Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1494787
G. Dardeniz
In this paper I revisit a glass female figurine discovered during the Tell el-Mutesellim (Megiddo) excavations at the beginning of the 20th century and exhibited in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums collection since 1904. A detailed analysis and interpretation of the artefact are presented in light of recent research on glass of the second millennium BCE in the Near East.
在这篇论文中，我回顾了20世纪初在Tell el Mutesellim（Megiddo）发掘中发现的一尊玻璃女性雕像，该雕像自1904年以来一直在伊斯坦布尔考古博物馆展出。根据最近对近东公元前两千年玻璃的研究，对这件文物进行了详细的分析和解释。
{"title":"Notes on the Megiddo Glass Figurine in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums","authors":"G. Dardeniz","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2018.1494787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2018.1494787","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I revisit a glass female figurine discovered during the Tell el-Mutesellim (Megiddo) excavations at the beginning of the 20th century and exhibited in the Istanbul Archaeology Museums collection since 1904. A detailed analysis and interpretation of the artefact are presented in light of recent research on glass of the second millennium BCE in the Near East.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"45 1","pages":"224 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2018.1494787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49619990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1494784
Omer Shalev
During the EB 1B1 in the southern Levant, in a cultural horizon locally known as the ‘Erani C Phase’, a massive fortification wall ca. 8 m wide was erected around the site of Tel Erani. By determining the tell's natural resources, the manpower available at the time of construction and the man-days required to build the fortification wall we are able to theorize about the society that built it. Based on previous research that focused on mudbrick construction, three options regarding the amount of labour required for building the wall are presented; all suggest that the erection of the wall required tens of thousands of work days. These options are examined in terms of the potential of the site's workforce, providing a scenario for the construction process, division of labour and bureaucratic management. This demonstrates that a major portion of the site's population contributed labour taxes towards the wall's construction and that perhaps there was also a need for an additional workforce drafted from Tel Erani's satellite settlements. The calculation and analysis of the labour needed for construction of the fortification wall of Tel Erani strongly points to a centralized political power with a sophisticated bureaucratic system, representative of the urbanization process.
{"title":"The Fortification Wall of Tel Erani: A Labour Perspective","authors":"Omer Shalev","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2018.1494784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2018.1494784","url":null,"abstract":"During the EB 1B1 in the southern Levant, in a cultural horizon locally known as the ‘Erani C Phase’, a massive fortification wall ca. 8 m wide was erected around the site of Tel Erani. By determining the tell's natural resources, the manpower available at the time of construction and the man-days required to build the fortification wall we are able to theorize about the society that built it. Based on previous research that focused on mudbrick construction, three options regarding the amount of labour required for building the wall are presented; all suggest that the erection of the wall required tens of thousands of work days. These options are examined in terms of the potential of the site's workforce, providing a scenario for the construction process, division of labour and bureaucratic management. This demonstrates that a major portion of the site's population contributed labour taxes towards the wall's construction and that perhaps there was also a need for an additional workforce drafted from Tel Erani's satellite settlements. The calculation and analysis of the labour needed for construction of the fortification wall of Tel Erani strongly points to a centralized political power with a sophisticated bureaucratic system, representative of the urbanization process.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"45 1","pages":"193 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2018.1494784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1494785
G. Lehmann, Oz Varoner
This study defines early Iron Age burials in Northern Israel as a coherent assemblage with traditions that are archaeologically distinguishable from those of northern Phoenician and southern Philistine societies. These burial traditions are distinct from funerary customs of the Late Bronze Age and Iron IIB. The study discusses the main developments and regional differentiations of early Iron Age burial traditions with an emphasis on their chronological contexts.
