Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1968626
D. Fuks, G. Avni, G. Bar-Oz
One hundred fifty years have passed since the first published reference in modern Western scholarship to ancient wine production in the Negev Highland desert, and much is now known about its hydrological, climatic, agricultural, economic, social and political context. Yet, in 2020 two studies reached opposite conclusions regarding the extent and intensity of Negev Highland viticulture, its relationship to Byzantine ‘Gaza wine’ and the associated regional wine trade. This raises wider questions on how to evaluate apparently conflicting archaeological evidence for ancient microregional production and trade, with relevance to longstanding debates on the nature of the ancient Mediterranean economy and the onset of the Middle Ages in Europe. We survey previous research on Negev Highland viticulture, including the two most recent papers, demonstrating problems of equifinality in the calculations- based approach to ancient production/consumption, and clarifying our own position regarding the relationship between archaeologically attested Negev viticulture and ‘Gaza wine’ of Late Antique historical texts. We then analyse additional sources of new evidence contributing to a more holistic synthesis of Negev Highland wine production and trade. At this sesquicentennial commemoration of Negev viticulture’s historiography, we close with unresolved issues and promising directions for future research. 1
{"title":"The Debate on Negev Viticulture and Gaza Wine in Late Antiquity","authors":"D. Fuks, G. Avni, G. Bar-Oz","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1968626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1968626","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred fifty years have passed since the first published reference in modern Western scholarship to ancient wine production in the Negev Highland desert, and much is now known about its hydrological, climatic, agricultural, economic, social and political context. Yet, in 2020 two studies reached opposite conclusions regarding the extent and intensity of Negev Highland viticulture, its relationship to Byzantine ‘Gaza wine’ and the associated regional wine trade. This raises wider questions on how to evaluate apparently conflicting archaeological evidence for ancient microregional production and trade, with relevance to longstanding debates on the nature of the ancient Mediterranean economy and the onset of the Middle Ages in Europe. We survey previous research on Negev Highland viticulture, including the two most recent papers, demonstrating problems of equifinality in the calculations- based approach to ancient production/consumption, and clarifying our own position regarding the relationship between archaeologically attested Negev viticulture and ‘Gaza wine’ of Late Antique historical texts. We then analyse additional sources of new evidence contributing to a more holistic synthesis of Negev Highland wine production and trade. At this sesquicentennial commemoration of Negev viticulture’s historiography, we close with unresolved issues and promising directions for future research. 1","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"143 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43047343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1904677
Erin Hall
The article focuses on Megiddo hoards dating to the Late Bronze Age and Iron I. As many as 17 such hoards have been discovered thus far. One particular hoard, as yet unpublished, is presented. The remaining 16 hoards, several of which have never been identified as such, are cataloged. A classification of the hoards based on their ritual versus non-ritual nature is presented, as well as an analysis of other aspects of hoarding activity at Megiddo.
{"title":"Hoarding at Megiddo in the Late Bronze and Iron I","authors":"Erin Hall","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1904677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904677","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on Megiddo hoards dating to the Late Bronze Age and Iron I. As many as 17 such hoards have been discovered thus far. One particular hoard, as yet unpublished, is presented. The remaining 16 hoards, several of which have never been identified as such, are cataloged. A classification of the hoards based on their ritual versus non-ritual nature is presented, as well as an analysis of other aspects of hoarding activity at Megiddo.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"27 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43947842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1904680
I. Finkelstein, T. Römer, C. Nicolle, Zachary C. Dunseth, A. Kleiman, J. Mas, N. Porat, Naama Walzer
In this article we report the results of the second season of excavations at Kiriath-jearim (Deir el-ʿAzar). The following topics are emphasized: layout and date of the supposed monumental Iron IIB summit compound; nature of the Iron IIC settlement; date of the Hellenistic fortification; characteristics of the Early Roman period activity. An archaeo-historical analysis follows the presentation of the new data, including updates on past interpretations.
