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Revisit the Gibbs-Thomson Equation Fitting of Poly(butylene succinate) Based on Oligomer Extended-Chain Crystals
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3270-5
Na Li, Yu-Pei Tian, Tian-Yu Wu, Qiong Zhou, Hai-Mu Ye

The equilibrium melting point (Tm0) is a crucial thermodynamic parameter for characterizing the crystallization and melting behavior of semi-crystalline polymers. However, the direct measurement of Tm0 poses a significant challenge because of the difficulty in physically fabricating fully-extended chain crystals of high-molecular-weight polymers. Therefore, various extrapolation equations for Tm0 have been proposed that utilize the thermal properties of ordinary folded-chain lamellae. Among these, the Gibbs-Thomson equation is one of the most commonly employed for modeling. Despite its widespread use, there are notable variations in the Tm0 values obtained by different research groups, even when based on similar samples. This raises questions about the validity and accuracy of using the Gibbs-Thomson equation to linearly extrapolate Tm0. In this study, we prepared a series of oligomer extended-chain crystals (ECCs) of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and used their properties for Gibbs-Thomson fitting. The results reveal a perfect linear relationship, with an extrapolated Tm0 value of 136.08 °C. The basal surface free energy of the oligomer ECCs was calculated as 0.084 J/m2, which is approximately twice that of folded-chain lamellae. This difference is attributed to the aggregation of highly mobile free tails on the crystal surface. The two structural features of oligomer ECCs—large thickness and fixed surface—better fulfill the conditions for applying the Gibbs-Thomson equation, ensuring its validity and accuracy. Therefore, we believe that the Gibbs-Thomson fit can produce reliable results when sufficient high-quality data are used.

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引用次数: 0
Influence of the Type of Precipitant on the Structure of Phase-inversion Polyamido-imide Membranes 沉淀剂种类对反相聚酰胺-亚胺膜结构的影响
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-024-3247-9
N. V. Zakharova, G. K. Lebedeva, N. N. Saprykina, E. V. Kruchinina, E. A. Novozhilova, S. V. Kononova

Porous phase-inversion membranes of complex morphology were obtained on the basis of aromatic polyamidoimides with different numbers of hydroxyl groups in the diamine component of the repeating unit. The influence of the quality of the precipitant (nonsolvent) applied in membrane preparation (i.e., the use of “strong” or “weak” nonsolvent) on structural and morphological features of polymer membranes of various chemical compositions was studied. Investigation of dilute solutions of membrane-forming polymers by optical methods revealed the changes in the state of the system both in the presence of a solvent and in the presence of a nonsolvent. On the basis of the obtained results, it was possible to estimate the sensitivity of the studied polymer/solvent/nonsolvent system to changes in the copolymer composition (a number of hydroxyl groups in the repeating unit).

以重复单元的二胺组分中羟基数目不同的芳香族聚酰胺酰亚胺为基础,制备了具有复杂形态的多孔反相膜。研究了膜制备中使用的沉淀剂(非溶剂)的质量(即“强”或“弱”非溶剂的使用)对不同化学成分聚合物膜结构和形态特征的影响。用光学方法研究成膜聚合物的稀溶液,揭示了在溶剂和非溶剂存在下系统状态的变化。根据得到的结果,可以估计所研究的聚合物/溶剂/非溶剂体系对共聚物组成(重复单元中羟基的数量)变化的敏感性。
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引用次数: 0
CO2-Sourced Poly(chloropropylene carbonate) with High Flame-Retardant Performance 具有高阻燃性能的co2源聚碳酸酯氯丙烯
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3261-6
Yue Gong, Xiao-Feng Zhu, Guan-Wen Yang, Meng Ma, Xu Wang, Jie Xu, Xin Shu, Guang-Peng Wu

