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New Gnadenhutten, Moravian Missionaries, and Ojibwe Land Tenure on the Clinton River, 1781–1787 新Gnadenhutten、摩拉维亚传教士和克林顿河上的Ojibwe土地保有权,1781–1787
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117246
Jonathan Quint
This article reveals how Lake St. Clair Ojibwe communities limited newcomer encroachment and maintained territorial sovereignty by strategically absorbing and then expelling a community of Moravian missionaries and Christian Lenape. In 1782 the Ojibwe allowed Moravians to settle in a liminal Ojibwe hunting territory on the Clinton River. Over five years the settlement expanded, with conflict and cooperation defining Moravian engagement with Ojibwe land tenure and interactions with surrounding communities. Through oratory and formal and informal social practices like verbal warnings, threats, and intimidation, the Ojibwe mediated disputes, regulated Moravian use of land and resources, and attempted to curtail environmental destruction. This article reveals how the Moravian community encountered and experienced Ojibwe land tenure practices, the consequences of transgressing Ojibwe law, and how Ojibwe communities resisted encroachment on traditional lands and territories.
本文揭示了圣克莱尔湖Ojibwe社区如何通过战略性地吸收和驱逐摩拉维亚传教士和基督徒Lenape社区来限制新来者的入侵,并维护领土主权。1782年,奥吉布人允许摩拉维亚人在克林顿河上的奥吉布人狩猎区定居。五年多来,定居点不断扩大,冲突与合作界定了摩拉维亚人与奥吉布族土地保有权的接触,以及与周边社区的互动。通过演讲和正式和非正式的社会实践,如口头警告、威胁和恐吓,Ojibwe调解纠纷,规范摩拉维亚人对土地和资源的使用,并试图减少对环境的破坏。本文揭示了摩拉维亚社区如何遭遇和经历奥吉布族的土地保有制度,违反奥吉布族法律的后果,以及奥吉布族社区如何抵制对传统土地和领土的侵占。
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引用次数: 0
Hungry Listening: Resonant Theory for Indigenous Sound Studies 饥饿倾听:本土声音研究的共振理论
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117336
Sarah Quick
S P R I N G & F A L L 2 0 2 0 W I C A Z O S A R E V I E W Hungry Listening is a disciplinary reckoning. The book argues that settlers listen to Indigenous music and sounds through settler colonial musical logics. This book has two primary audiences: Indigenous and nonIndigenous. Some of the moments directed to Indigenous readers are open to nonIndigenous readers like myself to witness and learn. Others contain unexplained knowledge or exist in spaces where I am not invited. Robinson also directly asks nonIndigenous readers to name and reject settler logics of listening, composing, performing, and writing. Robinson hopes for transformative intersectional work between Indigenous and nonIndigenous scholars. He models this intersectional work in Hungry Listening by drawing on multiple disciplines and speaking to multiple positionalities. The book title is a concept developed by Robinson, which he explains in the introduction. It is an English translation of two Halq’eméylem words: (1) shxwelítemelh (“the adjective for settler or white person’s methods/things” [p. 2]), which is based on the word Stó:l ̄ o people (xwélmexw) used for starving White settlers in the midnineteenthcentury gold rush; and (2) xwélalà:m (listening). Robinson also provides an overview of his critique of “inclusionary music” and “inclusionary performance” as musical contexts in which Indigenous content is mined for aesthetic interest and “fit”— or assimilated— into Hungry Listening: Resonant Theory for Indigenous Sound Studies by Dylan Robinson University of Minnesota Press, 2020
你的听力是一种纪律的清算。你的听力是一种纪律的清算。这本书认为,定居者通过定居者的殖民音乐逻辑来聆听土著音乐和声音。这本书有两个主要的读者:土著和非土著。一些针对土著读者的时刻也对像我这样的非土著读者开放,可以见证和学习。还有一些包含无法解释的知识,或者存在于我不被邀请的地方。罗宾逊还直接要求非土著读者说出并拒绝定居者关于听、作曲、表演和写作的逻辑。罗宾逊希望在土著和非土著学者之间进行变革性的交叉研究。他在《饥饿的倾听》中模仿了这种交叉的工作,利用了多个学科和多个立场。书名是罗宾逊提出的一个概念,他在前言中对此进行了解释。它是两个Halq ' emsamylem单词的英文翻译:(1)shxwelítemelh(“定居者或白人的方法/事物的形容词”[p. 1]。[2]),它基于Stó这个词:l ā o people (xw录影带),用于19世纪中期淘金热中饥饿的白人定居者;(2) xw lalacom:m(听)。罗宾逊还概述了他对“包容性音乐”和“包容性表演”的批评,将其作为音乐背景,在这些音乐背景中,土著内容被挖掘用于审美兴趣,并“适合”或同化于明尼苏达大学迪伦·罗宾逊出版社2020年出版的《饥饿倾听:土著声音研究的共振理论》
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引用次数: 1
A Bounded Land: Reflections on Settler Colonialism in Canada 一望无际的土地:对加拿大移民殖民主义的思考
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117318
Brian Gettler
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引用次数: 1
Doodem and Council Fire: Anishinaabe Governance through Alliance Doodem和Council Fire:联盟治理
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117354
