Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117246
Jonathan Quint
This article reveals how Lake St. Clair Ojibwe communities limited newcomer encroachment and maintained territorial sovereignty by strategically absorbing and then expelling a community of Moravian missionaries and Christian Lenape. In 1782 the Ojibwe allowed Moravians to settle in a liminal Ojibwe hunting territory on the Clinton River. Over five years the settlement expanded, with conflict and cooperation defining Moravian engagement with Ojibwe land tenure and interactions with surrounding communities. Through oratory and formal and informal social practices like verbal warnings, threats, and intimidation, the Ojibwe mediated disputes, regulated Moravian use of land and resources, and attempted to curtail environmental destruction. This article reveals how the Moravian community encountered and experienced Ojibwe land tenure practices, the consequences of transgressing Ojibwe law, and how Ojibwe communities resisted encroachment on traditional lands and territories.
{"title":"New Gnadenhutten, Moravian Missionaries, and Ojibwe Land Tenure on the Clinton River, 1781–1787","authors":"Jonathan Quint","doi":"10.1215/00141801-10117246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-10117246","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article reveals how Lake St. Clair Ojibwe communities limited newcomer encroachment and maintained territorial sovereignty by strategically absorbing and then expelling a community of Moravian missionaries and Christian Lenape. In 1782 the Ojibwe allowed Moravians to settle in a liminal Ojibwe hunting territory on the Clinton River. Over five years the settlement expanded, with conflict and cooperation defining Moravian engagement with Ojibwe land tenure and interactions with surrounding communities. Through oratory and formal and informal social practices like verbal warnings, threats, and intimidation, the Ojibwe mediated disputes, regulated Moravian use of land and resources, and attempted to curtail environmental destruction. This article reveals how the Moravian community encountered and experienced Ojibwe land tenure practices, the consequences of transgressing Ojibwe law, and how Ojibwe communities resisted encroachment on traditional lands and territories.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43906660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117336
Sarah Quick
S P R I N G & F A L L 2 0 2 0 W I C A Z O S A R E V I E W Hungry Listening is a disciplinary reckoning. The book argues that settlers listen to Indigenous music and sounds through settler colonial musical logics. This book has two primary audiences: Indigenous and nonIndigenous. Some of the moments directed to Indigenous readers are open to nonIndigenous readers like myself to witness and learn. Others contain unexplained knowledge or exist in spaces where I am not invited. Robinson also directly asks nonIndigenous readers to name and reject settler logics of listening, composing, performing, and writing. Robinson hopes for transformative intersectional work between Indigenous and nonIndigenous scholars. He models this intersectional work in Hungry Listening by drawing on multiple disciplines and speaking to multiple positionalities. The book title is a concept developed by Robinson, which he explains in the introduction. It is an English translation of two Halq’eméylem words: (1) shxwelítemelh (“the adjective for settler or white person’s methods/things” [p. 2]), which is based on the word Stó:l ̄ o people (xwélmexw) used for starving White settlers in the midnineteenthcentury gold rush; and (2) xwélalà:m (listening). Robinson also provides an overview of his critique of “inclusionary music” and “inclusionary performance” as musical contexts in which Indigenous content is mined for aesthetic interest and “fit”— or assimilated— into Hungry Listening: Resonant Theory for Indigenous Sound Studies by Dylan Robinson University of Minnesota Press, 2020
你的听力是一种纪律的清算。你的听力是一种纪律的清算。这本书认为,定居者通过定居者的殖民音乐逻辑来聆听土著音乐和声音。这本书有两个主要的读者:土著和非土著。一些针对土著读者的时刻也对像我这样的非土著读者开放,可以见证和学习。还有一些包含无法解释的知识,或者存在于我不被邀请的地方。罗宾逊还直接要求非土著读者说出并拒绝定居者关于听、作曲、表演和写作的逻辑。罗宾逊希望在土著和非土著学者之间进行变革性的交叉研究。他在《饥饿的倾听》中模仿了这种交叉的工作,利用了多个学科和多个立场。书名是罗宾逊提出的一个概念,他在前言中对此进行了解释。它是两个Halq ' emsamylem单词的英文翻译:(1)shxwelítemelh(“定居者或白人的方法/事物的形容词”[p. 1]。[2]),它基于Stó这个词:l ā o people (xw录影带),用于19世纪中期淘金热中饥饿的白人定居者;(2) xw lalacom:m(听)。罗宾逊还概述了他对“包容性音乐”和“包容性表演”的批评,将其作为音乐背景,在这些音乐背景中,土著内容被挖掘用于审美兴趣,并“适合”或同化于明尼苏达大学迪伦·罗宾逊出版社2020年出版的《饥饿倾听:土著声音研究的共振理论》
{"title":"Hungry Listening: Resonant Theory for Indigenous Sound Studies","authors":"Sarah Quick","doi":"10.1215/00141801-10117336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-10117336","url":null,"abstract":"S P R I N G & F A L L 2 0 2 0 W I C A Z O S A R E V I E W Hungry Listening is a disciplinary reckoning. The book argues that settlers listen to Indigenous music and sounds through settler colonial musical logics. This book has two primary audiences: Indigenous and nonIndigenous. Some of the moments directed to Indigenous readers are open to nonIndigenous readers like myself to witness and learn. Others contain unexplained knowledge or exist in spaces where I am not invited. Robinson also directly asks nonIndigenous readers to name and reject settler logics of listening, composing, performing, and writing. Robinson hopes for transformative intersectional work between Indigenous and nonIndigenous scholars. He models this intersectional work in Hungry Listening by drawing on multiple disciplines and speaking to multiple positionalities. The book title is a concept developed by Robinson, which he explains in the introduction. It is an English translation of two Halq’eméylem words: (1) shxwelítemelh (“the adjective for settler or white person’s methods/things” [p. 2]), which is based on the word Stó:l ̄ o people (xwélmexw) used for starving White settlers in the midnineteenthcentury gold rush; and (2) xwélalà:m (listening). Robinson also provides an overview of his critique of “inclusionary music” and “inclusionary performance” as musical contexts in which Indigenous content is mined for aesthetic interest and “fit”— or assimilated— into Hungry Listening: Resonant Theory for Indigenous Sound Studies by Dylan Robinson University of Minnesota Press, 2020","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44928093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117354