The alternating copolymer of CO2 with epoxide is a green plastic that can efficiently transform CO2 into valuable chemicals. Despite the significant advances made, the restricted practical application of CO2-sourced polycarbonates due to their lack of functionality has hindered field development. We successfully demonstrated the flame retardancy of poly(chloropropylene carbonate) (PCPC), a perfectly alternating copolymer of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and CO2. This was prepared at a 200-gram scale using a high-efficacy tetranuclear organoborane catalyst. PCPC’s excellent flame-retardant performance has been proven by both the vertical combustion test (UL94 V-0) and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value (29.1%). The underlaid flame-retardant mechanism of PCPC was clearly elucidated. As a result, we confirmed that the generated cyclic carbonates and concurrently released flame-retardant chlorine radicals, hydrogen chloride, and CO2 during combustion render PCPC an excellent flame retardant. Furthermore, we investigated the practicability of PCPC as a halogen-rich polymeric flame retardant by blending it with commercial bisphenol A polycarbonate (BPA-PC). PCPC upgraded the flame retardancy rating of BPA polycarbonate from V-2 to V-0 even with a mere 1 wt% addition. It is our hope that this result will prove useful in future developments of advanced CO2-sourced polymeric materials.

二氧化碳与环氧化物的交替共聚物是一种绿色塑料,可以有效地将二氧化碳转化为有价值的化学品。尽管取得了重大进展,但由于缺乏功能性,二氧化碳源聚碳酸酯的实际应用受到限制,阻碍了油田开发。我们成功地证明了聚氯丙酯(PCPC)的阻燃性,它是一种环氧氯丙烷(ECH)和二氧化碳的完美交替共聚物。这是用高效的四核有机硼烷催化剂在200克的规模上制备的。垂直燃烧试验(UL94 V-0)和极限氧指数(LOI)值(29.1%)均证明了PCPC优异的阻燃性能。明确了PCPC的底层阻燃机理。结果表明,在燃烧过程中生成的环状碳酸盐和同时释放的阻燃氯自由基、氯化氢和二氧化碳使PCPC成为一种优异的阻燃剂。此外,我们还通过与商业双酚a聚碳酸酯(BPA-PC)共混,研究了PCPC作为富卤素聚合物阻燃剂的实用性。PCPC将BPA聚碳酸酯的阻燃等级从V-2提升到V-0,即使只添加1wt %。我们希望这一结果将被证明对未来先进的二氧化碳源聚合物材料的开发有用。
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引用次数: 0
Bio-based Epoxy Composites Demonstrating High Temperature Breakdown Strength and Thermal Conductivity for High Voltage Insulation 具有高温击穿强度和导热性的生物基环氧复合材料用于高压绝缘
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3254-5
Ke-Rong Yang, Jin-Yue Dai, Shuai-Peng Wang, Wei-Wei Zhao, Xiao-Qing Liu

The demand for energy-efficient and environmental-friendly power grid construction has made the exploitation of bio-based electrical epoxy resins with excellent properties increasingly important. This work developed the bio-based electrotechnical epoxy resins based on magnolol. High-performance epoxy resin (DGEMT) with a double crosslinked points and its composites (Al2O3/DGEMT) were obtained taking advantages of the two bifunctional groups (allyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups) of magnolol. Benefitting from the distinctive structure of DGEMT, the Al2O3/DGEMT composites exhibited the advantages of intrinsically high thermal conductivity, high insulation, and low dielectric loss. The AC breakdown strength and thermal conductivity of Al2O3/DGEMT composites were 35.5 kV/mm and 1.19 W·m−1·K−1, respectively, which were 15.6% and 52.6% higher than those of petroleum-based composites (Al2O3/DGEBA). And its dielectric loss tanδ=0.0046 was 20.7% lower than that of Al2O3/DGEBA. Furthermore, the mechanical, thermal and processing properties of Al2O3/DGEMT are fully comparable to those of Al2O3/DGEBA. This work confirms the feasibility of manufacturing environmentally friendly power equipment using bio-based epoxy resins, which has excellent engineering applications.

