Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2003233
C. Cropp, B. Claaßen
Abstract The axis interpersonal relations of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis in Childhood and Adolescence (OPD-CA-2; OPD-CA-2 Task Force, OPD-CA-2. Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis in Childhood and Adolescence. Theoretical Basis and User Manual. Hogrefe, 2017) allows to describe how children and adolescents handle relationships both with relevant attachment figures (e.g., parents) and with the examiner in a standardized way. In the current study, the axis interpersonal relations was used in an inpatient adolescent sample. The aim of the study was to identify typical relationship patterns depending on the patients’ structural level. By inspecting the relationship patterns of all ratings, we identified three groups of patients: The first group included patients with a limited structural level and clearly recognizable intrapsychic conflict dynamics (“focus: conflict”), the second group included patients with a low structural level (“focus: structure”), and the third group included patients who had been exposed to severe traumatic experiences with relevant attachment figures (“focus: trauma”). The relationship characteristics of these three groups were described and illustrated by prototypical cases. Conclusions for clinical practice were discussed as well.
{"title":"The OPD-CA-2 axis interpersonal relations: A helpful tool for treatment planning? Relationship patterns of adolescent patients with persistent intrapsychic conflicts, structural deficits and trauma sequelae disorders","authors":"C. Cropp, B. Claaßen","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.2003233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.2003233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The axis interpersonal relations of the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis in Childhood and Adolescence (OPD-CA-2; OPD-CA-2 Task Force, OPD-CA-2. Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis in Childhood and Adolescence. Theoretical Basis and User Manual. Hogrefe, 2017) allows to describe how children and adolescents handle relationships both with relevant attachment figures (e.g., parents) and with the examiner in a standardized way. In the current study, the axis interpersonal relations was used in an inpatient adolescent sample. The aim of the study was to identify typical relationship patterns depending on the patients’ structural level. By inspecting the relationship patterns of all ratings, we identified three groups of patients: The first group included patients with a limited structural level and clearly recognizable intrapsychic conflict dynamics (“focus: conflict”), the second group included patients with a low structural level (“focus: structure”), and the third group included patients who had been exposed to severe traumatic experiences with relevant attachment figures (“focus: trauma”). The relationship characteristics of these three groups were described and illustrated by prototypical cases. Conclusions for clinical practice were discussed as well.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"326 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45513919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2001681
Aslı Akın, I. Seiffge-Krenke, A. Obbarius, M. Reitzle, Lea Sarrar
Abstract The present study aims at determining the associations between various dimensions of parenting behavior and the predominance of psychodynamic conflicts. Psychodynamic conflicts are described as non-integrated, temporally persistent, contradictory perspectives of experience and action. The OPD Conflict Questionnaires for children and adults, as well as both the children’s and parents’ versions of the Zurich Brief Questionnaire for the Assessment of Parental Behaviors were used to assess psychodynamic conflicts and parenting behavior in a sample comprising 221 healthy adolescents, 132 mothers, and 76 fathers, respectively. We found that a) controlling parenting behavior decreases with increasing age of adolescents, that b) girls tend to have passive identity and self-worth conflicts, while boys more often have an active oedipal conflict, and that c) girls perceive more maternal warmth and support than boys do. While perceived parental psychological control, especially by mothers, was positively associated with psychodynamic conflicts in adolescents, parental warmth and behavioral control were negatively associated with psychodynamic conflicts in adolescents. The reports from the parents on their parenting dimensions were partly associated with their own psychodynamic conflicts as well as with the conflicts of both their partners and children, respectively. Our findings show that psychodynamic conflicts and psychologically controlling parenting behavior do not only exist in families in which members suffer from mental illnesses but also in “healthy” families. Furthermore, the strong interrelations between psychodynamic conflicts and perceived parenting behavior of both parents and adolescents underline the need for integrated family therapy when adolescents become mentally ill.