{"title":"Excavations at Kiriath-jearim, 2019: Preliminary Report","authors":"I. Finkelstein, T. Römer, C. Nicolle, Zachary C. Dunseth, A. Kleiman, J. Mas, N. Porat, Naama Walzer","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1904680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904680","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we report the results of the second season of excavations at Kiriath-jearim (Deir el-ʿAzar). The following topics are emphasized: layout and date of the supposed monumental Iron IIB summit compound; nature of the Iron IIC settlement; date of the Hellenistic fortification; characteristics of the Early Roman period activity. An archaeo-historical analysis follows the presentation of the new data, including updates on past interpretations.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"47 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45244025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the history of Jāmiʿh al-Sittīn, an Early Islamic building located south of Tel Shiloh. Based on an analysis of archaeological finds, architectural comparanda and Medieval travelers’ literature, we conclude that in the Early Islamic period, probably by the time of the Abbasid dynasty, a mosque was erected here; somewhat later in the same period, sloping walls were added in order to reinforce the building, possibly to adjust for the dome that was affixed to the roof. In the Mamluk period a vaulted room and courtyard were appended, and the building continued to be in use during the Ottoman period. We identify this building with the ‘Mosque of the Sak na’ (or ‘Dome of the Sak na’, ‘Domus Dei’) which is known from written sources.
这篇文章讨论了Jāmi al- sitt n的历史，这是一座位于Tel Shiloh南部的早期伊斯兰建筑。根据对考古发现、建筑对比和中世纪旅行者文献的分析，我们得出结论，在早期伊斯兰时期，可能在阿巴斯王朝时期，这里建立了一座清真寺;在同一时期的晚些时候，为了加固建筑物，可能是为了调整固定在屋顶上的圆顶。在马穆鲁克时期，又增加了一个拱形房间和庭院，直到奥斯曼帝国时期，这座建筑仍在使用。我们将这座建筑与“Sak na清真寺”(或“Sak na圆顶”，“Domus Dei”)联系起来，这是从书面资料中得知的。
{"title":"Jāmiʿ al-Sittīn—An Early Islamic Mosque near Tel Shiloh","authors":"Amichay Schwartz, Reut Livyatan-Ben-Arie, Peretz Reuvan","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1904685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904685","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the history of Jāmiʿh al-Sittīn, an Early Islamic building located south of Tel Shiloh. Based on an analysis of archaeological finds, architectural comparanda and Medieval travelers’ literature, we conclude that in the Early Islamic period, probably by the time of the Abbasid dynasty, a mosque was erected here; somewhat later in the same period, sloping walls were added in order to reinforce the building, possibly to adjust for the dome that was affixed to the roof. In the Mamluk period a vaulted room and courtyard were appended, and the building continued to be in use during the Ottoman period. We identify this building with the ‘Mosque of the Sak na’ (or ‘Dome of the Sak na’, ‘Domus Dei’) which is known from written sources.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"112 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42336495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1904675
Y. Adler, O. Lernau
The origins and early history of the pentateuchal prohibition against eating finless and scaleless aquatic species (Lev 11:9–12; Deut 14:9–10) has yet to merit a detailed investigation. The present study is an initiatory attempt to attend to this lacuna by analysing 56 zooarchaeological assemblages of fish remains from 30 sites throughout the southern Levant from the Late Bronze Age through to the end of the Byzantine period (ca. 1550 BCE to 640 CE). A central conclusion of the study is that consumption of scaleless fish— especially catfish—was not uncommon at Judean sites throughout the Iron Age and Persian periods. Unlike the pentateuchal prohibitions against eating pork, the ban against finless and scaleless aquatic species apparently deviated from longstanding Judean dietary habits. The pentateuchal writers appear to have legislated this dietary restriction despite the lack of an old and widespread dietary tradition at its root. This conclusion should encourage us to rethink commonly held assumptions that other pentateuchal dietary proscriptions emerged out of earlier dietary ‘taboos’.
{"title":"The Pentateuchal Dietary Proscription against Finless and Scaleless Aquatic Species in Light of Ancient Fish Remains","authors":"Y. Adler, O. Lernau","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1904675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904675","url":null,"abstract":"The origins and early history of the pentateuchal prohibition against eating finless and scaleless aquatic species (Lev 11:9–12; Deut 14:9–10) has yet to merit a detailed investigation. The present study is an initiatory attempt to attend to this lacuna by analysing 56 zooarchaeological assemblages of fish remains from 30 sites throughout the southern Levant from the Late Bronze Age through to the end of the Byzantine period (ca. 1550 BCE to 640 CE). A central conclusion of the study is that consumption of scaleless fish— especially catfish—was not uncommon at Judean sites throughout the Iron Age and Persian periods. Unlike the pentateuchal prohibitions against eating pork, the ban against finless and scaleless aquatic species apparently deviated from longstanding Judean dietary habits. The pentateuchal writers appear to have legislated this dietary restriction despite the lack of an old and widespread dietary tradition at its root. This conclusion should encourage us to rethink commonly held assumptions that other pentateuchal dietary proscriptions emerged out of earlier dietary ‘taboos’.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"5 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44320530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1904683
Andrew J. Danielson
Cooking pots and culinary practices can be used as a sensitive proxy for social identities. Through an analysis of culinary traditions in the northeastern Negev—the borderland region between the Iron Age kingdoms of Judah and Edom—a complex narrative of social interaction between diverse social groups can be identified. This article demonstrates patterns of social and economic alliances, migration and intermarriage through spatial and temporal analyses of the distribution of cooking pot types. The resultant portrait is the outcome of opportunities afforded by the South Arabian trade network traversing the borderland region.
