Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2021.1902458
B. Hamamra
Abstract This article, which employs interviews as its central methodology, examines Palestinian mothers’ reproduction of, opposition to, the Palestinian culture of martyrdom. Palestinian nationalist discourses encourage mothers to produce fighters and to re-produce the religious and national discourses on martyrdom by receiving their sons’ acts of martyrdom with celebration which signifies their adherence to the hegemonic masculine model of bereavement based on emotional restraint and expressing the necessity of martyrdom. Based on this logic, religious and national discourses function as a defensive mechanism that helps mothers to cope with their loss. However, some mothers prefer the well-being of their families over the abstract ideals of heroism and sacrifice, opposing the religious and national discourses that shape the Palestinian collective identity. While the mothers who perpetuate the culture of sacrifice are promoted socially, politically and symbolically, those who express their grief and condemnation of this culture are deemed traitorous and un-Islamic.
{"title":"Palestinian Bereaved Mothers of Martyrs: Religious and National Discourses of Sacrifice and Bereavement","authors":"B. Hamamra","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2021.1902458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2021.1902458","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article, which employs interviews as its central methodology, examines Palestinian mothers’ reproduction of, opposition to, the Palestinian culture of martyrdom. Palestinian nationalist discourses encourage mothers to produce fighters and to re-produce the religious and national discourses on martyrdom by receiving their sons’ acts of martyrdom with celebration which signifies their adherence to the hegemonic masculine model of bereavement based on emotional restraint and expressing the necessity of martyrdom. Based on this logic, religious and national discourses function as a defensive mechanism that helps mothers to cope with their loss. However, some mothers prefer the well-being of their families over the abstract ideals of heroism and sacrifice, opposing the religious and national discourses that shape the Palestinian collective identity. While the mothers who perpetuate the culture of sacrifice are promoted socially, politically and symbolically, those who express their grief and condemnation of this culture are deemed traitorous and un-Islamic.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2021.1902458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46896102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2021.1900992
K. Mueller, Keeyoon Noh, M. T. Carey
Abstract Women face many potential difficulties when under community supervision, and more research that examines their experiences there is needed. This study investigates how women under supervision relate to their supervisors and how these relationships impact their tendencies toward supervisory compliance. Using secondary data, predictors of recidivism are evaluated in 16 Michigan counties using the Dual Role Relationship Inventory–Revised (DRI-R) and its shorter form (DRI-SF), which quantify relationship quality. We found that one of the most important predictors of rule compliance for women under supervision is their relationship with their probation or parole officer. Thus, probation and parole officers should prioritize their personal relationships with their female clients by considering their unique circumstances while striving to cultivate an environment of fairness and mutual respect. This article advances our understanding of how to administer effective community supervision for women.
{"title":"The Impact of Fair Relationships on Rule Compliance for Women under Community Supervision","authors":"K. Mueller, Keeyoon Noh, M. T. Carey","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2021.1900992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2021.1900992","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Women face many potential difficulties when under community supervision, and more research that examines their experiences there is needed. This study investigates how women under supervision relate to their supervisors and how these relationships impact their tendencies toward supervisory compliance. Using secondary data, predictors of recidivism are evaluated in 16 Michigan counties using the Dual Role Relationship Inventory–Revised (DRI-R) and its shorter form (DRI-SF), which quantify relationship quality. We found that one of the most important predictors of rule compliance for women under supervision is their relationship with their probation or parole officer. Thus, probation and parole officers should prioritize their personal relationships with their female clients by considering their unique circumstances while striving to cultivate an environment of fairness and mutual respect. This article advances our understanding of how to administer effective community supervision for women.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2021.1900992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48819050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2021.1900991
Lindsay B. Gezinski, K. Gonzalez-Pons
Abstract Even though the majority of intimate partner violence (IPV) incidents remain unreported and unprosecuted, survivors find themselves navigating the legal system. One hundred and two survivors and service providers participated in semi-structured focus groups or interviews related to their IPV-related court experiences. Data analysis consisted of identifying themes, coding categories, and developing matrices. Themes included: (1) insufficient legal representation, (2) protection order access and enforcement, (3) revictimization in court settings, and (4) disparities in accountability. Participants pointed to a failure to enforce protection orders, mandated child visitation with perpetrators, and lenient sentencing as evidence that the legal system favors perpetrators. Findings indicate the need for IPV education for court personnel, as well as the expansion of public assistance and pro bono legal services.