{"title":"Parenting behavior and psychodynamic conflicts: Cross-sectional findings in a normative sample of adolescents and their parents","authors":"Aslı Akın, I. Seiffge-Krenke, A. Obbarius, M. Reitzle, Lea Sarrar","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.2001681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.2001681","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study aims at determining the associations between various dimensions of parenting behavior and the predominance of psychodynamic conflicts. Psychodynamic conflicts are described as non-integrated, temporally persistent, contradictory perspectives of experience and action. The OPD Conflict Questionnaires for children and adults, as well as both the children’s and parents’ versions of the Zurich Brief Questionnaire for the Assessment of Parental Behaviors were used to assess psychodynamic conflicts and parenting behavior in a sample comprising 221 healthy adolescents, 132 mothers, and 76 fathers, respectively. We found that a) controlling parenting behavior decreases with increasing age of adolescents, that b) girls tend to have passive identity and self-worth conflicts, while boys more often have an active oedipal conflict, and that c) girls perceive more maternal warmth and support than boys do. While perceived parental psychological control, especially by mothers, was positively associated with psychodynamic conflicts in adolescents, parental warmth and behavioral control were negatively associated with psychodynamic conflicts in adolescents. The reports from the parents on their parenting dimensions were partly associated with their own psychodynamic conflicts as well as with the conflicts of both their partners and children, respectively. Our findings show that psychodynamic conflicts and psychologically controlling parenting behavior do not only exist in families in which members suffer from mental illnesses but also in “healthy” families. Furthermore, the strong interrelations between psychodynamic conflicts and perceived parenting behavior of both parents and adolescents underline the need for integrated family therapy when adolescents become mentally ill.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"359 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47084258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2001678
F. Escher, Lea Sarrar, I. Seiffge-Krenke
Abstract Unconscious conflicts are characterized as temporally persistent, contradictory perspectives of feelings and experiences, which the individual tries to integrate by using an active or passive mode. According to OPD-CA, seven conflict issues can be measured: Closeness versus Distance, Submission versus Control, Taking care of oneself versus Being cared for, Self-worth conflict, Guilt conflict, Oedipal conflict, and an Identity conflict. This study investigates one of the premises of the OPD-CA, that unconscious conflicts occur in healthy children and adolescents just as they do in patients of the same age, but to a much larger extent in patients, so that they downright may lead to symptoms. 299 healthy adolescents and 283 patients (mean age 17.10, SD = 1.94) were examined by using the self-rating of the conflict questionnaire (OPD-CA-CQ). The results indeed show significantly higher conflict levels in the clinical group with a comparable ranking of the most important conflicts in both samples. Of note, the passive processing mode prevailed in both groups. Conceptually, this signifies, that topics such as loyalty towards parents, insecurity, and disorientation with regard to identity and sexuality concern all youth but impair the patient much more than the healthy youth. In conclusion, one of the premises of the conflict axis of the OPD-CA that the topics occur in all adolescents with substantially higher mean levels in the clinical group was confirmed.
{"title":"Differences in psychodynamic conflicts between healthy adolescents and adolescent patients: Results with the conflict questionnaire","authors":"F. Escher, Lea Sarrar, I. Seiffge-Krenke","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.2001678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.2001678","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Unconscious conflicts are characterized as temporally persistent, contradictory perspectives of feelings and experiences, which the individual tries to integrate by using an active or passive mode. According to OPD-CA, seven conflict issues can be measured: Closeness versus Distance, Submission versus Control, Taking care of oneself versus Being cared for, Self-worth conflict, Guilt conflict, Oedipal conflict, and an Identity conflict. This study investigates one of the premises of the OPD-CA, that unconscious conflicts occur in healthy children and adolescents just as they do in patients of the same age, but to a much larger extent in patients, so that they downright may lead to symptoms. 299 healthy adolescents and 283 patients (mean age 17.10, SD = 1.94) were examined by using the self-rating of the conflict questionnaire (OPD-CA-CQ). The results indeed show significantly higher conflict levels in the clinical group with a comparable ranking of the most important conflicts in both samples. Of note, the passive processing mode prevailed in both groups. Conceptually, this signifies, that topics such as loyalty towards parents, insecurity, and disorientation with regard to identity and sexuality concern all youth but impair the patient much more than the healthy youth. In conclusion, one of the premises of the conflict axis of the OPD-CA that the topics occur in all adolescents with substantially higher mean levels in the clinical group was confirmed.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"347 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2001683
K. Weitkamp, Sandra Claassen, S. Wiegand-Grefe, G. Romer
Abstract Psychodynamic therapies are effective in reducing mental health symptoms. However, little is known in terms of changes in the core psychodynamic concepts, like the structural level, interpersonal relatedness, and intrapsychic conflicts. The current study focused on these psychodynamic concepts – measured with the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis in Childhood and Adolescence (OPD-CA) – over the course of therapy and its relation to therapy outcome. Additionally, the OPD-CA axis treatment prerequisites was tested as a predictor of outcome. Therapists assessed the OPD-CA as well as the level of psychosocial impairment of 146 patients (aged M = 12.7 years, 62% female) at the beginning and end of therapy as part of a larger study on the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Structural level, interpersonal relations, and conflicts improved significantly over the course of therapy. Positive outcome was predicted by communicative abilities, positive self-relatedness and a high conflict level at the beginning of therapy as well as the improvement of these variables during therapy. Among the treatment prerequisites, only the subjective level of psychosocial impairment and the intrapsychic resources were predictive of outcome. Psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents may improve central psychodynamic concepts like structural level, interpersonal relations, and conflicts.
