Women & Criminal Justice最新文献

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Maintaining Connections: An Exploratory Analysis of the Predictors of Prison Visitation with Children and the Post-Release Plans of Incarcerated Mothers 保持联系：对儿童监狱探访的预测因素和被监禁母亲获释后计划的探索性分析

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2021-01-11 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1871158

Wesley T. Smith, Ashley G. Blackburn, Judith A. Harris, Janet L. Mullings

Abstract Parental incarceration has been found to negatively impact families and communities. This study examined characteristics that impact receiving in-person visits among a sample of incarcerated mothers of minor children in a large Southern prison system. Factors impacting post release plans to live with children were also examined. Contact with their children, race/ethnicity, offense type, previous incarceration, and sentence length predicted whether incarcerated mothers received in-person visits from their children. Receiving visits from their children, race/ethnicity, having custody prior to arrest, and offense type predicted whether incarcerated mothers planned to live with their children after release from prison. Implications for policy and future research are presented.

摘要父母监禁已被发现对家庭和社区产生负面影响。这项研究调查了南部一个大型监狱系统中未成年子女的被监禁母亲样本中影响接受当面探访的特征。还研究了影响释放后与儿童一起生活计划的因素。与孩子的接触、种族/民族、犯罪类型、以前的监禁和刑期可以预测被监禁的母亲是否会接受孩子的亲自探访。接受孩子的探视、种族/民族、被捕前有监护权以及犯罪类型可以预测被监禁的母亲是否计划在出狱后与孩子一起生活。提出了对政策和未来研究的启示。

引用次数: 1

"Some are good, some are bad": Perceptions of the Police from Black and Latina Women Living in the San Francisco Bay Area. "有些是好人，有些是坏人"：生活在旧金山湾区的黑人和拉丁裔女性对警察的看法。

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1741489

Ida Wilson, Tamar M J Antin, Geoffrey Hunt

引用次数: 0

Does Having a Minor Child Affect Criminal Charges and Sanctions Imposed on Female Defendants? 未成年子女会影响对女性被告的刑事指控和处罚吗?

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2019.1688222

Frank A Sloan, Elizabeth J Gifford, Kelly E Evans, Lindsey M Eldred

This study examined effects of having a minor child(ren) on the probability of being prosecuted, convicted, and if convicted, the sanctions that were imposed. Data were state-wide court and birth records of criminally-charged women in North Carolina, a state with sentencing guidelines. We hypothesized that (a) prosecutors would be less likely to prosecute and more likely to lower an offense class and (b) judges (when they had discretion) would be more lenient for women in sentencing with minor children than without. Having a minor child(ren) reduced the probability of prosecution; given prosecution, conviction rates fell. When the judge had discretion, having minor children reduced the probability of an active sentence. Having a minor child had no effect on minimum sentence length for women with active sentences. Presence of a minor child affects prosecutorial and judicial decisions affecting women charged with a criminal offense.

这项研究调查了有未成年子女(ren)对被起诉、定罪的概率的影响，以及如果被定罪，所施加的制裁。数据来自北卡罗来纳州的法院和犯罪妇女的出生记录，该州有量刑指南。我们假设:(a)检察官不太可能起诉，更有可能降低犯罪等级;(b)法官(当他们有自由裁量权时)对有未成年子女的妇女的量刑会比没有未成年子女的妇女更宽容。有未成年子女降低了被起诉的可能性;考虑到起诉，定罪率下降了。当法官有自由裁量权时，有未成年子女会降低判积极徒刑的可能性。对于使用主动句的女性来说，有未成年子女对最小刑期没有影响。未成年子女的存在影响到对被指控犯有刑事罪的妇女的起诉和司法决定。

引用次数: 0

Seeing Gender in Policing: Uniforms and Perceived Aggression 看到警察中的性别:制服和感知侵略

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1842290

Rylan Simpson, A. Croft

Abstract Policing has historically been conceptualized as a masculine and male-dominated profession. As part of the present research, we test two competing hypotheses about the effects of officer gender on citizens’ (N = 251) perceptions of officer aggression. Our results reveal that women are perceived as less aggressive than men when wearing civilian clothes, but similarly aggressive as men when wearing their police uniform. By experimentally testing the salience of policing versus gender cues on judgments of officers, we provide insight into the gendered dynamics of policing and complement existing research in the fields of criminology and psychology.