节能环保电网建设的要求使得开发性能优良的生物基电性环氧树脂日益重要。研制了以厚朴酚为主要原料的生物基环氧树脂。利用厚朴酚的两个双官能团(烯丙基和酚羟基),制备了高性能双交联点环氧树脂(DGEMT)及其复合材料(Al2O3/DGEMT)。得益于DGEMT的独特结构,Al2O3/DGEMT复合材料具有固有的高导热性、高绝缘性和低介电损耗的优点。Al2O3/DGEBA复合材料的交流击穿强度和导热系数分别为35.5 kV/mm和1.19 W·m−1·K−1,分别比石油基复合材料(Al2O3/DGEBA)高15.6%和52.6%。其介电损耗tanδ=0.0046比Al2O3/DGEBA低20.7%。此外,Al2O3/DGEMT的力学性能、热学性能和加工性能与Al2O3/DGEBA完全相当。本研究证实了利用生物基环氧树脂制造环境友好型电力设备的可行性,具有良好的工程应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Carbon-based Nanoparticle Reinforcement on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Coatings 碳基纳米颗粒增强环氧涂层微观结构和力学性能的实验与数值研究
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3252-7
Lu-Yang Xu, Xing-Yu Wang, Yi-Zhou Lin, Ying Huang, Cheng-Cheng Tao, Da-Wei Zhang

The addition of nanoparticles serves as an effective reinforcement strategy for polymeric coatings, utilizing their unique characteristics as well as extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The exceptionally high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles imparts remarkable reinforcing potentials, yet it simultaneously gives rise to a prevalent tendency for nanoparticles to agglomerate into clusters within nanocomposites. The agglomeration behavior of the nanoparticles is predominantly influenced by their distinct microstructures and varied weight concentrations. This study investigated the synergistic effects of nanoparticle geometric shape and weight concentration on the dispersion characteristics of nanoparticles and the physical-mechanical performances of nano-reinforced epoxy coatings. Three carbon-based nanoparticles, nanodiamonds (NDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphenes (GNPs), were incorporated into epoxy coatings at three weight concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%). The experimental findings reveal that epoxy coatings reinforced with NDs demonstrated the most homogenous dispersion characteristics, lowest viscosity, and reduced porosity among all the nanoparticles, which could be attributed to the spherical geometry shape. Due to the superior physical properties, ND-reinforced nanocomposites displayed the highest abrasion resistance and tensile properties. Specifically, the 1.0wt% ND-reinforced nanocomposites exhibited 60%, 52%, and 97% improvements in mass lost, tensile strength, and failure strain, respectively, compared to pure epoxy. Furthermore, the representative volume element (RVE) modeling was employed to validate the experimental results, while highlighting the critical role of nanoparticle agglomeration, orientation, and the presence of voids on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Nano-reinforced epoxy coatings with enhanced mechanical properties are well-suited for application in protective coatings for pipelines, industrial equipment, and automotive parts, where high wear resistance is essential.

纳米颗粒的加入可以作为聚合物涂层的有效增强策略,利用其独特的特性以及非凡的机械、热学和电学性能。纳米颗粒异常高的表面体积比赋予了显著的增强电位,但同时也引起了纳米颗粒在纳米复合材料中聚集成团簇的普遍趋势。纳米颗粒的团聚行为主要受其不同的微观结构和不同的质量浓度的影响。研究了纳米粒子几何形状和质量浓度对纳米粒子分散特性和纳米增强环氧涂料物理力学性能的协同作用。将纳米金刚石(NDs)、碳纳米管(CNTs)和石墨烯(GNPs)三种碳基纳米颗粒以三种重量浓度(0.5%、1.0%和2.0%)掺入环氧涂料中。实验结果表明,纳米颗粒增强的环氧涂层在所有纳米颗粒中表现出最均匀的分散特性、最低的粘度和更低的孔隙率,这可能归因于其球形几何形状。由于其优异的物理性能,nd增强纳米复合材料表现出最高的耐磨性和拉伸性能。具体来说,与纯环氧树脂相比,1.0wt% nd增强纳米复合材料在质量损失、抗拉强度和失效应变方面分别提高了60%、52%和97%。此外,采用代表性体积元(RVE)模型验证了实验结果,同时强调了纳米颗粒团聚、取向和空隙的存在对纳米复合材料力学性能的关键作用。具有增强机械性能的纳米增强环氧树脂涂层非常适合应用于管道,工业设备和汽车部件的保护涂层,其中高耐磨性是必不可少的。
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引用次数: 0
Boroxine Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks Based Single-ion Quasi-solid-state Conductor in Lithium-ion Battery 基于硼镁晶体共价有机骨架的锂离子电池准固态导体
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3260-7
Hao-Min Wu, Wen-Can Ma, Yi-Feng Cai, Xin Huang, Jun-Heng Li, Xi Kai, Qiu-Hong Zhang, Xu-Dong Jia