I. Tonat
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引用次数: 3
Shamans in the Colonial Frontier Zone: Spirit Mastery in Eighteenth-Century Coastal Ecuador 殖民地边疆地区的萨满:18世纪厄瓜多尔沿海地区的精神掌握
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117264
Rachel Corr
The aim of this article is to advance our knowledge of past shamanic practices in northwestern South America through an analysis of colonial-era criminal cases of people accused of using “superstitious” healing practices. A reading of three cases from late eighteenth-century Ecuador (the colonial Audiencia of Quito) reveals details of the techniques that these healers were using. Shamans attempted to control spirits through various means, including battles, esoteric chants, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, stones, and the fangs of predatory animals. The records indicate that on Ecuador’s coast, healers practiced a type of frontier-zone shamanism in which people of different ethnoracial and cultural backgrounds engaged in shamanic practices. The research expands existing studies of the historical exchanges of shamanic knowledge, practices, and sacred objects in colonial and modern frontier zones by contributing with a regional focus on the Pacific coast of Ecuador.
本文的目的是通过分析殖民时代被指控使用“迷信”治疗方法的人的刑事案件,提高我们对南美洲西北部过去萨满教做法的了解。对18世纪晚期厄瓜多尔(基多殖民地Audiencia)的三个案例的解读揭示了这些治疗师使用的技术的细节。萨满试图通过各种手段控制灵魂,包括战斗、深奥的圣歌,以及使用烟草、酒精、石头和食肉动物的尖牙。记录表明,在厄瓜多尔海岸,治疗师们信奉一种边境地带的萨满教,不同种族和文化背景的人从事萨满教实践。该研究以厄瓜多尔太平洋海岸为区域重点,扩展了殖民地和现代边境地区萨满教知识、实践和圣物历史交流的现有研究。
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引用次数: 0
“In Place of Horses”: Indigenous Burdeners and the Politics of the Early American South “代替马匹”:早期美国南方的土著负担者和政治
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117228
Brad Dixon
Across the early Americas, goods traveled long-distance on the backs of Indigenous porters. Related to issues of rank, status, and gender, “burdening” proved especially contentious in the North American Southeast, where Natives increasingly viewed long-distance cargo-carrying as a dangerous and degrading occupation that implied subservience to European colonizers. Indigenous cargo-carrying persisted in Spanish Florida and English Carolina, despite regulation and periodic efforts to improve transportation, taking a heavy toll from Native peoples. Eventually, technological changes reduced but did not eliminate burdening from colonial logistics—but only after Natives exerted immense political pressure through flight, war, and threats of trade embargoes.
在早期的美洲,货物在土著搬运工的背上长途运输。与等级、地位和性别相关的“负担”在北美东南部被证明是特别有争议的,那里的当地人越来越认为长途货物运输是一种危险和有辱人格的职业,意味着对欧洲殖民者的屈从。在西班牙佛罗里达和英国卡罗来纳,尽管有法规和定期改善交通的努力,土著货物运输仍在继续,给土著人民造成了沉重的损失。最终,技术变革减少了殖民地的物流负担,但并没有消除,但这是在当地人通过逃亡、战争和贸易禁运威胁施加巨大政治压力之后才发生的。
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引用次数: 0
Coming Home to Nez Perce Country: The Niimiipuu Campaign to Repatriate Their Exploited Heritage 回到内兹珀斯国家:Niimiipuu归还被剥削遗产的运动
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117372
Wendy A. Wegner
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引用次数: 0
Formal and Informal Alliances between Iberians and Natives in the Heart of Late Eighteenth-Century South America 18世纪末南美洲中心伊比利亚人与原住民之间的正式和非正式联盟
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117282
Francismar Alex Lopes de Carvalho
For decades, historiography on the Iberian empires has suggested that peace treaties between Europeans and autonomous Native groups incorporated both Indigenous “nations,” understood as cohesive units, and Native lands into the monarchy. Drawing on extensive archival evidence and recent borderlands scholarship, this article suggests that written agreements had a limited impact on interethnic frontier relations. First, because informal relations shaped by Indigenous patterns of diplomacy were far more important to the success of alliances. Second, because alliances were often made with autonomous tolderías, not with homogeneous “nations.” And third, because Natives by no means identified their ethnic territories with Crown possessions, but continued to independently exploit Iberian rivalries in order to achieve more favorable conditions for themselves. This article focuses on the frontier between the Spanish province of Paraguay and the Portuguese captaincy of Mato Grosso.
