Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1177/00754242231173720
P. Collins
This study explores the distribution of modals and quasi-modals in the twenty English dialects represented in the Global Web-based English Corpus (GloWbE). Intervarietal trends are observed across and within the Englishes of the “Inner circle” and “Outer circle.” Ratios calculated for onomasiological pairings of modal expressions suggest that Inner circle varieties tend to be associated more closely than Outer circle varieties—and “epicentral” varieties more so than non-epicentral ones—with trends of frequency change that have been identified in previous diachronic studies of the reference varieties, British and American English. A further type of change is revealed by semantic analysis: Inner circle varieties tend to embrace epistemic modality more readily than Outer circle varieties. Possible explanations considered for intervarietal differences include areal proximity, epicentrality, evolutionary status, and colloquiality.
{"title":"Modals and Quasi-Modals in English World-Wide","authors":"P. Collins","doi":"10.1177/00754242231173720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231173720","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the distribution of modals and quasi-modals in the twenty English dialects represented in the Global Web-based English Corpus (GloWbE). Intervarietal trends are observed across and within the Englishes of the “Inner circle” and “Outer circle.” Ratios calculated for onomasiological pairings of modal expressions suggest that Inner circle varieties tend to be associated more closely than Outer circle varieties—and “epicentral” varieties more so than non-epicentral ones—with trends of frequency change that have been identified in previous diachronic studies of the reference varieties, British and American English. A further type of change is revealed by semantic analysis: Inner circle varieties tend to embrace epistemic modality more readily than Outer circle varieties. Possible explanations considered for intervarietal differences include areal proximity, epicentrality, evolutionary status, and colloquiality.","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"265 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46926987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-02DOI: 10.1177/00754242231175863
M. Durham
{"title":"Book Reviews: Accent in North American Film and Television: A Sociophonetic Analysis","authors":"M. Durham","doi":"10.1177/00754242231175863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231175863","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"294 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46909329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-12DOI: 10.1177/00754242231171392
M. Pinson
This paper documents the constructionalization of by the same token. Originally, the word same in this phrase did not encode similarity but functioned as an identification emphasizer and a marker of syntactic dependency between the evidential noun token and the clause that followed it. By the same token then acted as a complex subordinator introducing a justification. The data suggest that two non-compositional uses developed from the evidential subordinator during the seventeenth century: a digressive discourse marker and a subordinator combining high degree and consequence. Faced with polysemy and lack of transparency, speakers/hearers then reintroduced some compositionality to the phrase by assigning to same the meaning of similarity that it had elsewhere. From this partial recompositionalization stems today’s elaborative discourse marker. Originally used to connect two consequences of the same premise, it then extended its connective value. It is now polyfunctional and is even often used to connect two contrasting statements. There are signs that it is now often treated by speakers as a member of a constructional network of adversative discourse markers.
{"title":"Decompositionalization and Partial Recompositionalization: The Emergence of by the Same Token as a Polyfunctional Discourse Marker","authors":"M. Pinson","doi":"10.1177/00754242231171392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231171392","url":null,"abstract":"This paper documents the constructionalization of by the same token. Originally, the word same in this phrase did not encode similarity but functioned as an identification emphasizer and a marker of syntactic dependency between the evidential noun token and the clause that followed it. By the same token then acted as a complex subordinator introducing a justification. The data suggest that two non-compositional uses developed from the evidential subordinator during the seventeenth century: a digressive discourse marker and a subordinator combining high degree and consequence. Faced with polysemy and lack of transparency, speakers/hearers then reintroduced some compositionality to the phrase by assigning to same the meaning of similarity that it had elsewhere. From this partial recompositionalization stems today’s elaborative discourse marker. Originally used to connect two consequences of the same premise, it then extended its connective value. It is now polyfunctional and is even often used to connect two contrasting statements. There are signs that it is now often treated by speakers as a member of a constructional network of adversative discourse markers.","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"236 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48906684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1177/00754242231173417
S. Levey
Leitner, Magdalena & Andreas H. Jucker. 2021. Historical sociopragmatics. In Michael Haugh, Dániel Kádár & Marina Terkourafi (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of sociopragmatics, 687-709. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Samuels, M. L. 1963. Some applications of Middle English dialectology. English Studies 44 (1-6). 81-94. Scase, Wendy. 2022. Visible English: Graphic culture, scribal practice, and identity, c.700-c.1550. Turnhout: Brepols. Smith, Jeremy J. 2017. The afterlives of Nicholas Love. Studia Neophilologica 89(S1). 59-74. Smith, Jeremy J. 2020. On scriptae: Correlating spelling and script in Late Middle English. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses 80. 13-27.