{"title":"Culinary Traditions in the Borderlands of Judah and Edom during the Late Iron Age","authors":"Andrew J. Danielson","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1904683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904683","url":null,"abstract":"Cooking pots and culinary practices can be used as a sensitive proxy for social identities. Through an analysis of culinary traditions in the northeastern Negev—the borderland region between the Iron Age kingdoms of Judah and Edom—a complex narrative of social interaction between diverse social groups can be identified. This article demonstrates patterns of social and economic alliances, migration and intermarriage through spatial and temporal analyses of the distribution of cooking pot types. The resultant portrait is the outcome of opportunities afforded by the South Arabian trade network traversing the borderland region.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"87 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47822335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1904682
S. Wolff
The Hebrew Union College (HUC) excavators of Gezer attributed the destruction of Stratum VI to the 734 BCE campaign of Tiglath-pileser III. They based this on the relief found at Nimrud depicting the event. Various scholars who for numerous reasons wished to lower the date of destruction to the end of the 8th century have subsequently challenged this attribution. This paper, concentrating on evidence revealed in the new Tandy excavations (especially oval storage jars, Phoenician torpedo amphoras and holemouth jars), substantiates the date proposed by the HUC excavators. Its ceramic assemblage, therefore, should be used as a chronological peg for furthering the discussion of the subdivision of ceramic typology within the Iron IIB.
{"title":"The Date of Destruction of Gezer Stratum VI","authors":"S. Wolff","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1904682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904682","url":null,"abstract":"The Hebrew Union College (HUC) excavators of Gezer attributed the destruction of Stratum VI to the 734 BCE campaign of Tiglath-pileser III. They based this on the relief found at Nimrud depicting the event. Various scholars who for numerous reasons wished to lower the date of destruction to the end of the 8th century have subsequently challenged this attribution. This paper, concentrating on evidence revealed in the new Tandy excavations (especially oval storage jars, Phoenician torpedo amphoras and holemouth jars), substantiates the date proposed by the HUC excavators. Its ceramic assemblage, therefore, should be used as a chronological peg for furthering the discussion of the subdivision of ceramic typology within the Iron IIB.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"73 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42695352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1904672
Y. Gadot
{"title":"In Memoriam Professor Shlomo Bunimovitz 1952‒2020","authors":"Y. Gadot","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1904672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2021.1904672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49445048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2020.1832351
D. Sweeney
{"title":"In Memoriam Raphael (Rafi) Ventura 1937–2020","authors":"D. Sweeney","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2020.1832351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2020.1832351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"47 1","pages":"147 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2020.1832351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41718487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2020.1707451
Y. Shalev, N. Shalom, Efrat Bocher, Y. Gadot
The article presents finds unearthed during the renewed excavations at the Giv>ati Parking Lot in the ‘City of David’, Jerusalem. The finds, which date from the late Iron Age to the Persian and Early Hellenistic periods, testify to the importance of the western slope of the City of David ridge in the city’s urban development. When water was transferred from the Gihon Spring to the Siloam Pool the significance of the rugged eastern slope of the ridge was reduced. As a result, the western slope was adapted for public construction. After the 586 BCE destruction, the city was rebuilt along the summit of the ridge and on the northwestern slope.
{"title":"New Evidence on the Location and Nature of Iron Age, Persian and Early Hellenistic Period Jerusalem","authors":"Y. Shalev, N. Shalom, Efrat Bocher, Y. Gadot","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2020.1707451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2020.1707451","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents finds unearthed during the renewed excavations at the Giv>ati Parking Lot in the ‘City of David’, Jerusalem. The finds, which date from the late Iron Age to the Persian and Early Hellenistic periods, testify to the importance of the western slope of the City of David ridge in the city’s urban development. When water was transferred from the Gihon Spring to the Siloam Pool the significance of the rugged eastern slope of the ridge was reduced. As a result, the western slope was adapted for public construction. After the 586 BCE destruction, the city was rebuilt along the summit of the ridge and on the northwestern slope.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"47 1","pages":"149 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03344355.2020.1707451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44470420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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