Solid-state electrolytes are considered to be the vital part of the next-generation solid-state batteries (SSBs), due to their high safety and long operation life span. However, the two major factors that impede the expected performance of batteries are: the easy formation of lithium dendrites due to the concentration gradient of anions, and the low ionic conductivity at room temperature, which prevents reaching ideal electrochemical performance. Single-ion quasi-solid-state electrolytes (SIQSSEs) could provide higher safety and energy density, owing to absence of anion concentration gradient and solvent, as well as good lithium-ion transport ability. The porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are beneficial for con-structing appropriate lithium-ion transport pathway, due to the ordered 1D channel. In addition, the boroxine COFs (COF-5) offers strong ability of withdrawing anion part of lithium salt. Last but not the least, boron atom could play the role of coordinate site due to its electron deficiency. These advantages afford an opportunity to obtain a SIQSSE with high ionic conductivity and high lithium transference number (LTN) simultaneously. The COF-5 based SIQSSEs delivered a high ionic conductivity of 6.3×10−4 S·cm−1, with a high LTN of 0.92 and a wide electrochemical stable window (ESW) of 4.7 V at room temperature. The LiFePO4 (LFP)/Li cells, which was assembled with COF-5 based SIQSSE, exhibited outstanding long cycle stability, high initial capacity and favorable rate performance. The results indicated COFs could be an ideal material for single-ion solid-state electrolytes in next-generation batteries.

固态电解质因其高安全性和长使用寿命而被认为是下一代固态电池(ssb)的重要组成部分。然而,阻碍电池预期性能的两个主要因素是:阴离子浓度梯度导致锂枝晶容易形成,以及室温下离子电导率低,阻碍电池达到理想的电化学性能。单离子准固态电解质(siqses)由于不存在阴离子浓度梯度和溶剂,且具有良好的锂离子输运能力,可以提供更高的安全性和能量密度。多孔共价有机框架(COFs)具有有序的一维通道,有利于构建合适的锂离子输运途径。此外,硼砂COFs (COFs -5)对锂盐阴离子部分具有较强的吸附能力。最后,硼原子由于缺电子,可以起到配位的作用。这些优点为同时获得高离子电导率和高锂转移数(LTN)的SIQSSE提供了机会。COF-5基siqss的离子电导率为6.3×10−4 S·cm−1,LTN为0.92,室温下电化学稳定窗(ESW)为4.7 V。用COF-5基SIQSSE组装的LiFePO4 (LFP)/Li电池具有明显的长周期稳定性、高初始容量和良好的倍率性能。结果表明,COFs可以成为下一代电池中单离子固态电解质的理想材料。
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引用次数: 0
Advancements and Applications of 4D Bioprinting in Biomedical Science 4D生物打印技术在生物医学中的应用与进展
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3259-0
Hakan Eskizengin, Can Ergun

The constraints of traditional 3D bioprinting are overcome by 4D bioprinting integrating with adaptable materials over time, resulting in dynamic, compliant, and functional biological structures. This innovative approach to bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and advanced drug delivery systems. 4D bioprinting is a technology that allows for the extension of 3D bioprinting technology by making predesigned structures change after they are fabricated using smart materials that can alter their characteristics via stimulus, leading to transformation in healthcare, which is able to provide precise personalized effective medical treatment without any side effects. This review article concentrates on some recent developments and applications in the field of 4D bioprinting, which can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in biomedical sciences. 4D printing is a new chapter in bioprinting that introduces dynamism and functional living biological structures. Therefore, smart materials and sophisticated printing techniques can eliminate the challenges associated with printing complex organs and tissues. However, the problems with this process are biocompatibility, immunogenicity, and scalability, which need to be addressed. Moreover, numerous obstacles have been encountered during its widespread adoption in clinical practice. Therefore, 4D bioprinting requires improvements in future material science innovations and further development in printers and manufacturing techniques to unlock its potential for better patient care and outcomes.

