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Review: Prosodic Patterns in English Conversation 英语会话中的韵律模式
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/0075424220913611
R. Burdin
King, Brian W. 2014. Inverting virginity, abstinence, and conquest: Sexual agency and subjectivity in classroom conversation. Sexualities 17(3). 310-328. King, Brian W. 2016. Becoming the intelligible other: Speaking intersex bodies against the grain. Critical Discourse Studies 13(4). 359-378. King, Brian W. 2019. Communities of practice in language research: A critical introduction. London: Routledge. Martin, J. R. P. & R. R. White. 2005. The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
布莱恩·金,2014。颠倒童贞、禁欲与征服:课堂对话中的性代理与主体性。性取向17(3)。310 - 328。布莱恩·金,2016。成为可理解的他者:说双性人的身体不合常理。批评话语研究13(4)。359 - 378。布莱恩·金,2019。语言研究中的实践社群:批判性导论。伦敦:劳特利奇。马丁,J. R. P.和R. R.怀特,2005。评价语言:英语评价。贝辛斯托克:帕尔格雷夫·麦克米伦。
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引用次数: 1
“Holding Grudges Is So Last Century”: The Use of GenX So as a Modifier of Noun Phrases “怀恨在心是上个世纪的事”:GenX So作为名词短语修饰语的使用
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/0075424220911070
Ulrike Stange
This article focuses on the X is so NP-construction in American English, as exemplified by “Holding grudges is so last century” (SOAP, As the World Turns, 2002). Drawing on the Corpus of American Soap Operas (Davies 2011-), the aim of this study is to provide an account of the distributional pattern of noun phrase modification with so, including preferences in modified noun phrase (NP) types and concomitant differences in the meaning of so. The analyses reveal that, in line with subjectification theory on intensification (Athanasiadou 2007), so is expanding its functional range from intensification to emphasis. The findings suggest a near-complementary distribution of these meanings, with intensifying so (‘very’) dominating in affirmative sentences (especially with object pronouns and names; “It’s so Star Trek”; SOAP, Days of Our Lives, 2004), and emphatic so (‘definitely’) in negated utterances (especially with pre-modified NPs, such as “It is so not a date”; SOAP, One Life to Live, 2007). Furthermore, intensifying uses of so are restricted to NPs that exhibit adjective-like characteristics and invite metonymic referencing (Gonzálvez-García 2014). So is attested almost exclusively with the copula be, which might hint at restrictions at work in this construction. With respect to the distribution of GenX so across the character groups, the scriptwriters attributed most utterances to (younger) women, in terms of both token frequency and dispersion within the group. This paper shows that the observations pertaining to language variation and change made for adjective intensification (“so good”) also apply to NP intensification (“so 2020”).
这篇文章的重点是美国英语中的X is so NP结构,例如“上个世纪怀恨在心”(SOAP,as the World Turns,2002)。根据《美国肥皂剧语料库》(Davies 2011-),本研究旨在说明so修饰名词短语的分布模式,包括修饰名词短语(NP)类型的偏好和so含义的伴随差异,它的功能范围也从强化扩展到强调。研究结果表明,这些含义的分布几乎是互补的,在肯定句中强化so('very')占主导地位(尤其是在宾语代词和名字中;“It’s so Star Trek”;SOAP,Days of Our Lives,2004),以及否定话语中的强调so(“definitely”)(尤其是预修饰的NP,如“It is so not a date”;SOAP,One Life to Live,2007)。此外,so的强化使用仅限于表现出形容词样特征并引起转喻引用的NP(Gonzálvez García,2014)。这几乎完全用copula be来证明,这可能暗示了在这种构造中工作的限制。关于X世代在角色群体中的分布,编剧们将大多数话语归因于(年轻)女性,无论是在群体内的象征性频率还是分散性。本文表明,对形容词强化(“so good”)的语言变异和变化的观察也适用于NP强化(“so2020”)。
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引用次数: 3
Review: Language, Sexuality and Education 回顾:语言、性与教育
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/0075424220924116
B. W. King
Bybee, Joan. 2010. Language, usage and cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fischer, Olga, Hendrik De Smet & Wim van der Wurff. 2017. A brief history of English syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fonteyn, Lauren & George Walkden. 2019. Review of Fischer, De Smet & van der Wurff (2017), A brief history of English syntax. Journal of Historical Syntax 3(1). 1-12. Jucker, Andreas H. 2008. Historical Pragmatics. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5). 894-906. Włodarczyk, Matylda. 2018. English Historical Linguistics: A textbook for the 21st century? Pragmatics. Reviews 6(1). 5-11.