I. Tonat
{"title":"Doodem and Council Fire: Anishinaabe Governance through Alliance","authors":"I. Tonat","doi":"10.1215/00141801-10117354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-10117354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43370957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117264
Rachel Corr
The aim of this article is to advance our knowledge of past shamanic practices in northwestern South America through an analysis of colonial-era criminal cases of people accused of using “superstitious” healing practices. A reading of three cases from late eighteenth-century Ecuador (the colonial Audiencia of Quito) reveals details of the techniques that these healers were using. Shamans attempted to control spirits through various means, including battles, esoteric chants, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, stones, and the fangs of predatory animals. The records indicate that on Ecuador’s coast, healers practiced a type of frontier-zone shamanism in which people of different ethnoracial and cultural backgrounds engaged in shamanic practices. The research expands existing studies of the historical exchanges of shamanic knowledge, practices, and sacred objects in colonial and modern frontier zones by contributing with a regional focus on the Pacific coast of Ecuador.
{"title":"Shamans in the Colonial Frontier Zone: Spirit Mastery in Eighteenth-Century Coastal Ecuador","authors":"Rachel Corr","doi":"10.1215/00141801-10117264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-10117264","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this article is to advance our knowledge of past shamanic practices in northwestern South America through an analysis of colonial-era criminal cases of people accused of using “superstitious” healing practices. A reading of three cases from late eighteenth-century Ecuador (the colonial Audiencia of Quito) reveals details of the techniques that these healers were using. Shamans attempted to control spirits through various means, including battles, esoteric chants, and the use of tobacco, alcohol, stones, and the fangs of predatory animals. The records indicate that on Ecuador’s coast, healers practiced a type of frontier-zone shamanism in which people of different ethnoracial and cultural backgrounds engaged in shamanic practices. The research expands existing studies of the historical exchanges of shamanic knowledge, practices, and sacred objects in colonial and modern frontier zones by contributing with a regional focus on the Pacific coast of Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48680699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117228
Brad Dixon
Across the early Americas, goods traveled long-distance on the backs of Indigenous porters. Related to issues of rank, status, and gender, “burdening” proved especially contentious in the North American Southeast, where Natives increasingly viewed long-distance cargo-carrying as a dangerous and degrading occupation that implied subservience to European colonizers. Indigenous cargo-carrying persisted in Spanish Florida and English Carolina, despite regulation and periodic efforts to improve transportation, taking a heavy toll from Native peoples. Eventually, technological changes reduced but did not eliminate burdening from colonial logistics—but only after Natives exerted immense political pressure through flight, war, and threats of trade embargoes.
{"title":"“In Place of Horses”: Indigenous Burdeners and the Politics of the Early American South","authors":"Brad Dixon","doi":"10.1215/00141801-10117228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-10117228","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Across the early Americas, goods traveled long-distance on the backs of Indigenous porters. Related to issues of rank, status, and gender, “burdening” proved especially contentious in the North American Southeast, where Natives increasingly viewed long-distance cargo-carrying as a dangerous and degrading occupation that implied subservience to European colonizers. Indigenous cargo-carrying persisted in Spanish Florida and English Carolina, despite regulation and periodic efforts to improve transportation, taking a heavy toll from Native peoples. Eventually, technological changes reduced but did not eliminate burdening from colonial logistics—but only after Natives exerted immense political pressure through flight, war, and threats of trade embargoes.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46108458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117372
Wendy A. Wegner
{"title":"Coming Home to Nez Perce Country: The Niimiipuu Campaign to Repatriate Their Exploited Heritage","authors":"Wendy A. Wegner","doi":"10.1215/00141801-10117372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-10117372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44160858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117282
Francismar Alex Lopes de Carvalho
For decades, historiography on the Iberian empires has suggested that peace treaties between Europeans and autonomous Native groups incorporated both Indigenous “nations,” understood as cohesive units, and Native lands into the monarchy. Drawing on extensive archival evidence and recent borderlands scholarship, this article suggests that written agreements had a limited impact on interethnic frontier relations. First, because informal relations shaped by Indigenous patterns of diplomacy were far more important to the success of alliances. Second, because alliances were often made with autonomous tolderías, not with homogeneous “nations.” And third, because Natives by no means identified their ethnic territories with Crown possessions, but continued to independently exploit Iberian rivalries in order to achieve more favorable conditions for themselves. This article focuses on the frontier between the Spanish province of Paraguay and the Portuguese captaincy of Mato Grosso.