{"title":"Legal Barriers and Re-Victimization for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence Navigating Courts in Utah, United States","authors":"Lindsay B. Gezinski, K. Gonzalez-Pons","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2021.1900991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2021.1900991","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Even though the majority of intimate partner violence (IPV) incidents remain unreported and unprosecuted, survivors find themselves navigating the legal system. One hundred and two survivors and service providers participated in semi-structured focus groups or interviews related to their IPV-related court experiences. Data analysis consisted of identifying themes, coding categories, and developing matrices. Themes included: (1) insufficient legal representation, (2) protection order access and enforcement, (3) revictimization in court settings, and (4) disparities in accountability. Participants pointed to a failure to enforce protection orders, mandated child visitation with perpetrators, and lenient sentencing as evidence that the legal system favors perpetrators. Findings indicate the need for IPV education for court personnel, as well as the expansion of public assistance and pro bono legal services.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2021.1900991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49121953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-16DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2021.1892565
D. A. Camlibel, S. Can, H. Hendy
Abstract The present study compared predictors of violence as suggested by the importation and deprivation models and the newly utilized threat appraisal and coping models. Participants included 290 female and 472 male inmates in Wisconsin state prisons who completed anonymous surveys to report seven characteristics they import to prison and to report three social stressors experienced during the deprivation and powerlessness of the prison experience. Multiple regression revealed that for both female and male inmates, violence was associated with the imported characteristics of younger age and impulsivity and with in-prison stressors from correctional staff and family. Years of incarceration was a significant predictor of violence only for males. As suggested from past research, the personality pattern of hostility was associated with violence, particularly in male inmates, and internal locus of control was associated with violence, particularly in female inmates.
{"title":"Predictors of Violence Reported by Female and Male Inmates in Wisconsin State Prisons","authors":"D. A. Camlibel, S. Can, H. Hendy","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2021.1892565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2021.1892565","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study compared predictors of violence as suggested by the importation and deprivation models and the newly utilized threat appraisal and coping models. Participants included 290 female and 472 male inmates in Wisconsin state prisons who completed anonymous surveys to report seven characteristics they import to prison and to report three social stressors experienced during the deprivation and powerlessness of the prison experience. Multiple regression revealed that for both female and male inmates, violence was associated with the imported characteristics of younger age and impulsivity and with in-prison stressors from correctional staff and family. Years of incarceration was a significant predictor of violence only for males. As suggested from past research, the personality pattern of hostility was associated with violence, particularly in male inmates, and internal locus of control was associated with violence, particularly in female inmates.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2021.1892565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43084412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2021.1885568
M. Usacheva, C. Smalley, Nancy Hafer, Susan L. Brooks
Abstract Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) involves sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, leading to traumatization. Interventions show promise in preventing revictimization and facilitating the integration of victims into communities. This study describes the development and pilot implementation of Ending the Game® (ETG), a psychoeducational curriculum for victims of CSE. The program follows a peer-support model and is open to youth and adult victims. The study aimed to assess program engagement, curriculum acceptability, and potential for effectiveness. Findings indicated the rate of attrition comparable to other group curricula and low rate of non-response, particularly on Likert-scale and dichotomous items. Curriculum acceptability was high in terms of content, facilitators, and group environment. The t-test comparisons showed positive trends in improvement of regulatory capacity, relational capacity, sense of self, and future orientation. Taken together, findings demonstrate the utility of ETG in supporting youth and adult victims of CSE, pending modifications to align curriculum with evidence-based practices.