{"title":"Operationalized psychodynamic diagnosis in childhood and adolescence (OPD-CA): Changes across psychodynamic child and adolescent therapy","authors":"K. Weitkamp, Sandra Claassen, S. Wiegand-Grefe, G. Romer","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.2001683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.2001683","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Psychodynamic therapies are effective in reducing mental health symptoms. However, little is known in terms of changes in the core psychodynamic concepts, like the structural level, interpersonal relatedness, and intrapsychic conflicts. The current study focused on these psychodynamic concepts – measured with the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis in Childhood and Adolescence (OPD-CA) – over the course of therapy and its relation to therapy outcome. Additionally, the OPD-CA axis treatment prerequisites was tested as a predictor of outcome. Therapists assessed the OPD-CA as well as the level of psychosocial impairment of 146 patients (aged M = 12.7 years, 62% female) at the beginning and end of therapy as part of a larger study on the effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Structural level, interpersonal relations, and conflicts improved significantly over the course of therapy. Positive outcome was predicted by communicative abilities, positive self-relatedness and a high conflict level at the beginning of therapy as well as the improvement of these variables during therapy. Among the treatment prerequisites, only the subjective level of psychosocial impairment and the intrapsychic resources were predictive of outcome. Psychodynamic psychotherapy for children and adolescents may improve central psychodynamic concepts like structural level, interpersonal relations, and conflicts.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"315 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42681247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2012107
I. Seiffge-Krenke, S. Hau
This special issue deals with a new diagnostic system, the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostic for Children and Adolescents (OPD-CA-2). It has been an established instrument in the clinical context in German-speaking countries for several years. With the English version of the manual published in 2017, the Spanishand Turkish language version published in 2020 and 2021, the concept of operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics will spread even more widely internationally. We present in this special issue the initiatives and findings from contributors from Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Sweden and South America. The question of symptom diagnosis versus structure and conflict diagnosis currently occupies many therapists. The OPD-CA can be seen as a supplement to conventional diagnostics with the ICD-11 or the DSM-5. A symptom diagnosis can in no way be dispensed; it is the symptoms from which the patients and their families suffer and which ultimately lead to a diagnostic examination and, if necessary, to counseling, psychotherapeutic treatment or another indication. However, the mere determination of the symptoms is not sufficient for an efficient treatment, because symptoms can often change spontaneously or different symptoms occur simultaneously, so that a purely symptom-specific treatment may not be very effective. The Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics in Childhood and Adolescence (OPD-CA) therefore strives for a complex recording of psychodynamic processes that caused the symptoms and embeds them in the developmental context. The development concept is central and affects all aspects of the process, from the type of findings to the selection of relevant diagnostic categories to the process of diagnostic assessment on various content-related axes and finally, a treatment recommendation.
{"title":"The Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostic for Children and Adolescents (OPD-CA-2): a new diagnostic method to determine psychodynamic constructs","authors":"I. Seiffge-Krenke, S. Hau","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.2012107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.2012107","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue deals with a new diagnostic system, the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostic for Children and Adolescents (OPD-CA-2). It has been an established instrument in the clinical context in German-speaking countries for several years. With the English version of the manual published in 2017, the Spanishand Turkish language version published in 2020 and 2021, the concept of operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics will spread even more widely internationally. We present in this special issue the initiatives and findings from contributors from Switzerland, Austria, Germany, Sweden and South America. The question of symptom diagnosis versus structure and conflict diagnosis currently occupies many therapists. The OPD-CA can be seen as a supplement to conventional diagnostics with the ICD-11 or the DSM-5. A symptom diagnosis can in no way be dispensed; it is the symptoms from which the patients and their families suffer and which ultimately lead to a diagnostic examination and, if necessary, to counseling, psychotherapeutic treatment or another indication. However, the mere determination of the symptoms is not sufficient for an efficient treatment, because symptoms can often change spontaneously or different symptoms occur simultaneously, so that a purely symptom-specific treatment may not be very effective. The Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics in Childhood and Adolescence (OPD-CA) therefore strives for a complex recording of psychodynamic processes that caused the symptoms and embeds them in the developmental context. The development concept is central and affects all aspects of the process, from the type of findings to the selection of relevant diagnostic categories to the process of diagnostic assessment on various content-related axes and finally, a treatment recommendation.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"285 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2001679
I. Seiffge-Krenke
Abstract OPD-CA has set itself the goal of collecting important information that goes beyond diagnosis and are helpful for the indication of therapy and the planning of the therapeutic process. The focus of this article is the Conflict axis of the OPD-CA. Using the example of two patients who have the same diagnosis, F93, it is demonstrated that the same symptoms can be based on very different psychodynamic conflicts. These should be dealt with in therapy so that the development-hindering function of intrapsychic conflicts is eliminated. In addition, it makes sense to use other axes of the OPD-CA, such as Prerequisites for treatment, which gives information about the motivation of the patient and his or her resources, and the axis Structure, which examines the structural requirements for long-term psychodynamic therapy. This is also discussed in the two cases and some information on how to proceed in therapy is given. This concerns also additional work with the parents of the patients.