随着时间的推移,4D生物打印与适应性材料相结合,克服了传统3D生物打印的局限性,产生了动态、顺应性和功能性的生物结构。这种创新的生物打印方法在组织工程、再生医学和先进的药物输送系统方面具有很大的前景。4D生物打印是一项允许3D生物打印技术扩展的技术,通过使用智能材料制造预先设计的结构,可以通过刺激改变其特性,从而导致医疗保健的转变,能够提供精确的个性化有效的医疗治疗,没有任何副作用。本文主要介绍了4D生物打印技术在生物医学领域的一些最新进展和应用,为生物医学科学的突破性发展铺平了道路。4D打印是生物打印的新篇章,介绍了动态和功能性的生物结构。因此,智能材料和复杂的打印技术可以消除打印复杂器官和组织的挑战。然而,这一过程的问题是生物相容性、免疫原性和可扩展性,这需要解决。此外,在临床实践中广泛采用的过程中遇到了许多障碍。因此,4D生物打印需要未来材料科学创新的改进,以及打印机和制造技术的进一步发展,以释放其更好的患者护理和结果的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Ultralight and Anisotropic Heterocyclic Para-aramid Nanofiber/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Aerogel for Efficient Thermal Insulation and Flame Retardancy 超轻、各向异性杂环对芳纶纳米纤维/还原氧化石墨烯复合气凝胶的高效保温阻燃研究
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3256-3
Wen-Wen Wu, Jian-Xun Shang, Na Li, Yan Wang, Jun-Rong Yu, Zu-Ming Hu

The demand for anisotropic aerogels with excellent comprehensive properties in cutting-edge fields such as aerospace is growing. Based on the above background, a novel heterocyclic para-aramid nanofiber/reduced graphene oxide (HPAN/rGO) composite aerogel was prepared by combining electrospinning and unidirectional freeze-drying. The anisotropic HPAN/rGO composite aerogel exhibited a honeycomb morphology in the direction perpendicular to the growth of ice crystals, and a through-well structure of directed microchannels in the direction parallel to the temperature gradient. By varying the mass ratio of HPAN/rGO, a composite aerogel with an ultra-low density of 5.34–7.81 mg·cm−3 and an ultra-high porosity of 98%–99% was obtained. Benefiting from the anisotropic structure, the radial and axial thermal conductivities of HPAN/rGO-3 composite aerogel were 29.37 and 44.35 mW·m−1·K−1, respectively. A combination of software simulation and experiments was used to analyze the effect of anisotropic structures on the thermal insulation properties of aerogels. Moreover, due to the intrinsic self-extinguishing properties of heterocyclic para-aramid and the protection of the graphene carbon layer, the composite aerogel also exhibits excellent flame retardancy properties, and its total heat release rate (THR) was only 5.8 kJ·g−1, which is far superior to many reported aerogels. Therefore, ultralight anisotropic HPAN/rGO composite aerogels with excellent high-temperature thermal insulation and flame retardancy properties have broad application prospects in complex environments such as aerospace.