{"title":"Ending the Game ® : A New Psychoeducational Curriculum for Victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation","authors":"M. Usacheva, C. Smalley, Nancy Hafer, Susan L. Brooks","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2021.1885568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2021.1885568","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) involves sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, leading to traumatization. Interventions show promise in preventing revictimization and facilitating the integration of victims into communities. This study describes the development and pilot implementation of Ending the Game® (ETG), a psychoeducational curriculum for victims of CSE. The program follows a peer-support model and is open to youth and adult victims. The study aimed to assess program engagement, curriculum acceptability, and potential for effectiveness. Findings indicated the rate of attrition comparable to other group curricula and low rate of non-response, particularly on Likert-scale and dichotomous items. Curriculum acceptability was high in terms of content, facilitators, and group environment. The t-test comparisons showed positive trends in improvement of regulatory capacity, relational capacity, sense of self, and future orientation. Taken together, findings demonstrate the utility of ETG in supporting youth and adult victims of CSE, pending modifications to align curriculum with evidence-based practices.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2021.1885568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44012492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-26DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2021.1885569
Mansi Patel, Amanda Ryan, Sarah Herrera
Abstract Although incarceration of women in the United States is at a historic high, the understanding of women’s experiences in prison and how this time affects their lives after prison is very limited. Qualitative studies of this population are crucial for practice and research and as more qualitative research is conducted; the challenge will be to develop ways to synthesize the findings for policy application. The purpose of this qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis was to understand how women experience friendship in a carceral setting and the implications of these relationships. The synthesis revealed one overarching theme: belonging/acceptance and five subthemes: similar life experiences enrich a friendship, low self-esteem can affect the ability to form friendships in justice involved women, it is hard for justice involved women to trust people, justice involved women have anxiety surround reintegration that friendships can help mitigate, and friendships are an effective means to cope with incarceration.
{"title":"Exploring Friendship Experiences among Incarcerated and Formerly Incarcerated Women: A Qualitative Interpretative Meta-Synthesis","authors":"Mansi Patel, Amanda Ryan, Sarah Herrera","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2021.1885569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2021.1885569","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although incarceration of women in the United States is at a historic high, the understanding of women’s experiences in prison and how this time affects their lives after prison is very limited. Qualitative studies of this population are crucial for practice and research and as more qualitative research is conducted; the challenge will be to develop ways to synthesize the findings for policy application. The purpose of this qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis was to understand how women experience friendship in a carceral setting and the implications of these relationships. The synthesis revealed one overarching theme: belonging/acceptance and five subthemes: similar life experiences enrich a friendship, low self-esteem can affect the ability to form friendships in justice involved women, it is hard for justice involved women to trust people, justice involved women have anxiety surround reintegration that friendships can help mitigate, and friendships are an effective means to cope with incarceration.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2021.1885569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49353568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1871161
Justin J. Joseph, David A. Rembert
Abstract Recent investigations show that adolescent female criminality and gang membership is increasing nationwide. Although empirical investigation into the relationship between psychopathy and gang membership is burgeoning, all of the studies are male focused. The present study investigates juvenile psychopathy’s relationship with youth gang membership across males and females in order to better comprehend the etiology of gang membership across sex using the baseline sample of the Pathways to Desistance Study. The findings suggest that juvenile psychopathy predicts gang membership equally for both boys and girls. The study highlights the importance of investigating juvenile psychopathy in youth gang membership across sex and the implementation of intensive multilevel treatment programs tailored to the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral needs of gang members.