比比,琼。2010。语言、用法和认知。剑桥:剑桥大学出版社。Fischer、Olga、Hendrik De Smet和Wim van der Wurff。2017。英语语法简史。剑桥:剑桥大学出版社。Fonteyn、Lauren和George Walkden。2019.Fischer,De Smet&van der Wurff评论(2017),英语句法简史。历史语法杂志3(1)。1-12.Jucker,Andreas H.2008。历史实用主义。语言语言学指南针2(5)。894-906。沃达尔奇克,马蒂尔达。2018.英语历史语言学:面向21世纪的教科书?实用主义。评论6(1)。5-11。
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引用次数: 0
Three Types of Old English Adjectival Postposition: A Corpus-Based Construction Grammar Approach 古英语形容词后置的三种类型:基于语料库的构造语法方法
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/0075424220911067
Maciej Grabski
The present article looks at different patterns of adjectival postmodification in Old English. A detailed corpus analysis is performed, whose results are interpreted within the framework of Construction Grammar. This study contributes to previous research on the subject by using a large set of corpus data which pave the way for adopting a usage-based approach. The results indicate that the patterns analyzed fulfilled different functions, which in the framework adopted is grounds enough for assigning them to different conceptual categories, i.e., “constructions.” Further, I investigate the mutual relations between these constructions as well as the internal dynamics of their functions and development. The findings support the basic constructionist notion that language is most effectively described as a complex and dynamic network of interrelated constructions.
本文着眼于古英语中形容词后修饰的不同模式。对语料库进行了详细的分析,并在构式语法的框架内对分析结果进行了解释。本研究通过使用大量语料库数据,为采用基于用法的方法铺平了道路,从而对先前的研究做出了贡献。结果表明,所分析的模式实现了不同的功能,在所采用的框架中,这是将它们分配到不同概念范畴(即“结构”)的充分理由。此外,我还研究了这些结构之间的相互关系,以及它们的功能和发展的内部动态。这些发现支持了建构主义的基本观点,即语言被最有效地描述为一个复杂的、动态的相互关联的结构网络。
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引用次数: 2
Book Review: English Historical Linguistics: Approaches and Perspectives 书评:《英国历史语言学:方法与观点》
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/0075424220913087
Lauren Fonteyn
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引用次数: 0
Conceptual Metaphors and Image Schemas: A Corpus Analysis of the Development of the On Track/Off Track Idiom Pair 概念隐喻与意象图式:轨道上/脱轨成语对发展的语料库分析
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-04-23 DOI: 10.1177/0075424220912455
Dilin Liu, Qiyang Mo
Using the theoretical constructs of “image schema” and “conceptual metaphor,” this study examines the use and historical development of on track and off track as a pair of metaphorical idioms in American English. Specifically, this article is concerned with usage patterns and semantic changes of the expressions over the past two centuries in three American English corpora. We study the semantic features of the subject nouns as the “trajectors” and the diverse verbs used with the on/off track metaphors in order to uncover the main cognitive mechanisms underlying the use of the two idioms. The results of the study delineate how the development of the metaphorical idiom pair was largely motivated by PATH/FORCE conceptual metaphors based on image schemas and licensed by the Event-Structure Complex Metaphor; this demonstrates the important role of image schemas and conceptual metaphor in language use and development. The results also reveal that, in using metaphors based on image schemas, speakers/writers may activate very specific embodied images, and that context influences the use of the metaphorical idiom pair. Our results also support findings from previous corpus-linguistic theory-guided corpus studies of lexical/syntactical constructions, confirming again the vitality of this research.