Leitner，Magdalena和Andreas H.Jucker。2021.历史社会语用学。Michael Haugh，Dániel KáDár和Marina Terkourafi（编辑），剑桥社会语用学手册，687-709。剑桥：剑桥大学出版社。Samuels，M.L.，1963年。中古英语方言学的一些应用。英语研究44（1-6）。骗局，温蒂。2022.可见英语：图形文化、涂鸦实践和身份认同，约700-c.1550。Turnhout:Brepols。Jeremy J.Smith，2017。尼古拉斯·洛夫的余生。新文献学89（S1）。59-74.Smith，Jeremy J.2020。关于scriptae：中古晚期英语中拼写和脚本的关联。Ingleses Canaria de Estudios评论80。13-27。
{"title":"Book Review: Earlier North American Englishes. Varieties of English Around the World","authors":"S. Levey","doi":"10.1177/00754242231173417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231173417","url":null,"abstract":"Leitner, Magdalena & Andreas H. Jucker. 2021. Historical sociopragmatics. In Michael Haugh, Dániel Kádár & Marina Terkourafi (eds.), The Cambridge handbook of sociopragmatics, 687-709. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Samuels, M. L. 1963. Some applications of Middle English dialectology. English Studies 44 (1-6). 81-94. Scase, Wendy. 2022. Visible English: Graphic culture, scribal practice, and identity, c.700-c.1550. Turnhout: Brepols. Smith, Jeremy J. 2017. The afterlives of Nicholas Love. Studia Neophilologica 89(S1). 59-74. Smith, Jeremy J. 2020. On scriptae: Correlating spelling and script in Late Middle English. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses 80. 13-27.","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"199 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46066690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.1177/00754242231163264
David Lorenz
Starting from the assumption that grammaticalization is rooted in situated language use, the present study tests the connection between functional reanalysis and formal reduction with a synchronic approach. It investigates a case of potential (but not actuated) grammaticalization in Present-Day English, the use of epistemic phrases of the type it could/might be (that), which can serve an adverbial function and undergo formal reduction in analogy to maybe. These phrases are analyzed in British English (spoken data and informal writing) for their syntactic complementation and for omission of the expletive subject it. The results show that omission rates are overall higher in “critical contexts,” that is, where the item is structurally ambiguous between a clause and an adverbial, though other usage types, such as idioms, may promote it-omission too. The findings suggest that formal reduction (it-omission) is connected to incipient/potential grammaticalization (critical contexts) even in the absence of a diachronic grammaticalization process. Thus, they provide evidence that the oft-observed correspondence between functional and formal changes emerges immediately in synchronic language use. A possible interpretation is that certain linguistic elements have a base potential for being put to more grammatical uses; while these uses need not initiate change, speakers tend to adapt the form to its function.