{"title":"Early Iron Age Tombs in Northern Israel Revisited","authors":"G. Lehmann, Oz Varoner","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2018.1494785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2018.1494785","url":null,"abstract":"This study defines early Iron Age burials in Northern Israel as a coherent assemblage with traditions that are archaeologically distinguishable from those of northern Phoenician and southern Philistine societies. These burial traditions are distinct from funerary customs of the Late Bronze Age and Iron IIB. The study discusses the main developments and regional differentiations of early Iron Age burial traditions with an emphasis on their chronological contexts.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"45 1","pages":"235 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2018.1494785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41358544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1494783
Aviad Agam, R. Barkai
The multi-layered Lower Paleolithic Late Acheulian site of Revadim has yielded rich lithic assemblages, including dozens of handaxes. These lithic assemblages are for the most part dominated by flake-production technologies and flake tools, as is the rule of thumb at many other Acheulian localities. This study presents the results of an analysis of Layer C3 at Revadim, focusing on several newly-explored aspects of the production of small, sharp flakes by means of lithic recycling. We present definitions of new typo-technological categories of cores-on-flakes and the small flakes produced from cores-on- flakes. We also present a typo-technological analysis of the tool types detected in the Layer C3 assemblage and provide an analysis of the degree of homogeneity of the flint types used for the manufacture of these small, sharp flakes. Our results demonstrate that the technological repertoire of Late Acheulian hominins was more complex than is commonly acknowledged, and that production of small flakes was an integral component within Lower Paleolithic technologies and activities.
{"title":"Small Flake Acheulian: Further Insights into Lithic Recycling at Late Acheulian Revadim, Israel","authors":"Aviad Agam, R. Barkai","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2018.1494783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2018.1494783","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-layered Lower Paleolithic Late Acheulian site of Revadim has yielded rich lithic assemblages, including dozens of handaxes. These lithic assemblages are for the most part dominated by flake-production technologies and flake tools, as is the rule of thumb at many other Acheulian localities. This study presents the results of an analysis of Layer C3 at Revadim, focusing on several newly-explored aspects of the production of small, sharp flakes by means of lithic recycling. We present definitions of new typo-technological categories of cores-on-flakes and the small flakes produced from cores-on- flakes. We also present a typo-technological analysis of the tool types detected in the Layer C3 assemblage and provide an analysis of the degree of homogeneity of the flint types used for the manufacture of these small, sharp flakes. Our results demonstrate that the technological repertoire of Late Acheulian hominins was more complex than is commonly acknowledged, and that production of small flakes was an integral component within Lower Paleolithic technologies and activities.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"45 1","pages":"170 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2018.1494783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49312968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1494790
D. Ussishkin
In a recent paper, Matthew J. Adams argued that the Egyptianized pottery cache discovered in the renewed excavations at Megiddo is a foundation deposit in Egyptian character of Megaron Temple 4040. This conclusion is partly based on his analysis of the stratigraphy of Area J (University of Chicago’s Area BB). The present response argues (1) that the stratigraphic conclusions made at the time by the excavators rather than those of Adams are correct, and (2) that the cache is not a foundation deposit.
在最近的一篇论文中，马修·j·亚当斯(Matthew J. Adams)认为，在米吉多重新发掘中发现的埃及化陶器是具有埃及特征的米加隆神庙4040的基础沉积物。这一结论部分是基于他对J区(芝加哥大学BB区)地层的分析。目前的回应认为(1)当时由挖掘者而不是亚当斯得出的地层结论是正确的，(2)贮藏物不是地基沉积物。
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Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1412057
Y. Baruch, R. Reich, Débora Sandhaus
Recent inspection by the Israel Antiquities Authority has shed light on several issues related to the history of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem:important data has been gathered regarding the character of the rock at the summit of the hill; knowledge of the drainage systems and the cisterns that have served the Temple Mount has been augmented; in several places ancient structures buried beneath layers of soil have been recorded; and several previously concealed architectural elements probably associated with the Second Temple period have been detected.