摘要警务在历史上一直被认为是一种男性主导的职业。作为本研究的一部分，我们检验了关于官员性别对公民（N = 251）对军官侵略性的认知。我们的研究结果表明，女性在穿便服时被认为不如男性具有攻击性，但在穿警服时与男性具有同样的攻击性。通过实验测试警务与性别线索对警察判断的显著性，我们深入了解了警务的性别动态，并补充了犯罪学和心理学领域的现有研究。

引用次数: 6

Intimate Partner Violence against Women in the EU: A Multilevel Analysis of the Contextual and Individual Impact on Public Perceptions 欧盟亲密伴侣对妇女的暴力行为:对公众看法的背景和个人影响的多层次分析

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1835792

Matilda Karlsson, Maria Wemrell, J. Merlo, A. Ivert

Abstract Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) poses severe threats to women’s health and rights. This study investigates the role of country context and gender equality in shaping individual perceptions of the severity of IPVAW. Multilevel logistic regression analyses of a Eurobarometer survey on attitudes toward IPVAW from 27 EU states showed that male gender, young age, low education, low self-assessed social position and particularly perceiving IPVAW as uncommon were associated with perceiving IPVAW as less severe. The likelihood of perceiving IPVAW as less severe was higher in countries with low gender equality. Between-country variance accounted for 14% of the variability, while country-level gender equality accounted for 22% of the between-country variance. We conclude that efforts toward strengthening perceptions of IPVAW as a severe issue should focus on awareness-raising and on increasing country-level gender equality.

摘要亲密伴侣对妇女的暴力行为对妇女的健康和权利构成严重威胁。本研究调查了国家背景和性别平等在形成个人对IPVAW严重性的看法方面的作用。对27个欧盟国家对IPVAW态度的欧洲晴雨表调查进行的多层次逻辑回归分析显示，男性、年轻、低教育程度、低自我评估的社会地位，尤其是认为IPVAW不常见，与认为IPVAV不那么严重有关。在性别平等程度较低的国家，认为IPVAW不那么严重的可能性更高。国家间差异占变异性的14%，而国家一级的性别平等占国家间差异的22%。我们的结论是，加强对IPVAW这一严重问题的认识的努力应侧重于提高认识和加强国家一级的性别平等。

引用次数: 5

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Gender Responsive Programing in Kenya: The Time is Ripe 文章撤回:肯尼亚的性别促进方案:时机成熟

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2020-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1837334

Jacinta Mary Ondeng, Merecia A. M. Sirera, B. Kathungu

Globally, gender responsive programing has become a concern for researchers. Such programs address issues that may hinder offenders’ reentry. The study sought to determine effectiveness of rehabili...

在全球范围内，促进性别平等的计划已经成为研究人员关注的问题。这些项目解决了可能阻碍罪犯重返社会的问题。该研究试图确定康复的有效性。。。

引用次数: 0

Getting to Know Women Convicted of Human Trafficking in Spain: Personal Profiles and Involvement in Crime 了解在西班牙被判贩卖人口的妇女:个人资料和参与犯罪

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2020-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1835791

Silvia Rodríguez-López

Abstract This paper contributes to existing global knowledge on female traffickers by providing data about 43 women punished for human trafficking in Spain between 2015 and 2018. Several factors related to the women’s profiles, methods and roles performed in the criminal enterprise are analyzed, based on information obtained from 39 court judgments. The results highlight the similarity between victims’ and perpetrators’ personal circumstances, and show that women’s involvement in trafficking can vary substantially, illustrating the complex dynamics behind this crime. Overall, the paper underlines the need to develop gender-appropriate policies to prevent human trafficking and guarantee proportionality in criminal justice responses.

本文通过提供2015年至2018年西班牙43名因贩运人口而受到惩罚的妇女的数据，为现有的全球女性贩运者知识提供帮助。根据从39项法院判决中获得的资料，分析了与妇女的形象、方法和在犯罪企业中发挥的作用有关的几个因素。研究结果强调了受害者和肇事者个人情况之间的相似性，并表明妇女参与人口贩运可能存在很大差异，说明了这种犯罪背后的复杂动态。总体而言，该文件强调需要制定适合性别的政策，以防止人口贩运并保证刑事司法对策的相称性。

引用次数: 3

Exploring How Gender and Sex Are Measured in Criminology and Victimology: Are we Measuring What we Say we Are Measuring? 探索在犯罪学和受害者学中如何衡量性别和性：我们在衡量我们所说的我们在衡量什么吗？

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2020-10-17 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1826388

Courtney A. Crittenden, H. Gateley, C. Policastro, Karen M. McGuffee

Abstract Throughout the years, there have been sustained and increasing calls for criminology to become more inclusive in its research and measurements with the purpose of improving our knowledge of crime and victimization. The current study examined articles published in the past five years in a mainstream criminological journal and a well-respected victimization journal to explore the inclusion and operationalization of gender and sex. Findings indicate that measures of gender and sex were included more in the diversity-focused victimization journal compared to the mainstream criminological journal. In both journals, however, conceptualizations and operationalizations of these constructs rarely fell outside of a binary measure, which suggests the measurement and inclusion of gender are still lacking, and oftentimes when we say we are measuring gender we are actually still measuring sex.