本研究运用“意象图式”和“概念隐喻”的理论建构,考察了“轨道上”和“轨道外”作为一对隐喻习语在美国英语中的使用和历史发展。具体地说,本文关注的是近两个世纪以来三个美国英语语料库中表达的使用模式和语义变化。我们研究了主题名词作为“trajector”的语义特征,以及与轨道上/轨道外隐喻一起使用的各种动词,以揭示这两个习语使用的主要认知机制。研究结果表明,基于意象图式的PATH/FORCE概念隐喻在很大程度上推动了隐喻性习语对的发展,并得到了事件结构复合隐喻的许可;这说明了意象图式和概念隐喻在语言使用和发展中的重要作用。研究结果还表明,在使用基于意象图式的隐喻时,说话者/作者可能会激活非常具体的具象,而语境会影响隐喻习语对的使用。我们的研究结果也支持了先前语料库语言学理论指导的词汇/句法结构语料库研究的结果,再次证实了这项研究的活力。
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引用次数: 4
A Cool Comparison: Adjectives of Positive Evaluation in Toronto, Canada and York, England 一个很酷的比较:加拿大多伦多和英国约克的积极评价形容词
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-02-07 DOI: 10.1177/0075424219881487
Sali A. Tagliamonte, K. Pabst
This paper examines variation and change in the adjectives used to express “highly positive evaluation” in the varieties of English spoken in Toronto, Canada, and York, England. Building on earlier work on another semantic field, “strangeness,” we analyze over 4800 tokens and thirty-four different types, as in “That’s great” and “She’s awesome.” Our results show both similarities and differences between these two semantic fields. While individual forms in both fields tend to be popular for a long time, many forms fall in and out of favor. In the case of adjectives of highly positive evaluation, the adjectival set is particularly rich. Distributional analysis and statistical modeling of constraints on the major forms and their underlying social and linguistic correlates reveals that these changes are not progressing in parallel across varieties of English. There are robust linguistic patterns that suggest a systemic underlying explanation. New additions to this field arise in predicative position and as stand-alones, and in a later stage extend to attributive position. Finally, consistent with earlier findings on adjectives and (intensifying) adverbs, there are notable links to social trends and popular culture, affirming the link between open class categories and their sociolinguistic embedding.
本文考察了加拿大多伦多和英国约克的英语变体中表达“高度肯定的评价”的形容词的变异和变化。在早期对另一个语义领域“陌陌感”的研究基础上,我们分析了超过4800个标记和34种不同的类型,比如“那太棒了”和“她太棒了”。我们的结果显示了这两个语义场之间的异同。虽然这两个领域中的个别形式在很长一段时间内都很流行,但许多形式都受到欢迎或不受欢迎。在评价高度肯定的形容词中,形容词集特别丰富。对主要形式及其潜在的社会和语言相关性的限制的分布分析和统计建模表明,这些变化并不是在各种英语之间平行发展的。强有力的语言模式暗示了一个系统的潜在解释。这个领域的新补充出现在谓语位置和作为独立的位置,并在后来扩展到定语位置。最后,与之前关于形容词和(强化)副词的研究结果一致,它们与社会趋势和流行文化有显著的联系,肯定了开放阶级类别与其社会语言学嵌入之间的联系。
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引用次数: 9
Foreign (a) in North American English: Variation and Change in Loan Phonology 北美英语中的外来语(a):外来语语音的变异与变化
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-01-11 DOI: 10.1177/0075424219896397
Charles Boberg
Previous research has shown that Canadian English displays a unique pattern of nativizing the stressed vowel of foreign words spelled with the letter , like lava, pasta, and spa, known as foreign (a), with more use of /æ/ (the trap vowel) and less use of /ah/ (the palm vowel) than American English. This paper analyzes one hundred examples of foreign (a), produced by sixty-one Canadian and thirty-one American English-speakers, in order to shed more light on this pattern and its current development. Acoustic analysis is used to determine whether each participant assigns each vowel to English /æ/, /ah/, or an intermediate category between /æ/ and /ah/. It reports that the Canadian pattern, though still distinct, is converging with the American pattern, in that Canadians now use slightly more /ah/ than /æ/; that men appear to lead this change but this is because they participate less than women do in the Short Front (Canadian) Vowel Shift; that intermediate vowel assignments are comparatively rare, suggesting that a new low-central vowel phoneme is not emerging; that the Canadian tendency toward American pronunciation is not well aligned with overt attitudes toward the United States and American English; and that the national differences in foreign (a) assignment result not from structural, phonological differences between the dialects so much as from a complex set of sociocultural factors.