本研究从语法化根植于情境语言使用的假设出发，用共时性方法检验了功能再分析与形式还原之间的联系。它研究了现代英语中潜在的(但不是驱动的)语法化的一个例子，即It could/might be (that)类型的认知短语的使用，它可以充当状语的功能，并在类比中经过形式还原为maybe。分析了这些短语在英式英语(口语和非正式写作)中的句法补语和省略的骂人主语it。结果表明，在“关键语境”中，省略率总体上更高，也就是说，在从句和状语之间，项目在结构上是模棱两可的，尽管其他使用类型，如习语，也可能促进它省略。研究结果表明，即使在没有历时语法化过程的情况下，形式还原(省略)也与早期/潜在的语法化(关键语境)有关。因此，他们提供的证据表明，经常观察到的功能和形式变化之间的对应关系在共时语言使用中立即出现。一种可能的解释是，某些语言元素具有被用于更多语法用途的基本潜力;虽然这些用法不必引起变化，但说话者倾向于使形式适应其功能。
{"title":"Could Be it’s Grammaticalization: Usage Patterns of the Epistemic Phrases (it) Could/Might Be","authors":"David Lorenz","doi":"10.1177/00754242231163264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231163264","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from the assumption that grammaticalization is rooted in situated language use, the present study tests the connection between functional reanalysis and formal reduction with a synchronic approach. It investigates a case of potential (but not actuated) grammaticalization in Present-Day English, the use of epistemic phrases of the type it could/might be (that), which can serve an adverbial function and undergo formal reduction in analogy to maybe. These phrases are analyzed in British English (spoken data and informal writing) for their syntactic complementation and for omission of the expletive subject it. The results show that omission rates are overall higher in “critical contexts,” that is, where the item is structurally ambiguous between a clause and an adverbial, though other usage types, such as idioms, may promote it-omission too. The findings suggest that formal reduction (it-omission) is connected to incipient/potential grammaticalization (critical contexts) even in the absence of a diachronic grammaticalization process. Thus, they provide evidence that the oft-observed correspondence between functional and formal changes emerges immediately in synchronic language use. A possible interpretation is that certain linguistic elements have a base potential for being put to more grammatical uses; while these uses need not initiate change, speakers tend to adapt the form to its function.","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"133 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42749633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-23DOI: 10.1177/00754242231163849
Nathalie Dajko, Katie Carmichael
In this paper, we present a focused perceptual dialectology study of variation in a single metropolitan area: New Orleans, Louisiana, long overlooked by linguists. We asked participants to complete a map-drawing activity using two maps, one of the city and its nearest suburbs, and one of the larger cultural zone. We also added the dimension of time by additionally asking participants to complete a map showing changes that have occurred since Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which we identified as a catalyst for an increase in the rate of demographic change in the city. The results show that, unlike similar participants in other studies, African American and white New Orleanians draw the same city but label it differently, suggesting they occupy the same space but live in different places. When considering change over time, participants highlighted differences in the ethnic makeup of the city. We conclude that ethnicity in New Orleans is a key—if not the key—driver of perception both of linguistic variation and of change. With this study we confirm the importance of working with local actors to understand the way language practices map onto speakers’ understandings of space and place and the ways they may influence variation and change. The findings we present here provide us with key questions that will strengthen the results of production studies currently underway, demonstrating the significance of such work as a corollary to production studies.
{"title":"Plus ça Change. . . Perceptions of New Orleans English Before and After the Storm","authors":"Nathalie Dajko, Katie Carmichael","doi":"10.1177/00754242231163849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231163849","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a focused perceptual dialectology study of variation in a single metropolitan area: New Orleans, Louisiana, long overlooked by linguists. We asked participants to complete a map-drawing activity using two maps, one of the city and its nearest suburbs, and one of the larger cultural zone. We also added the dimension of time by additionally asking participants to complete a map showing changes that have occurred since Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which we identified as a catalyst for an increase in the rate of demographic change in the city. The results show that, unlike similar participants in other studies, African American and white New Orleanians draw the same city but label it differently, suggesting they occupy the same space but live in different places. When considering change over time, participants highlighted differences in the ethnic makeup of the city. We conclude that ethnicity in New Orleans is a key—if not the key—driver of perception both of linguistic variation and of change. With this study we confirm the importance of working with local actors to understand the way language practices map onto speakers’ understandings of space and place and the ways they may influence variation and change. The findings we present here provide us with key questions that will strengthen the results of production studies currently underway, demonstrating the significance of such work as a corollary to production studies.","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"95 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45536110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-23DOI: 10.1177/00754242231168138
Matti Peikola
Anchimbe, Eric A. 2018. Review of Ugandan English: Its sociolinguistics, structure and uses in a globalizing post-protectorate, by Christiane Meierkord, Bebwa Isingoma & Saudah Namyalo (eds.). English World-Wide 39(1). 117-121. Biewer, Carolin. 2011. Modal auxiliaries in second language varieties of English: A learner’s perspective. In Joybrato Mukherjee & Marianne Hundt (eds.), Exploring second language varieties of English and learner Englishes, 7-33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Buschfeld, Sarah. 2013. English in Cyprus or Cyprus English? An empirical investigation of variety status. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Isingoma, Bebwa. 2016. Languages in East Africa: Policies, practices and perspectives. Sociolinguistic Studies 10(3). 433-454. Michieka, Martha M. 2009. Expanding circles within outer circles: The rural Kisii in Kenya. World Englishes 28(3). 352-364. Schneider, Edgar W. 2007. Postcolonial English: Varieties around the world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schröder, Anne & Klaus P. Schneider. 2018. Variational pragmatics, responses to thanks, and the specificity of English in Namibia. English World-Wide 39(3). 338-363.
