Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9881287
A. Segovia-Liga
In 1586, the Jesuits founded the Colegio Seminario de San Gregorio in Mexico City. Throughout the colonial era and into the late nineteenth century, the school worked almost exclusively for Indigenous students. The political reforms introduced in Spain in 1812 stipulated the eradication of the segregated system that had prevailed during the colonial era. In response, civil authorities in Mexico City elaborated plans and reforms to allow non-Indigenous students access to San Gregorio. The arguments that nineteenth-century intellectuals expressed in favor of those reforms were broad-ranging and analyzed by contemporary scholars. However, we know little about Indigenous communities’ opinions concerning those transformations. This essay aims to review some of the ideas expressed by Indigenous intellectuals who sought to maintain the school as an exclusively “Indian” college.
{"title":"The Colegio de San Gregorio: An Intellectual Refuge for Indigenous Peoples in Mexico City in the Late Eighteenth Century","authors":"A. Segovia-Liga","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9881287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9881287","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 1586, the Jesuits founded the Colegio Seminario de San Gregorio in Mexico City. Throughout the colonial era and into the late nineteenth century, the school worked almost exclusively for Indigenous students. The political reforms introduced in Spain in 1812 stipulated the eradication of the segregated system that had prevailed during the colonial era. In response, civil authorities in Mexico City elaborated plans and reforms to allow non-Indigenous students access to San Gregorio. The arguments that nineteenth-century intellectuals expressed in favor of those reforms were broad-ranging and analyzed by contemporary scholars. However, we know little about Indigenous communities’ opinions concerning those transformations. This essay aims to review some of the ideas expressed by Indigenous intellectuals who sought to maintain the school as an exclusively “Indian” college.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46819292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9881215
A. Dueñas
Transforming the religious outlook of Indigenous populations in the colonial Andes became an imperial undertaking that required more than an external change. In the Andes, the missionary enterprise of the Jesuits created a wholesale design of mechanisms for an effective intervention in the psyche of the Native children of the Andean kurakas. Indoctrinators used the schools of caciques and other missional spaces to direct these young students’ mental and bodily dispositions toward cultural comportment changes. Colonizing Andeans’ innermost realms, the king and the Jesuits expected that out of “idolatrous heathens” would emerge Indians with European customs who embraced and expanded Christianity. To that end, the Jesuits systematically applied the “medicine of the soul,” an assortment of pedagogies employed to set in motion a variety of psychological states to produce a Christian subjectivity that occupied the inner space of Andean children’s lives.
{"title":"Building Indigenous Subjectivity: Jesuit Pedagogies of Emotion in the Colonial Andes","authors":"A. Dueñas","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9881215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9881215","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Transforming the religious outlook of Indigenous populations in the colonial Andes became an imperial undertaking that required more than an external change. In the Andes, the missionary enterprise of the Jesuits created a wholesale design of mechanisms for an effective intervention in the psyche of the Native children of the Andean kurakas. Indoctrinators used the schools of caciques and other missional spaces to direct these young students’ mental and bodily dispositions toward cultural comportment changes. Colonizing Andeans’ innermost realms, the king and the Jesuits expected that out of “idolatrous heathens” would emerge Indians with European customs who embraced and expanded Christianity. To that end, the Jesuits systematically applied the “medicine of the soul,” an assortment of pedagogies employed to set in motion a variety of psychological states to produce a Christian subjectivity that occupied the inner space of Andean children’s lives.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43901071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9881197
B. Benton
Children with one Spanish and one Indigenous parent (called mestizos in subsequent generations), particularly from the lower levels of society, were viewed as problematic in the first decades of Spanish rule in New Spain. By the 1550s, colegios had been established to house and educate them. This article examines official discourses surrounding early mestizos and their colegios and their place within Novohispanic society. While documents produced by royal and church officials form an important share of the primary sources used in the study, the author also examines more mundane documents related to the colegios produced by Mexico City’s notaries from the 1550s to the 1570s. The notarial documents demonstrate that these institutions were important to Mexico City residents both rich and poor, both white and non-white.
{"title":"The Wandering Children of Mexico: Sixteenth-Century Colegios for Mestizos","authors":"B. Benton","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9881197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9881197","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Children with one Spanish and one Indigenous parent (called mestizos in subsequent generations), particularly from the lower levels of society, were viewed as problematic in the first decades of Spanish rule in New Spain. By the 1550s, colegios had been established to house and educate them. This article examines official discourses surrounding early mestizos and their colegios and their place within Novohispanic society. While documents produced by royal and church officials form an important share of the primary sources used in the study, the author also examines more mundane documents related to the colegios produced by Mexico City’s notaries from the 1550s to the 1570s. The notarial documents demonstrate that these institutions were important to Mexico City residents both rich and poor, both white and non-white.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42966537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9881233
Kristin Huffine
This article examines how the 1705 Guaraní translation and publication of Juan Eusebio Nieremberg’s On the Difference between the Temporal and Eternal in Río de la Plata’s colonial missions provides evidence of Jesuit instruction in advanced spiritual formation as well as more limited forms of devotional training among Guaraní Indians. The book was translated for a growing population of elite Indigenous readers and for public readings among Indians without preparation in literacy in the missions. Introducing mission residents to the practice of spiritual exercises similar to those originally designed by Ignatius Loyola in his sixteenth-century handbook, the Guaraní Nieremberg imprint and its accompanying engravings reveal Jesuit methods of training in spiritual formation as well as efforts to provide for the development of Guaraní-Christian subject formation. The article also examines how the Guaraní brought their own knowledge of the soul-word and its close connections to language, dream songs, and speech to the Jesuit project of spiritual discernment and Guaraní-Christian subject formation.