{"title":"Exploring Psychopathy’s Relationship with Youth Gang Membership in Males and Females","authors":"Justin J. Joseph, David A. Rembert","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2020.1871161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2020.1871161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent investigations show that adolescent female criminality and gang membership is increasing nationwide. Although empirical investigation into the relationship between psychopathy and gang membership is burgeoning, all of the studies are male focused. The present study investigates juvenile psychopathy’s relationship with youth gang membership across males and females in order to better comprehend the etiology of gang membership across sex using the baseline sample of the Pathways to Desistance Study. The findings suggest that juvenile psychopathy predicts gang membership equally for both boys and girls. The study highlights the importance of investigating juvenile psychopathy in youth gang membership across sex and the implementation of intensive multilevel treatment programs tailored to the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral needs of gang members.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2020.1871161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45022588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-04DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2021.1875107
N. Torres, Carolina Villacampa
Abstract The article presents results of a qualitative research aimed at analyzing how professionals work to support and protect victims of forced marriage in Spain. The study is based on the information gathered from professionals involved in criminal justice and in victim support with whom in-depth interviews were conducted. Given the increasingly common opinion favorable to address forced marriage from a victim-centred and intersectional perspective, away from those that focus on criminalization and cultural “otherness’, the research presents the landscape of provisions aimed at preventing and supporting victims of forced marriage in this country. Additionally, the article gives an overview on how professionals adjust scarce resources and unclear paths to earlier detect and to better support victims of this complex phenomenon.
{"title":"Intervention with Victims of Forced Marriage","authors":"N. Torres, Carolina Villacampa","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2021.1875107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2021.1875107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents results of a qualitative research aimed at analyzing how professionals work to support and protect victims of forced marriage in Spain. The study is based on the information gathered from professionals involved in criminal justice and in victim support with whom in-depth interviews were conducted. Given the increasingly common opinion favorable to address forced marriage from a victim-centred and intersectional perspective, away from those that focus on criminalization and cultural “otherness’, the research presents the landscape of provisions aimed at preventing and supporting victims of forced marriage in this country. Additionally, the article gives an overview on how professionals adjust scarce resources and unclear paths to earlier detect and to better support victims of this complex phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2021.1875107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47438436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-02DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1871162
Brittnee Carter, B. Rogers, Amilee Turner
Abstract Women’s roles in political violence and terrorism have largely been examined through the agent/victim dichotomy. We suggest that women’s social inequality contributes to both roles of women as victims and as perpetrators of terrorist violence, with both roles ultimately contributing to increases in supplies of domestic terrorism. Particularly, women’s social inequality contributes to terrorism in three ways: it normalizes violence in society, makes women susceptible to coercion from terrorist groups, and results in grievances in the female population that may mobilize them to violence. An in-depth case study of women in Somalia and the quantitative results both suggest that women’s political, economic, and social inequality are associated with higher levels of domestic terrorism. The results show that the impact of women’s social equality through balanced social exchanges in society subsumes the impact of vertical equality measures such as political and economic equality.
{"title":"Gender Inequality and State Security: The Effects of Women’s Social Equality on Domestic Terrorism","authors":"Brittnee Carter, B. Rogers, Amilee Turner","doi":"10.1080/08974454.2020.1871162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2020.1871162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Women’s roles in political violence and terrorism have largely been examined through the agent/victim dichotomy. We suggest that women’s social inequality contributes to both roles of women as victims and as perpetrators of terrorist violence, with both roles ultimately contributing to increases in supplies of domestic terrorism. Particularly, women’s social inequality contributes to terrorism in three ways: it normalizes violence in society, makes women susceptible to coercion from terrorist groups, and results in grievances in the female population that may mobilize them to violence. An in-depth case study of women in Somalia and the quantitative results both suggest that women’s political, economic, and social inequality are associated with higher levels of domestic terrorism. The results show that the impact of women’s social equality through balanced social exchanges in society subsumes the impact of vertical equality measures such as political and economic equality.","PeriodicalId":51745,"journal":{"name":"Women & Criminal Justice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08974454.2020.1871162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43923052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：