Australian corrections policies and programs, especially trauma-informed care, mental health programs, children/parenting, education and work, and post-release support. Although we commend initiatives to support women during and after custody, we question the need to send most of them there in the first place, as we are concerned about the ability of any prison to provide an environment conducive to healing.
{"title":"Understanding Women’s Imprisonment in Australia","authors":"L. Bartels, P. Easteal, Robyn Westgate","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2019.1657550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2019.1657550","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines women’s imprisonment in Australia through a feminist multifocal lens. We consider female prisoners’ gendered needs, especially “the triumvirate” of victimization, substance abuse, and mental illness. We also acknowledge the importance of taking an intersectional approach, with particular reference to Indigenous women. We identify recent developments in Australian corrections policies and programs, especially trauma-informed care, mental health programs, children/parenting, education and work, and post-release support. Although we commend initiatives to support women during and after custody, we question the need to send most of them there in the first place, as we are concerned about the ability of any prison to provide an environment conducive to healing.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"30 1","pages":"204 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2019.1657550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48913374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1741487
Elizabeth A. Adams
Abstract Intensive parenting is the dominant parenting ideology in the United States, and it holds parents, especially mothers, accountable for the outcomes of their children, and urges them to expend extensive time and resources on child-rearing, even when such efforts compromise the parent’s wellbeing. Research continuously highlights the harms associated with women’s intensive parenting beliefs. This study employed factor analysis on the Intensive Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire to examine whether the resulting dimensions of intensive parenting related to risks for recidivism for 164 justice-involved mothers. Results indicated that their strong endorsement of essentialism (beliefs that mothers are uniquely qualified and responsible for child-rearing) and parenting that is all-consuming (beliefs that parenting requires great time and effort) were significantly associated with multiple risks for recidivism. The findings clarify how specific intensive parenting beliefs factor into mothers’ risks for recidivism and suggest the importance of not encouraging these beliefs in correctional settings.
{"title":"Intensive Parenting Ideologies and Risks for Recidivism among Justice-Involved Mothers","authors":"Elizabeth A. Adams","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2020.1741487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2020.1741487","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Intensive parenting is the dominant parenting ideology in the United States, and it holds parents, especially mothers, accountable for the outcomes of their children, and urges them to expend extensive time and resources on child-rearing, even when such efforts compromise the parent’s wellbeing. Research continuously highlights the harms associated with women’s intensive parenting beliefs. This study employed factor analysis on the Intensive Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire to examine whether the resulting dimensions of intensive parenting related to risks for recidivism for 164 justice-involved mothers. Results indicated that their strong endorsement of essentialism (beliefs that mothers are uniquely qualified and responsible for child-rearing) and parenting that is all-consuming (beliefs that parenting requires great time and effort) were significantly associated with multiple risks for recidivism. The findings clarify how specific intensive parenting beliefs factor into mothers’ risks for recidivism and suggest the importance of not encouraging these beliefs in correctional settings.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"30 1","pages":"316 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2020.1741487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41549975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-30DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1741486
A. Váradi, Rebecca Raby, C. Tardif-Williams
Abstract Within a neoliberal context, youth pregnancy continues to be socially recognized as an individualized mistake, influencing young mothers by shaping and constraining their actions and lifestyle choices. Utilizing a Foucauldian and poststructural feminist lens, and drawing on interviews with 11 young mothers, this research examines how, where, and why young mothers experience forms of policing. Participants conceptualized “good” motherhood through two qualities—“being there” and “taking care of herself too”—which simultaneously reproduce and resist hegemonic discourses related to normative mothering and neoliberalism. Findings also reveal how real and perceived instances of judgement resulted in young mothers’ policing and/or self-policing.