{"title":"One diagnosis—different conflicts: Using the OPD-CA conflict axis as tool for treatment planning","authors":"I. Seiffge-Krenke","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.2001679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.2001679","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract OPD-CA has set itself the goal of collecting important information that goes beyond diagnosis and are helpful for the indication of therapy and the planning of the therapeutic process. The focus of this article is the Conflict axis of the OPD-CA. Using the example of two patients who have the same diagnosis, F93, it is demonstrated that the same symptoms can be based on very different psychodynamic conflicts. These should be dealt with in therapy so that the development-hindering function of intrapsychic conflicts is eliminated. In addition, it makes sense to use other axes of the OPD-CA, such as Prerequisites for treatment, which gives information about the motivation of the patient and his or her resources, and the axis Structure, which examines the structural requirements for long-term psychodynamic therapy. This is also discussed in the two cases and some information on how to proceed in therapy is given. This concerns also additional work with the parents of the patients.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"300 - 307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47596870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.2001680
Nicolás Bagattini
Abstract Diagnosis has historically suffered from a lack of consensus around the categories or dimensions raised by the different psychopathological traditions. This is even more noticeable when working with children and adolescents. In this article, through the presentation of a case, the importance of performing a psychodynamic diagnosis in adolescence (in a complementary way to the categorical diagnosis) is highlighted, addressing the psychic structure, unconscious conflicts, and its relationship with the psychopathological presentation. The contributions of the OPD-CA-2 manual, and the self - report questionnaires derived from it for adolescent psychodynamic psychotherapy are discussed.
{"title":"Psychic structure, unconscious conflict and adolescent psychopathology: The contributions of OPD-CA–2","authors":"Nicolás Bagattini","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.2001680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.2001680","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diagnosis has historically suffered from a lack of consensus around the categories or dimensions raised by the different psychopathological traditions. This is even more noticeable when working with children and adolescents. In this article, through the presentation of a case, the importance of performing a psychodynamic diagnosis in adolescence (in a complementary way to the categorical diagnosis) is highlighted, addressing the psychic structure, unconscious conflicts, and its relationship with the psychopathological presentation. The contributions of the OPD-CA-2 manual, and the self - report questionnaires derived from it for adolescent psychodynamic psychotherapy are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"73 1","pages":"337 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47670919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.1945947
Oluf Gøtzsche-Astrup, Morten Brænder, Vilhelm Stefan Holsting
Abstract To what degree do future military officers resemble the traditional hierarchical leadership ideal, and to what degree do they resemble an emerging new kind of network-based leadership ideal? Military organizations are constantly changing in response to pressures from within the organization and surrounding society. Today, such changes exert themselves in novel recruitment strategies for a new generation of military leaders. Previous studies have shown how a new network-organizational paradigm has come to the fore in military leadership and officer recruitment. However, the core requirements of military leadership—remaining calm under pressure and demonstrating an ability to lead others and inspire followership—remain the same. Military psychological scholarship has often focused on subgroups within the military rather than general differences in personality between military and civilian populations. We remedy this limitation in the literature, and use the Big Five taxonomy and a unique dataset consisting of the personality profiles of an entire cohort of Danish officer cadets (n = 190) and a large (n = 1,568) Danish population-representative sample. We compare officer cadets to civilians using a three-level matching procedure, finding that the pool from which future military leaders are selected, the military cadets, are less neurotic, more extraverted and somewhat more conscientious than their civilian counterparts, traits that we theorize fit with the core requirements of traditional military leadership. The results indicate that cadets are no less open or agreeable than their civilian peers, traits that we theorize are related to a balancing towards the network-organizational paradigm.