{"title":"A Decade of Archaeological Exploration on the Temple Mount","authors":"Y. Baruch, R. Reich, Débora Sandhaus","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2018.1412057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412057","url":null,"abstract":"Recent inspection by the Israel Antiquities Authority has shed light on several issues related to the history of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem:important data has been gathered regarding the character of the rock at the summit of the hill; knowledge of the drainage systems and the cisterns that have served the Temple Mount has been augmented; in several places ancient structures buried beneath layers of soil have been recorded; and several previously concealed architectural elements probably associated with the Second Temple period have been detected.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"45 1","pages":"22 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45049858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1412055
N. Na’aman
In this study I re-examine the vast literature that has grown around the work that Leonhard Rost called “the succession to the throne of David” (the Succession Narrative, or SN). I suggest that the SN is a unified literary composition that originally included 2 Samuel 13–19 and 1 Kings 1–2 and that it was composed at the time of King Manasseh in the first half of the 7th century BCE. The course of events rests in part on occurrences that took place in Assyria during the last years of Sennacherib and the early days of Esarhaddon. The author borrowed elements from an Assyrian oral story and fitted them to a plot he devised. In this creative manner he was able to adapt some major elements from the story of Esarhaddon’s accession to the throne and transplant them within his own work. Years later, the Deuteronomist wrote the story of David and Urijah, which culminates with Nathan’s prophecy of doom to David (2 Sam 11:2–12:25) and inserted it after the account of David’s successful wars against Israel’s neighbours. In this manner he explained the shift from the period of David’s rise and prosperity to the period of decline and the struggle among the members of the royal family over their father’s throne.
{"title":"Game of Thrones: Solomon’s ‘Succession Narrative’ and Esarhaddon’s Accession to the Throne","authors":"N. Na’aman","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2018.1412055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412055","url":null,"abstract":"In this study I re-examine the vast literature that has grown around the work that Leonhard Rost called “the succession to the throne of David” (the Succession Narrative, or SN). I suggest that the SN is a unified literary composition that originally included 2 Samuel 13–19 and 1 Kings 1–2 and that it was composed at the time of King Manasseh in the first half of the 7th century BCE. The course of events rests in part on occurrences that took place in Assyria during the last years of Sennacherib and the early days of Esarhaddon. The author borrowed elements from an Assyrian oral story and fitted them to a plot he devised. In this creative manner he was able to adapt some major elements from the story of Esarhaddon’s accession to the throne and transplant them within his own work. Years later, the Deuteronomist wrote the story of David and Urijah, which culminates with Nathan’s prophecy of doom to David (2 Sam 11:2–12:25) and inserted it after the account of David’s successful wars against Israel’s neighbours. In this manner he explained the shift from the period of David’s rise and prosperity to the period of decline and the struggle among the members of the royal family over their father’s throne.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"45 1","pages":"113 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42133486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1412054
I. Finkelstein, M. J. Adams, Zachary C. Dunseth, R. Shahack‐Gross
Conventional theory described two settlement waves in the Negev Highlands in the third millennium BCE—in the EB II and the Intermediate Bronze Age— and a period with no evidence for stone architecture between them in the EB III. Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley was presented as an EB I–II site, which lay deserted in the EB III. Old and new radiocarbon dates and other lines of evidence from the copper mining districts in the Arabah, Arad and the Negev Highlands make this scenario obsolete. The new data indicate a long period of activity in the south—throughout the Early Bronze and the first half of the Intermediate Bronze Age. Certain changes in the settlement patterns took place in the transition from the EB III to the Intermediate Bronze Age— abandonment of Arad and the rise of central trading sites within the Negev Highlands. Activity in the Negev Highlands was related to the copper industry in the Arabah and transportation of copper to the north and west. Demand for copper in Egypt played an important role in the settlement history of the arid regions: the peak prosperity in the EB III and first half of the Intermediate Bronze Age corresponds to the time of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and deterioration of the Negev system tallies with the collapse of the Old Kingdom ca. 2200 BCE. The data for the third millennium BCE enables the structuring and presentation of a broader model of human activity in the Negev Highlands and neighbouring regions in the Bronze and Iron Ages.