{"title":"Discourses of Good Motherhood and the Policing of Young Parenthood","authors":"A. Váradi, Rebecca Raby, C. Tardif-Williams","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2020.1741486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2020.1741486","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within a neoliberal context, youth pregnancy continues to be socially recognized as an individualized mistake, influencing young mothers by shaping and constraining their actions and lifestyle choices. Utilizing a Foucauldian and poststructural feminist lens, and drawing on interviews with 11 young mothers, this research examines how, where, and why young mothers experience forms of policing. Participants conceptualized “good” motherhood through two qualities—“being there” and “taking care of herself too”—which simultaneously reproduce and resist hegemonic discourses related to normative mothering and neoliberalism. Findings also reveal how real and perceived instances of judgement resulted in young mothers’ policing and/or self-policing.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"30 1","pages":"374 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2020.1741486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46239658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-23DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1737628
C. Joshua, Kevin Walby, J. Piché
Abstract Drawing from interviews, fieldnotes, and visual data, we examine representations of policewomen and gender communicated in Canadian police museums. We examine four trends from our dataset. First, we found silences regarding the history of women in policing in Canada. Second, there was a fetish-like emphasis on women’s police uniforms. Third, when included policewomen were treated in a tokenistic manner. By contrast, displays focusing on men treated them as policing heroes. We argue the history of policing may be one of white male domination, but this facet of social control should not be further normalized by erasing important elements of the histories of women from police museums. In the discussion, we explain what this analysis adds to literatures on representations of women in museums and on representations of policing.
{"title":"Skirts, Stereotypes, and Silences: Representations of Women in Canadian Police Museums","authors":"C. Joshua, Kevin Walby, J. Piché","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2020.1737628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2020.1737628","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drawing from interviews, fieldnotes, and visual data, we examine representations of policewomen and gender communicated in Canadian police museums. We examine four trends from our dataset. First, we found silences regarding the history of women in policing in Canada. Second, there was a fetish-like emphasis on women’s police uniforms. Third, when included policewomen were treated in a tokenistic manner. By contrast, displays focusing on men treated them as policing heroes. We argue the history of policing may be one of white male domination, but this facet of social control should not be further normalized by erasing important elements of the histories of women from police museums. In the discussion, we explain what this analysis adds to literatures on representations of women in museums and on representations of policing.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"31 1","pages":"391 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2020.1737628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47733346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-23DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1733732
V. Ceccato, P. Näsman, Linda Langefors
Abstract Informed by principles of environmental criminology, this study assesses patterns of sexual victimization among young riders of rail-bound public transportation using a sample of 1,122 university students in Stockholm, Sweden. Exploratory data analysis and logistic regression models underlie the methodology of the study. Findings indicate that the physical and social characteristics of transit environments have an impact on the likelihood of sexual victimization after controlling for individual factors. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
{"title":"Sexual Violence on the Move: An Assessment of Youth’s Victimization in Public Transportation","authors":"V. Ceccato, P. Näsman, Linda Langefors","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2020.1733732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2020.1733732","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Informed by principles of environmental criminology, this study assesses patterns of sexual victimization among young riders of rail-bound public transportation using a sample of 1,122 university students in Stockholm, Sweden. Exploratory data analysis and logistic regression models underlie the methodology of the study. Findings indicate that the physical and social characteristics of transit environments have an impact on the likelihood of sexual victimization after controlling for individual factors. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"31 1","pages":"294 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2020.1733732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42348013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-19DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1741488
P. Plass
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of characteristics of Police Justifiable Homicide (PJH) events with female victims, including a comparison with a sample of male victims of PJH. Cases were identified using the FBI’s Supplemental Homicide Report, and include all-female justifiable homicide victims for a 7-year period (2007–2013), along with a random sample of male victim events in the same period. Additional qualitative information was assembled from newspaper articles related to these cases. In addition to basic demographic characteristics, the following are also examined: the incidence of injury or death of other people (including law enforcement officers) in these events, the type of weapon which was used by the PJH victim, the evidence of mental illness or suicidal behaviors in the victim, and the role of domestic violence in the justifiable homicide event.