Eric A. Anchimbe, 2018。回顾乌干达英语:其社会语言学、结构和在全球化后保护国的使用，作者:Christiane Meierkord, Bebwa Isingoma & Saudah Namyalo(编)。世界英语39(1)。117 - 121。卡洛琳·比维尔，2011。英语第二语言变体的情态助动词:一个学习者的视角。在Joybrato Mukherjee & Marianne Hundt(编)，探索英语和学习者英语的第二语言变体，7-33。阿姆斯特丹:约翰·本杰明。莎拉·布施菲尔德，2013。塞浦路斯英语还是塞浦路斯英语?品种状况的实证研究。阿姆斯特丹:约翰·本杰明。伊辛戈马，贝布瓦，2016。东非的语言:政策、实践和观点。社会语言学研究10(3)。433 - 454。玛莎·m·米琪卡2009。在外圈中扩大圈子:肯尼亚农村的基希人。世界英语28(3)。352 - 364。施耐德，埃德加W. 2007。后殖民英语:世界各地的各种英语。剑桥:剑桥大学出版社。Schröder, Anne & Klaus P. Schneider. 2018。变分语用学，对感谢的回应，以及纳米比亚英语的特殊性。世界英语39(3)。338 - 363。
{"title":"Book Review: Transforming Early English: The Reinvention of Early English and Older Scots","authors":"Matti Peikola","doi":"10.1177/00754242231168138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231168138","url":null,"abstract":"Anchimbe, Eric A. 2018. Review of Ugandan English: Its sociolinguistics, structure and uses in a globalizing post-protectorate, by Christiane Meierkord, Bebwa Isingoma & Saudah Namyalo (eds.). English World-Wide 39(1). 117-121. Biewer, Carolin. 2011. Modal auxiliaries in second language varieties of English: A learner’s perspective. In Joybrato Mukherjee & Marianne Hundt (eds.), Exploring second language varieties of English and learner Englishes, 7-33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Buschfeld, Sarah. 2013. English in Cyprus or Cyprus English? An empirical investigation of variety status. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Isingoma, Bebwa. 2016. Languages in East Africa: Policies, practices and perspectives. Sociolinguistic Studies 10(3). 433-454. Michieka, Martha M. 2009. Expanding circles within outer circles: The rural Kisii in Kenya. World Englishes 28(3). 352-364. Schneider, Edgar W. 2007. Postcolonial English: Varieties around the world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Schröder, Anne & Klaus P. Schneider. 2018. Variational pragmatics, responses to thanks, and the specificity of English in Namibia. English World-Wide 39(3). 338-363.","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"195 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48831563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.1177/00754242231163844
D. Ziegeler
One of the problems challenging formal semantic studies of evidentiality is that reportative evidentials are not always representative of the speaker’s endorsement of the truth of the propositions they qualify. Accordingly, many of the functions of the reportative evidential according to NP in English are often ambiguous as to the speaker’s endorsement of the propositions over which they have scope. The present study, using three diachronic corpora, traces the evolution of evidential meanings in according to NP since Middle English times from its origins in a progressive aspect construction and its later shift from a manner adverbial function to a reportative evidential used to justify the speaker’s subjective beliefs. The article shows that the presence of comparative contexts, multiple information sources, or co-occurrence with adversative clauses contributes to the use of the reportative as a dubitative, marking the gradual objectification of the proposition qualified by according to and coinciding closely with the introduction of the complex preposition in accordance with in the late eighteenth century. I argue that the diachronic development of according to NP as an evidential marker represents a case of co-optation rather than grammaticalization.