先前的研究表明,加拿大英语显示出一种独特的模式,即将与字母拼写在一起的外来词的重读元音本土化,如lava、pasta和spa,被称为foreign (a),与美国英语相比,加拿大英语更多地使用/æ/(陷阱元音),而较少使用/ah/(手掌元音)。本文分析了61位加拿大英语使用者和31位美国英语使用者的100个foreign (a)例句,以进一步了解这一模式及其发展现状。声学分析用于确定每个参与者是否将每个元音分配给英语/æ/, /ah/,或/æ/和/ah/之间的中间类别。报告称,加拿大的模式虽然仍然不同,但正在向美国的模式靠拢,因为加拿大人现在使用/ah/的频率略高于/æ/;男性似乎引领了这一变化,但这是因为他们在短前(加拿大)元音移位中参与的比女性少;中间元音分配相对较少,这表明新的低中心元音音素没有出现;加拿大人对美式发音的倾向与对美国和美式英语的公开态度不太一致;外国(a)分配的民族差异不是由方言之间的结构和语音差异造成的,而是由一系列复杂的社会文化因素造成的。
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引用次数: 14
Book Review: Topicalization in Asian Englishes: Forms, functions, and frequencies of a fronting construction 书评:亚洲英语中的话题化:前置结构的形式、功能和频率
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-01-08 DOI: 10.1177/0075424219896402
Cristina Suárez‐Gómez
Biber, Douglas, Susan Conrad & Randi Reppen. 1998. Corpus linguistics: Investigating language structure and use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hunston, Susan. 2002. Corpora in applied linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kennedy, Graeme D. 1998. An introduction to corpus linguistics. London: Longman. Lindquist, Hans. 2009. Corpus linguistics and the description of English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Lu, Xiaofei. 2014. Computational methods for corpus annotation and analysis. Dordrecht: Springer. Lüdeling, Anke & Merja Kytö (eds.). 2009. Corpus linguistics: An international handbook, vols. 1, 2. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. McEnery, Tony & Andrew Hardie. 2011. Corpus linguistics: Method, theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McEnery, Tony, Richard Xiao & Yukio Tono. 2006. Corpus-based language studies: An advanced resource book. London: Routledge. O’Keeffe, Anne & Michael McCarthy (eds.). 2010. The Routledge handbook of corpus linguistics. London: Routledge. Taylor, Charlotte. 2008. What is corpus linguistics? What the data says. ICAME Journal 32. 179-200. Teubert, Wolfgang & Anna Čermáková. 2007. Corpus linguistics: A short introduction. London: Continuum.
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引用次数: 0
Book Review: Corpus Linguistics and the Description of English (2nd edition) 书评:语料库语言学与英语描述(第二版)
IF 0.8 2区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/0075424219896604
Xiaofei Lu
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of English Linguistics
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