摘要多年来，不断有人呼吁犯罪学在研究和测量中更加包容，以提高我们对犯罪和受害的认识。目前的研究审查了过去五年在主流犯罪学杂志和备受尊敬的受害杂志上发表的文章，以探讨性别和性的包容性和可操作性。调查结果表明，与主流犯罪学杂志相比，以多样性为重点的受害杂志更多地收录了性别和性别指标。然而，在这两本杂志中，这些概念的概念化和操作化很少超出二元衡量标准，这表明性别的衡量和包容仍然缺乏，而且当我们说我们在衡量性别时，我们实际上仍然在衡量性别。

引用次数: 4

Gender-Responsive Programing in Kenya: Time is Ripe 肯尼亚性别促进方案:时机成熟

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2020-09-29 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1822147

Jacinta Mary Ondeng, Merecia A. M. Sirera, B. Kathungu

Abstract Globally, gender responsive programing has become a concern for researchers and practitioners alike. Such programs address issues that may hinder offenders’ reentry. This study sought to determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs that address the psychological needs of women prisoners in Kenya. The relational theory of women’s psychological development and the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model were used to analyze inmate programs in Kenya’s 17 women’s prisons. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 350 participants within the prisons to ask about the programs offered. We found that there is a lack of gender responsive programming in Kenya’s women’s prison; and, the rehabilitation programs that are offered within the Kenyan prison system are not effectively addressing women offenders’ unique psychological needs which contributed to their criminal behaviors.

摘要在全球范围内，促进性别平等的计划已经成为研究人员和从业者关注的问题。这些项目解决了可能阻碍罪犯重返社会的问题。这项研究旨在确定满足肯尼亚女性囚犯心理需求的康复计划的有效性。采用女性心理发展的关系理论和风险需求反应（RNR）模型对肯尼亚17所女子监狱的囚犯计划进行了分析。采用有目的和简单的随机抽样技术，在监狱中选择350名参与者，询问所提供的项目。我们发现，肯尼亚女子监狱缺乏促进性别平等的方案；而且，肯尼亚监狱系统内提供的康复计划并没有有效地解决女性罪犯的独特心理需求，而这些心理需求正是导致她们犯罪行为的原因。

引用次数: 2

A National Survey of Probation Staff of the Needs, Services and Barriers of Female Youth in Juvenile Justice Settings 青少年司法机构中女性青少年的需求、服务和障碍的全国缓刑工作人员调查

IF 1 4区社会学 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Women & Criminal Justice

Pub Date : 2020-09-17 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2020.1813236

D. Parrish, R. Thompson, N. Negi, Luz Alquicira

Abstract Despite a growing awareness and documentation of the growing proportion of justice-involved girls and their unique needs over the last three decades, federal efforts to disseminate gender-responsive priorities have largely been unsuccessful. The purpose of this national, cross-sectional survey of juvenile justice staff was to describe the current implementation of gender-responsive programming, the degree to which it is empirically supported, the needs of justice involved girls, and the training needs of juvenile justice staff for working with this population. Two-hundred juvenile justice staff from the American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) responded to this 24-item online survey across 28 U.S. states. The large majority (97%) agreed girls have unique needs, while 94% thought they needed gender-responsive programming. Seventy-percent of respondents endorsed local gender-responsive programming, although most services were offered post-adjudication, and few were empirically supported. Probation staff identified multiple training and programmatic needs to support their work with justice-involved girls.

摘要尽管在过去三十年中，人们越来越认识到并记录到参与司法的女孩比例越来越高及其独特需求，但联邦政府宣传促进性别平等优先事项的努力基本上没有成功。这项针对少年司法工作人员的全国性横断面调查的目的是描述目前促进性别平等方案的实施情况、经验支持的程度、参与司法的女孩的需求，以及少年司法人员与这一人群合作的培训需求。来自美国缓刑和假释协会（APPA）的200名青少年司法工作人员对这项针对28名青少年的24项在线调查做出了回应美国各州。绝大多数人（97%）同意女孩有独特的需求，而94%的人认为她们需要促进性别平等的方案。70%的受访者支持当地促进性别平等的方案，尽管大多数服务是在裁决后提供的，很少有人得到经验支持。缓刑工作人员确定了多种培训和方案需求，以支持他们与涉及司法的女孩合作。

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引用次数: 1

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