{"title":"According to NP: A Diachronic Perspective on a Skeptical Evidential","authors":"D. Ziegeler","doi":"10.1177/00754242231163844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231163844","url":null,"abstract":"One of the problems challenging formal semantic studies of evidentiality is that reportative evidentials are not always representative of the speaker’s endorsement of the truth of the propositions they qualify. Accordingly, many of the functions of the reportative evidential according to NP in English are often ambiguous as to the speaker’s endorsement of the propositions over which they have scope. The present study, using three diachronic corpora, traces the evolution of evidential meanings in according to NP since Middle English times from its origins in a progressive aspect construction and its later shift from a manner adverbial function to a reportative evidential used to justify the speaker’s subjective beliefs. The article shows that the presence of comparative contexts, multiple information sources, or co-occurrence with adversative clauses contributes to the use of the reportative as a dubitative, marking the gradual objectification of the proposition qualified by according to and coinciding closely with the introduction of the complex preposition in accordance with in the late eighteenth century. I argue that the diachronic development of according to NP as an evidential marker represents a case of co-optation rather than grammaticalization.","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"162 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48570549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-10DOI: 10.1177/00754242231157434
Bebwa Isingoma
{"title":"Book Review: The Dynamics of English in Namibia: Perspectives on an Emerging Variety","authors":"Bebwa Isingoma","doi":"10.1177/00754242231157434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242231157434","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"191 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41399242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1177/00754242221145164
D. Denis, Vidhya Elango, Nur Sakinah Nor Kamal, Srishti Prashar, Maria Velasco
While multiethnolects have been documented in major European metropolises over the last several decades, no such varieties have been reported in North America. This is surprising given the high degree of global immigration in many North American cities. We consider Toronto, Ontario, one of the most multicultural cities in the world, and explore the features of a Multicultural Toronto English. Data comes from young people in an ethnolinguistically diverse region of the Greater Toronto Area. We investigate five vocalic phenomena: goose fronting, the Canadian Vowel Shift, Canadian raising, ban/bag tensing, and goat monophthongization. Our results indicate a great deal of interspeaker variability with some suggestion that young, immigrant men are least likely to produce normative Canadian English patterns. However, a lack of cohesion in covariation between phenomena is consistent with a multiethnolect as understood as a variable repertoire. We argue that Multicultural Toronto English represents linguistic alterity and a means of everyday resistance for young Torontonians.
{"title":"Exploring the Vowel Space of Multicultural Toronto English","authors":"D. Denis, Vidhya Elango, Nur Sakinah Nor Kamal, Srishti Prashar, Maria Velasco","doi":"10.1177/00754242221145164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00754242221145164","url":null,"abstract":"While multiethnolects have been documented in major European metropolises over the last several decades, no such varieties have been reported in North America. This is surprising given the high degree of global immigration in many North American cities. We consider Toronto, Ontario, one of the most multicultural cities in the world, and explore the features of a Multicultural Toronto English. Data comes from young people in an ethnolinguistically diverse region of the Greater Toronto Area. We investigate five vocalic phenomena: goose fronting, the Canadian Vowel Shift, Canadian raising, ban/bag tensing, and goat monophthongization. Our results indicate a great deal of interspeaker variability with some suggestion that young, immigrant men are least likely to produce normative Canadian English patterns. However, a lack of cohesion in covariation between phenomena is consistent with a multiethnolect as understood as a variable repertoire. We argue that Multicultural Toronto English represents linguistic alterity and a means of everyday resistance for young Torontonians.","PeriodicalId":51803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English Linguistics","volume":"51 1","pages":"30 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42828406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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