几十年来,关于伊比利亚帝国的史学研究表明,欧洲人和自治的土著群体之间的和平条约将土著“国家”(被理解为有凝聚力的单位)和土著土地纳入了君主制。根据大量的档案证据和最近的边境地区研究,本文认为书面协议对种族间边境关系的影响有限。首先,因为由土著外交模式形成的非正式关系对联盟的成功要重要得多。第二,因为联盟通常是与自治的托利亚人建立的,而不是与同质的“国家”建立的。第三,因为土著人绝不将自己的民族领土与王室财产联系在一起,而是继续独立利用伊比利亚的竞争,为自己创造更有利的条件。这篇文章的重点是西班牙巴拉圭省和葡萄牙马托格罗索省之间的边界。
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引用次数: 0
Style and Rebus in an Emergent Script from Bolivia: The Koati Variant of Andean Pictographic Writing 玻利维亚一种突现文字的风格和纹路:安第斯象形文字的Koati变体
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117300
S. Hyland
Andean pictographic writing, once considered the creation of foreign missionaries, is now recognized as a series of locally developed scripts that emerged after contact with alphabetic writing. However, the role of stylistic variation within the Andean pictographic scripts is little understood, nor has the rebus-based glottography of the system’s phonetic signs been fully studied. This article examines the Koati variant of Andean pictographic script from Bolivia’s Island of the Moon, based in part on a newly found pictographic manuscript preserved on animal hides in Harvard University’s Peabody Museum. It analyzes how script styles in the Titicaca area correspond to regional groups and explores the nature of rebus signs in the Koati variant, identifying the principles underlying successful homonymic equivalences. Many of the characters in Andean pictographic writing appear to draw from a repository of Indigenous visual signs that predate the Spanish invasion; research into the emergent pictorial scripts of Peru and Bolivia may provide insights into the meaning of visual signs in other forms of Andean inscription, such as ceramics and khipus.
安第斯象形文字,曾经被认为是外国传教士创造的,现在被认为是在接触字母文字后出现的一系列当地发展的文字。然而,人们对安第斯象形文字中文体变异的作用知之甚少,也没有对该系统音标的基于rebs的声门记进行充分研究。本文研究了玻利维亚月球岛安第斯象形文字的Koati变体,部分基于哈佛大学皮博迪博物馆保存在兽皮上的一份新发现的象形文字手稿。它分析了喀喀地区的文字风格如何与地区群体相对应,并探讨了Koati变体中rebus符号的性质,确定了成功的同音异义对等的原则。安第斯象形文字中的许多字符似乎来自西班牙入侵之前的土著视觉符号库;对秘鲁和玻利维亚出现的象形文字的研究可以深入了解安第斯铭文其他形式(如陶瓷和基普斯)中视觉符号的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Obstacles to Native Education in Late Colonial Peru 殖民后期秘鲁本土教育的障碍
IF 0.4 3区 历史学 Q4 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9881251
S. Ramírez
This article focuses on educational initiatives, the negotiations and resistance these efforts generated, and the barriers to these efforts during late colonial times. After a brief overview of formal and informal instruction, two examples of efforts to establish schools, especially for Native boys and girls, are outlined before an analysis of the obstacles organizers faced in founding them. Efforts were uneven. The superficial enthusiasm of some was tempered by the resistance of others. Contemporary manuscript texts in the archives of Spain, provincial capitals of Peru, and Lima highlight attitudes toward education in the 1780s and again closer to the eve of independence.
这篇文章的重点是教育的倡议,这些努力产生的谈判和阻力,以及这些努力在殖民时代后期的障碍。在对正式和非正式教学进行简要概述之后,在分析组织者在建立学校时面临的障碍之前,概述了两个努力建立学校,特别是为土著男孩和女孩建立学校的例子。各方的努力参差不齐。一些人表面上的热情被另一些人的抵制冲淡了。西班牙、秘鲁省会城市和利马的档案中的当代手稿文本突出了18世纪80年代以及更接近独立前夕的教育态度。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Ethnohistory
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