{"title":"Network or hierarchy? Personality profiles of future military leaders","authors":"Oluf Gøtzsche-Astrup, Morten Brænder, Vilhelm Stefan Holsting","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1945947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1945947","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To what degree do future military officers resemble the traditional hierarchical leadership ideal, and to what degree do they resemble an emerging new kind of network-based leadership ideal? Military organizations are constantly changing in response to pressures from within the organization and surrounding society. Today, such changes exert themselves in novel recruitment strategies for a new generation of military leaders. Previous studies have shown how a new network-organizational paradigm has come to the fore in military leadership and officer recruitment. However, the core requirements of military leadership—remaining calm under pressure and demonstrating an ability to lead others and inspire followership—remain the same. Military psychological scholarship has often focused on subgroups within the military rather than general differences in personality between military and civilian populations. We remedy this limitation in the literature, and use the Big Five taxonomy and a unique dataset consisting of the personality profiles of an entire cohort of Danish officer cadets (n = 190) and a large (n = 1,568) Danish population-representative sample. We compare officer cadets to civilians using a three-level matching procedure, finding that the pool from which future military leaders are selected, the military cadets, are less neurotic, more extraverted and somewhat more conscientious than their civilian counterparts, traits that we theorize fit with the core requirements of traditional military leadership. The results indicate that cadets are no less open or agreeable than their civilian peers, traits that we theorize are related to a balancing towards the network-organizational paradigm.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"183 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19012276.2021.1945947","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43985849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-16DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.1922304
Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir, Ásrún Matthíasdóttir, J. Saavedra
Abstract This study's objectives were to analyse goal orientation and motivational climate in elite handball players as functions of age and gender; and construct a multivariate model explaining handball performance from a motivational perspective (orientation and climate). The participants were 174 national team handball players. They were categorized in accordance with the official age groups. Two questionnaires were used: Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2. A one-way ANOVA (Bonferroni post-hoc correction) was used to examine differences between teams for each gender. Discriminant analyses were performed to classify the participants of each team into two groups according to their performance level (starters and non-starters). There were no age or gender differences found in goal orientation, and very few differences in motivational climate. Except for the women's U19, U17, and U15 teams, it was possible to predict the performance level (starters and non-starters) in the different age and gender groups, achieving correct classification (55% to 93%). The two variables that were repeated most often (thrice) in the models were ego orientation and task cooperative learning. Coaches might focus on looking for handball players with ego orientation, while a climate of task-oriented motivation should predominate in training sessions.
{"title":"Orientation and motivational climate in elite handball players: Multivariate modeling of performance","authors":"Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir, Ásrún Matthíasdóttir, J. Saavedra","doi":"10.1080/19012276.2021.1922304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2021.1922304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study's objectives were to analyse goal orientation and motivational climate in elite handball players as functions of age and gender; and construct a multivariate model explaining handball performance from a motivational perspective (orientation and climate). The participants were 174 national team handball players. They were categorized in accordance with the official age groups. Two questionnaires were used: Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire and the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2. A one-way ANOVA (Bonferroni post-hoc correction) was used to examine differences between teams for each gender. Discriminant analyses were performed to classify the participants of each team into two groups according to their performance level (starters and non-starters). There were no age or gender differences found in goal orientation, and very few differences in motivational climate. Except for the women's U19, U17, and U15 teams, it was possible to predict the performance level (starters and non-starters) in the different age and gender groups, achieving correct classification (55% to 93%). The two variables that were repeated most often (thrice) in the models were ego orientation and task cooperative learning. Coaches might focus on looking for handball players with ego orientation, while a climate of task-oriented motivation should predominate in training sessions.","PeriodicalId":51815,"journal":{"name":"Nordic Psychology","volume":"74 1","pages":"125 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41455875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2021.1945948
Elvar Friðriksson, Haukur Freyr Gylfason, Vaka Vésteinsdóttir, J. F. Sigurdsson
Abstract Economic games have been shown to be an effective way to assess interpersonal impairment, which is associated with depression. Because trust is a key element in all social interaction, we tested whether trust, assessed with an economic game, is negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Participants (n = 163) took part in a distrust game and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS), and demographic questions. Multiple regression analysis estimated the relationship between the outcome of the distrust game and the cut-off scores of the PHQ-9, those of the DASS depression scale, and a depressive dichotomous score created using the cut-off scores from the PHQ-9 and the DASS depression subscale. The cut-off scores of the PHQ-9, the DASS depression scale, and the depressive dichotomous score separately predicted trust. The distrust game could be useful in further research into underlying mechanisms in interpersonal impairments and deficits in decision making in depression, which could lead to the development of interventions aimed at reducing the interpersonal impairments often associated with mental health.
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