{"title":"The Archaeology and History of the Negev and Neighbouring Areas in the Third Millennium BCE: A New Paradigm","authors":"I. Finkelstein, M. J. Adams, Zachary C. Dunseth, R. Shahack‐Gross","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2018.1412054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412054","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional theory described two settlement waves in the Negev Highlands in the third millennium BCE—in the EB II and the Intermediate Bronze Age— and a period with no evidence for stone architecture between them in the EB III. Arad in the Beer-sheba Valley was presented as an EB I–II site, which lay deserted in the EB III. Old and new radiocarbon dates and other lines of evidence from the copper mining districts in the Arabah, Arad and the Negev Highlands make this scenario obsolete. The new data indicate a long period of activity in the south—throughout the Early Bronze and the first half of the Intermediate Bronze Age. Certain changes in the settlement patterns took place in the transition from the EB III to the Intermediate Bronze Age— abandonment of Arad and the rise of central trading sites within the Negev Highlands. Activity in the Negev Highlands was related to the copper industry in the Arabah and transportation of copper to the north and west. Demand for copper in Egypt played an important role in the settlement history of the arid regions: the peak prosperity in the EB III and first half of the Intermediate Bronze Age corresponds to the time of the Old Kingdom in Egypt and deterioration of the Negev system tallies with the collapse of the Old Kingdom ca. 2200 BCE. The data for the third millennium BCE enables the structuring and presentation of a broader model of human activity in the Negev Highlands and neighbouring regions in the Bronze and Iron Ages.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"45 1","pages":"63 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42744898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1412056
R. Reich
This is a response to a recent article by Regev, Szanton, Uziel, and Boaretto (2017), in which they suggested a new dating for the Gihon Spring Tower in Jerusalem—a dating they based on radiocarbon dates for samples extracted from under the outer side of its northeastern corner. The author maintains the original Middle Bronze Age dating of the tower, citing three arguments: 1) the samples taken for radiocarbon dating could have been embedded during flood events in the Kidron Valley; 2) the spot from which the samples were taken could have been an Iron Age renovation of the old Middle Bronze fortification; 3) the cyclopean construction of the tower resembles other Middle Bronze fortifications (e.g., at Gezer, Hebron and Shechem) and differs considerably from the Iron II fortifications in Judah in general and in Jerusalem in particular.
{"title":"The Date of the Gihon Spring Tower in Jerusalem","authors":"R. Reich","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2018.1412056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412056","url":null,"abstract":"This is a response to a recent article by Regev, Szanton, Uziel, and Boaretto (2017), in which they suggested a new dating for the Gihon Spring Tower in Jerusalem—a dating they based on radiocarbon dates for samples extracted from under the outer side of its northeastern corner. The author maintains the original Middle Bronze Age dating of the tower, citing three arguments: 1) the samples taken for radiocarbon dating could have been embedded during flood events in the Kidron Valley; 2) the spot from which the samples were taken could have been an Iron Age renovation of the old Middle Bronze fortification; 3) the cyclopean construction of the tower resembles other Middle Bronze fortifications (e.g., at Gezer, Hebron and Shechem) and differs considerably from the Iron II fortifications in Judah in general and in Jerusalem in particular.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"45 1","pages":"114 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44204809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2018.1412059
U. Avner
The Negev Desert has a rich variety of cult types that can be dated back as long as 9,000 years ago. The article focuses on the types that were dominant in the seventh to third millennia BCE, including standing stone maṣṣebot, open-air sanctuaries, burial grounds and ‘Rodedian’ sites. Descriptions and interpretations of where these cult types enable a comprehensive view in which desert societies reveal intensive cultic activity and fully-developed creeds signifying that they were not only the forerunners of religious concepts but actually influenced theological development in the settled lands of the ancient Near East.
{"title":"Protohistoric Developments of Religion and Cult in the Negev Desert1","authors":"U. Avner","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2018.1412059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412059","url":null,"abstract":"The Negev Desert has a rich variety of cult types that can be dated back as long as 9,000 years ago. The article focuses on the types that were dominant in the seventh to third millennia BCE, including standing stone maṣṣebot, open-air sanctuaries, burial grounds and ‘Rodedian’ sites. Descriptions and interpretations of where these cult types enable a comprehensive view in which desert societies reveal intensive cultic activity and fully-developed creeds signifying that they were not only the forerunners of religious concepts but actually influenced theological development in the settled lands of the ancient Near East.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"45 1","pages":"23 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2018.1412059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41928223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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