航空航天等前沿领域对综合性能优良的各向异性气凝胶的需求日益增长。基于上述背景,采用静电纺丝和单向冷冻干燥相结合的方法制备了一种新型杂环对芳纶纳米纤维/还原性氧化石墨烯复合气凝胶。各向异性的HPAN/rGO复合气凝胶在垂直于冰晶生长方向上呈现蜂窝形态,在平行于温度梯度方向上呈现定向微通道的通孔结构。通过改变HPAN/rGO的质量比,得到了超低密度5.34 ~ 7.81 mg·cm−3、超高孔隙率98% ~ 99%的复合气凝胶。得益于各向异性结构,HPAN/rGO-3复合气凝胶的径向和轴向导热系数分别为29.37和44.35 mW·m−1·K−1。采用软件模拟与实验相结合的方法,分析了各向异性结构对气凝胶保温性能的影响。此外,由于杂环对芳烃固有的自熄特性和石墨烯碳层的保护,复合气凝胶还表现出优异的阻燃性能,其总放热率(THR)仅为5.8 kJ·g−1,远远优于许多报道的气凝胶。因此,具有优异高温保温阻燃性能的超轻各向异性HPAN/rGO复合气凝胶在航空航天等复杂环境中具有广阔的应用前景。
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引用次数: 0
Spherical Magnetic Fe-Alginate Microgels Fabricated by Droplet-Microfluidics Combining with an External Crosslinking Approach and the Study of Their pH Dependent Fe3+ Release Behaviors 通过液滴-微流体技术结合外部交联方法制备的球形磁性海藻酸铁微凝胶及其随 pH 值变化的 Fe3+ 释放行为研究
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3257-2
Jie Chen, Run-Yu Yu, Kai-Qi Wang, Zhe-Yu Zhang, Arezoo Ardekani, Yuan-Du Hu

Due to the rapid development and potential applications of iron(III)-alginate (Fe-Alg) microgels in biomedical as well as environmental engineering, this study explores the preparation and characterization of spherical Fe-Alg microgels using droplet microfluidics combined with an external ionic crosslinking method. This study focused on the role of Fe3+ and examined its effects on the physical/chemical properties of microgels under different ionic conditions and reduced or oxidized states. The pH-dependent release behavior of Fe3+ from these microgels demonstrates their potential biomedical and environmental applications. Furthermore, the microgels can exhibit magnetism simply by utilizing in situ oxidation, which can be further used for targeted drug delivery and magnetic separation technologies.

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引用次数: 0
Multi-Cyclic Swelling for Self-Regulated Growth of Covalently Crosslinked Polymers
IF 4.1 2区 化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10118-025-3268-z
De-Fu Zhu, Hong Wang, Jian Chen, Xin-Hong Xiong, Jia-Xi Cui

Organisms are capable of self-growth through the integration of the nutrients provided by the external environment. This process slows down when they grow. In this study, we mimicked this self-regulated growth via a simple swelling-polymerization strategy in which the stretching polymer chains in the original networks provide entropic elasticity to restrict growth in high growth cycles. Using typical covalently crosslinked polymers, such as acrylamide-based hydrogels and HBA-based elastomers, as examples, we demonstrate that the crosslinked polymers can absorb polymerizable compounds through a swelling-polymerization process to expand their sizes, but the growth extent becomes smaller with increasing growth cycle until reaching a plateau. In addition to their size, these materials become stiffer and exhibit less swelling ability in solvents. Our work not only provides a new growing mode to tune the properties of crosslinked polymers but also discloses the underlying mechanism of crosslinked polymers in multi-cyclic swelling conditions.

{"title":"Multi-Cyclic Swelling for Self-Regulated Growth of Covalently Crosslinked Polymers","authors":"De-Fu Zhu,&nbsp;Hong Wang,&nbsp;Jian Chen,&nbsp;Xin-Hong Xiong,&nbsp;Jia-Xi Cui","doi":"10.1007/s10118-025-3268-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10118-025-3268-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organisms are capable of self-growth through the integration of the nutrients provided by the external environment. This process slows down when they grow. In this study, we mimicked this self-regulated growth <i>via</i> a simple swelling-polymerization strategy in which the stretching polymer chains in the original networks provide entropic elasticity to restrict growth in high growth cycles. Using typical covalently crosslinked polymers, such as acrylamide-based hydrogels and HBA-based elastomers, as examples, we demonstrate that the crosslinked polymers can absorb polymerizable compounds through a swelling-polymerization process to expand their sizes, but the growth extent becomes smaller with increasing growth cycle until reaching a plateau. In addition to their size, these materials become stiffer and exhibit less swelling ability in solvents. Our work not only provides a new growing mode to tune the properties of crosslinked polymers but also discloses the underlying mechanism of crosslinked polymers in multi-cyclic swelling conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":517,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Polymer Science","volume":"43 3","pages":"509 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Chinese Journal of Polymer Science
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