{"title":"Female Victims of Police Justifiable Homicide","authors":"P. Plass","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2020.1741488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2020.1741488","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides an analysis of characteristics of Police Justifiable Homicide (PJH) events with female victims, including a comparison with a sample of male victims of PJH. Cases were identified using the FBI’s Supplemental Homicide Report, and include all-female justifiable homicide victims for a 7-year period (2007–2013), along with a random sample of male victim events in the same period. Additional qualitative information was assembled from newspaper articles related to these cases. In addition to basic demographic characteristics, the following are also examined: the incidence of injury or death of other people (including law enforcement officers) in these events, the type of weapon which was used by the PJH victim, the evidence of mental illness or suicidal behaviors in the victim, and the role of domestic violence in the justifiable homicide event.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"31 1","pages":"376 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2020.1741488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43609420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-05DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1734146
Helen H. Yu
Abstract There has been a rise in scholarship targeting women’s experiences in federal law enforcement. Missing, however, are the women of color, as all previous studies capture women as a homogeneous group without regard to race/ethnicity. Using a combined survey dataset from sworn female officers (n = 1,189) employed by two federal law enforcement agencies, this article employs multiracial feminism as a framework to differentiate women’s experiences in the workplace and provides an exploratory analysis of occupational barriers utilizing an intersectional approach to race and gender. Specifically, this study employs an independent-samples t-test to explore the responses between White women and minority women, as well as each minority racial/ethnic group. The findings suggest women of color collectively, as well as individual minority racial/ethnic groups, have varying workplace experiences and perspectives in comparison to White women, especially in response to a perceived glass ceiling to promotions, an inclusive work culture, and experiencing sex discrimination.
{"title":"Multiracial Feminism: An Intersectional Approach to Examining Female Officers’ Occupational Barriers in Federal Law Enforcement","authors":"Helen H. Yu","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2020.1734146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2020.1734146","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There has been a rise in scholarship targeting women’s experiences in federal law enforcement. Missing, however, are the women of color, as all previous studies capture women as a homogeneous group without regard to race/ethnicity. Using a combined survey dataset from sworn female officers (n = 1,189) employed by two federal law enforcement agencies, this article employs multiracial feminism as a framework to differentiate women’s experiences in the workplace and provides an exploratory analysis of occupational barriers utilizing an intersectional approach to race and gender. Specifically, this study employs an independent-samples t-test to explore the responses between White women and minority women, as well as each minority racial/ethnic group. The findings suggest women of color collectively, as well as individual minority racial/ethnic groups, have varying workplace experiences and perspectives in comparison to White women, especially in response to a perceived glass ceiling to promotions, an inclusive work culture, and experiencing sex discrimination.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"31 1","pages":"327 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2020.1734146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41814390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-03DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2019.1582454
Virginia McGovern, F. Fortin
Although anyone, male, female, or nonbinary, can join the Anonymous movement or contribute to its causes, which frequently involve war, efforts to free political prisoners, and terrorism, there is clearly a central group of males who control the means of communication, such as chat rooms or Twitter accounts. Although these cyberactivists have become well known for addressing pressing social justice issues, what is not known is how the female participants in the movement function in a male-dominated cyber world. In this exploratory study, we look at the differences between the activities of male and female Anonymous members on Twitter as a way to discover similarities and differences in gendered activism. Our general objective is to identify the themes and values shared by female participants in the Anonymous movement. Our findings indicate that women focus primarily on animal rights, whereas men’s tweets reflect a broader range of interests. Some possible reasons for women’s attraction to animal activism are examined.
{"title":"The Anonymous Collective: Operations and Gender Differences","authors":"Virginia McGovern, F. Fortin","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2019.1582454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2019.1582454","url":null,"abstract":"Although anyone, male, female, or nonbinary, can join the Anonymous movement or contribute to its causes, which frequently involve war, efforts to free political prisoners, and terrorism, there is clearly a central group of males who control the means of communication, such as chat rooms or Twitter accounts. Although these cyberactivists have become well known for addressing pressing social justice issues, what is not known is how the female participants in the movement function in a male-dominated cyber world. In this exploratory study, we look at the differences between the activities of male and female Anonymous members on Twitter as a way to discover similarities and differences in gendered activism. Our general objective is to identify the themes and values shared by female participants in the Anonymous movement. Our findings indicate that women focus primarily on animal rights, whereas men’s tweets reflect a broader range of interests. Some possible reasons for women’s attraction to animal activism are examined.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":"30 1","pages":"105 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2019.1582454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48814537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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