{"title":"Formal and Informal Alliances between Iberians and Natives in the Heart of Late Eighteenth-Century South America","authors":"Francismar Alex Lopes de Carvalho","doi":"10.1215/00141801-10117282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-10117282","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For decades, historiography on the Iberian empires has suggested that peace treaties between Europeans and autonomous Native groups incorporated both Indigenous “nations,” understood as cohesive units, and Native lands into the monarchy. Drawing on extensive archival evidence and recent borderlands scholarship, this article suggests that written agreements had a limited impact on interethnic frontier relations. First, because informal relations shaped by Indigenous patterns of diplomacy were far more important to the success of alliances. Second, because alliances were often made with autonomous tolderías, not with homogeneous “nations.” And third, because Natives by no means identified their ethnic territories with Crown possessions, but continued to independently exploit Iberian rivalries in order to achieve more favorable conditions for themselves. This article focuses on the frontier between the Spanish province of Paraguay and the Portuguese captaincy of Mato Grosso.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-10117300
S. Hyland
Andean pictographic writing, once considered the creation of foreign missionaries, is now recognized as a series of locally developed scripts that emerged after contact with alphabetic writing. However, the role of stylistic variation within the Andean pictographic scripts is little understood, nor has the rebus-based glottography of the system’s phonetic signs been fully studied. This article examines the Koati variant of Andean pictographic script from Bolivia’s Island of the Moon, based in part on a newly found pictographic manuscript preserved on animal hides in Harvard University’s Peabody Museum. It analyzes how script styles in the Titicaca area correspond to regional groups and explores the nature of rebus signs in the Koati variant, identifying the principles underlying successful homonymic equivalences. Many of the characters in Andean pictographic writing appear to draw from a repository of Indigenous visual signs that predate the Spanish invasion; research into the emergent pictorial scripts of Peru and Bolivia may provide insights into the meaning of visual signs in other forms of Andean inscription, such as ceramics and khipus.
{"title":"Style and Rebus in an Emergent Script from Bolivia: The Koati Variant of Andean Pictographic Writing","authors":"S. Hyland","doi":"10.1215/00141801-10117300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-10117300","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Andean pictographic writing, once considered the creation of foreign missionaries, is now recognized as a series of locally developed scripts that emerged after contact with alphabetic writing. However, the role of stylistic variation within the Andean pictographic scripts is little understood, nor has the rebus-based glottography of the system’s phonetic signs been fully studied. This article examines the Koati variant of Andean pictographic script from Bolivia’s Island of the Moon, based in part on a newly found pictographic manuscript preserved on animal hides in Harvard University’s Peabody Museum. It analyzes how script styles in the Titicaca area correspond to regional groups and explores the nature of rebus signs in the Koati variant, identifying the principles underlying successful homonymic equivalences. Many of the characters in Andean pictographic writing appear to draw from a repository of Indigenous visual signs that predate the Spanish invasion; research into the emergent pictorial scripts of Peru and Bolivia may provide insights into the meaning of visual signs in other forms of Andean inscription, such as ceramics and khipus.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42622142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9881251
S. Ramírez
This article focuses on educational initiatives, the negotiations and resistance these efforts generated, and the barriers to these efforts during late colonial times. After a brief overview of formal and informal instruction, two examples of efforts to establish schools, especially for Native boys and girls, are outlined before an analysis of the obstacles organizers faced in founding them. Efforts were uneven. The superficial enthusiasm of some was tempered by the resistance of others. Contemporary manuscript texts in the archives of Spain, provincial capitals of Peru, and Lima highlight attitudes toward education in the 1780s and again closer to the eve of independence.
{"title":"Obstacles to Native Education in Late Colonial Peru","authors":"S. Ramírez","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9881251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9881251","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article focuses on educational initiatives, the negotiations and resistance these efforts generated, and the barriers to these efforts during late colonial times. After a brief overview of formal and informal instruction, two examples of efforts to establish schools, especially for Native boys and girls, are outlined before an analysis of the obstacles organizers faced in founding them. Efforts were uneven. The superficial enthusiasm of some was tempered by the resistance of others. Contemporary manuscript texts in the archives of Spain, provincial capitals of Peru, and Lima highlight attitudes toward education in the 1780s and again closer to the eve of independence.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43978730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}