本文考察了1705年Guaraní在Río de la Plata的殖民任务中翻译和出版的Juan Eusebio Nieremberg的《论世俗与永恒的区别》如何为Guaraní印第安人提供了耶稣会在高级精神形成方面的指导以及更有限形式的灵修训练的证据。这本书的翻译对象是越来越多的土著精英读者，以及在没有准备好读写能力的情况下在传教团中公开阅读的印第安人。向教会居民介绍类似于依纳爵·罗耀拉(Ignatius Loyola)在他16世纪的手册中最初设计的精神练习，Guaraní尼伦堡印记及其伴随的雕刻揭示了耶稣会在精神形成方面的训练方法，以及为Guaraní-Christian主题形成的发展所做的努力。文章还探讨了Guaraní如何将他们自己的灵魂世界的知识及其与语言、梦歌和演讲的密切联系带到耶稣会的精神分辨项目和Guaraní-Christian主题形成中。
{"title":"Fashioning the Soul in Colonial Río de la Plata: Religious Education in the Guaraní Missions, 1609–1768","authors":"Kristin Huffine","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9881233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9881233","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article examines how the 1705 Guaraní translation and publication of Juan Eusebio Nieremberg’s On the Difference between the Temporal and Eternal in Río de la Plata’s colonial missions provides evidence of Jesuit instruction in advanced spiritual formation as well as more limited forms of devotional training among Guaraní Indians. The book was translated for a growing population of elite Indigenous readers and for public readings among Indians without preparation in literacy in the missions. Introducing mission residents to the practice of spiritual exercises similar to those originally designed by Ignatius Loyola in his sixteenth-century handbook, the Guaraní Nieremberg imprint and its accompanying engravings reveal Jesuit methods of training in spiritual formation as well as efforts to provide for the development of Guaraní-Christian subject formation. The article also examines how the Guaraní brought their own knowledge of the soul-word and its close connections to language, dream songs, and speech to the Jesuit project of spiritual discernment and Guaraní-Christian subject formation.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46552909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9881179
Peter B. Villella, Mónica Díaz
{"title":"Indoctrination and Inclusion: New Research on Native and Mestizo Educational Institutions in Spanish America","authors":"Peter B. Villella, Mónica Díaz","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9881179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9881179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43121469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9881269
Mónica Díaz
This essay focuses on the connective networks among Native peoples that the Jesuit Colegio of San Gregorio and the Good Death Congregation promoted. Specifically, it discusses how aspects of what the article calls the economy of salvation allowed for the strengthening of social networks among Natives in the central part of Mexico City. Through the establishing of pious works within the colegio that supported the congregation’s activities, Indigenous peoples fostered a sense of cohesiveness and bolstered their ethnic identities.
{"title":"An Indigenous Congregation at the Colegio of San Gregorio: Dowries for “Indias” and the Economy of Salvation","authors":"Mónica Díaz","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9881269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9881269","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This essay focuses on the connective networks among Native peoples that the Jesuit Colegio of San Gregorio and the Good Death Congregation promoted. Specifically, it discusses how aspects of what the article calls the economy of salvation allowed for the strengthening of social networks among Natives in the central part of Mexico City. Through the establishing of pious works within the colegio that supported the congregation’s activities, Indigenous peoples fostered a sense of cohesiveness and bolstered their ethnic identities.","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48592953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9706016
M. S. Heerman
{"title":"Complexion of Empire in Natchez: Race and Slavery in the Mississippi Borderlands","authors":"M. S. Heerman","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9706016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9706016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9705940
Karl Offen
{"title":"A Miskitu Critique of British Trade Practices","authors":"Karl Offen","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9705940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9705940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49207324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9705997
M. Presber
{"title":"Colonialism’s Currency: Money, State, and First Nations in Canada, 1820–1950","authors":"M. Presber","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9705997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9705997","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42532083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1215/00141801-9706091
Mark Z. Christensen
{"title":"The Chilam Balam of Ixil: Facsimile and Study of an Unpublished Maya Book","authors":"Mark Z. Christensen","doi":"10.1215/00141801-9706091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9706091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51776,"journal":{"name":"Ethnohistory","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42100464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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