Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2102113
S. Klein, Moritz Jansen, A. Lichtenberger, O. Tal
Lead isotope and portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry were applied to a small group of Hellenistic lead objects from Tell Iztabba (Beth Shean, Israel). The market weights and sling bullets from this short-lived Seleucid-founded site were analysed in order to understand their production process and the provenance of the raw materials. The sling bullets are of pure lead, and its lead isotopic signature suggests that the lead was produced from Lavrion ores. The weights are heterogeneous in composition and point to the use of mixed or reused scrap metal. Anatolian or Aegaean lead ores are the raw material sources for the weights. Whether the sling bullets belonged to the defenders of the site or to the attackers cannot be determined from the analysis, but their Greek provenance together with the fact that they were recovered at the site may suggest their use by its defenders.
{"title":"Archaeometallurgical Analysis of Lead Weights and Sling Bullets from Seleucid Tell Iẓṭabba: More on Lead Origin in Seleucid Palestine","authors":"S. Klein, Moritz Jansen, A. Lichtenberger, O. Tal","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2102113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2102113","url":null,"abstract":"Lead isotope and portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry were applied to a small group of Hellenistic lead objects from Tell Iztabba (Beth Shean, Israel). The market weights and sling bullets from this short-lived Seleucid-founded site were analysed in order to understand their production process and the provenance of the raw materials. The sling bullets are of pure lead, and its lead isotopic signature suggests that the lead was produced from Lavrion ores. The weights are heterogeneous in composition and point to the use of mixed or reused scrap metal. Anatolian or Aegaean lead ores are the raw material sources for the weights. Whether the sling bullets belonged to the defenders of the site or to the attackers cannot be determined from the analysis, but their Greek provenance together with the fact that they were recovered at the site may suggest their use by its defenders.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"267 - 292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43588957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2102110
Michal David, M. Kislev, Y. Melamed, E. Ben‐Yosef, Ehud Weiss
In the 1960s and 1970s, two copper-smelting sites (Sites 2 and 30) and a cultic place (the ‘Hathor Shrine’, Site 200) were excavated by Beno Rothenberg’s ‘Arabah Expedition’ in the Timna Valley. They yielded rich archaeobotanical assemblages, most of which were never published. These data provide a rare opportunity to reconstruct plant food aspects of the daily lives of copper smelters. In this study, we were able to locate and identify some 10,000 plant remains, dated to the final phase of the Late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age (the 13th–9th centuries BCE). Most of the finds are fruits (grape, date, fig and olive). We suggest that this evidence represents dried or pickled fruits, consumed by the smelters throughout the day due to their calorie-rich value and ease of use. Plant-based food preparation was probably carried out elsewhere, in ephemeral tent encampments. In addition, the shrine’s plant assemblage, which includes the same species found in the smelting camps, suggests that the metalworkers used their food as an offering to the goddess Hathor (and possibly also to other deities).
{"title":"Plant Remains from Rothenberg’s Excavations in Timna: Smelters’ Food and Cultic Offerings at the Turn of the First Millennium BCE","authors":"Michal David, M. Kislev, Y. Melamed, E. Ben‐Yosef, Ehud Weiss","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2102110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2102110","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1960s and 1970s, two copper-smelting sites (Sites 2 and 30) and a cultic place (the ‘Hathor Shrine’, Site 200) were excavated by Beno Rothenberg’s ‘Arabah Expedition’ in the Timna Valley. They yielded rich archaeobotanical assemblages, most of which were never published. These data provide a rare opportunity to reconstruct plant food aspects of the daily lives of copper smelters. In this study, we were able to locate and identify some 10,000 plant remains, dated to the final phase of the Late Bronze Age and the early Iron Age (the 13th–9th centuries BCE). Most of the finds are fruits (grape, date, fig and olive). We suggest that this evidence represents dried or pickled fruits, consumed by the smelters throughout the day due to their calorie-rich value and ease of use. Plant-based food preparation was probably carried out elsewhere, in ephemeral tent encampments. In addition, the shrine’s plant assemblage, which includes the same species found in the smelting camps, suggests that the metalworkers used their food as an offering to the goddess Hathor (and possibly also to other deities).","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"230 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44332969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2102109
Madeleine Butcher, K. Covello-Paran, Paula Waiman-Barak, O. Lipschits, Hannes Bezzel, Omer Sergi
The recent excavations at Ḥorvat Tevet and the finding of ca. 260 Late Iron IIA cylindrical holemouth jars provided an unparalleled opportunity to study these relatively unknown vessels. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of cylindrical holemouth jars and includes a study of typology and morphology, alongside the analysis of provenance and distribution patterns. By shedding new light on these vessels, this paper provides the opportunity to understand and illustrate the economy of early monarchic Israel in a new and innovative way.
{"title":"The Late Iron IIA Cylindrical Holemouth Jars and Their Role in the Royal Economy of Early Monarchic Israel","authors":"Madeleine Butcher, K. Covello-Paran, Paula Waiman-Barak, O. Lipschits, Hannes Bezzel, Omer Sergi","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2102109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2102109","url":null,"abstract":"The recent excavations at Ḥorvat Tevet and the finding of ca. 260 Late Iron IIA cylindrical holemouth jars provided an unparalleled opportunity to study these relatively unknown vessels. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of cylindrical holemouth jars and includes a study of typology and morphology, alongside the analysis of provenance and distribution patterns. By shedding new light on these vessels, this paper provides the opportunity to understand and illustrate the economy of early monarchic Israel in a new and innovative way.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"205 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47274001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2102108
I. Finkelstein
Excavations at the Ophel in Jerusalem have revealed some of the most elaborate Iron Age remains in the city. They are of great importance for reconstructing the settlement history of Jerusalem and are related to two major issues: the nature of Judah’s capital in the 10th century BCE and the location of its original Bronze and Iron Age mound. Here I deal with the characteristics of the remains and their chronological setting. Analysing the stratigraphic, architectural and ceramic evidence, I conclude that the construction of the western part of the complex cannot predate the Iron IIB in the 8th century BCE, and that the early buildings in the eastern sector should probably be dated to the Late Iron IIA in the 9th century BCE.
{"title":"The Iron Age Complex in the Ophel, Jerusalem: A Critical Analysis","authors":"I. Finkelstein","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2102108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2102108","url":null,"abstract":"Excavations at the Ophel in Jerusalem have revealed some of the most elaborate Iron Age remains in the city. They are of great importance for reconstructing the settlement history of Jerusalem and are related to two major issues: the nature of Judah’s capital in the 10th century BCE and the location of its original Bronze and Iron Age mound. Here I deal with the characteristics of the remains and their chronological setting. Analysing the stratigraphic, architectural and ceramic evidence, I conclude that the construction of the western part of the complex cannot predate the Iron IIB in the 8th century BCE, and that the early buildings in the eastern sector should probably be dated to the Late Iron IIA in the 9th century BCE.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"191 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41707027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2057026
Shlomit Bechar, A. Yasur‐Landau, Nimrod Marom
This article assesses the distribution of storage vessels, pithoi and jars in an effort to evaluate surplus management strategies connected to political and environmental conditions in the southern Levant in the second millennium BCE. We examined 27 ceramic assemblages from four Middle Bronze–Late Bronze sites in northern Israel: two rural sites (Tel Qashish and Tel Yoqneʾam) and two urban centres (Tel Hazor and Tel Beth-Shean). We then examined how variability in storage activity relates to major historical, political and climate changes recorded in the Levant within the chronological framework of the study. Our results suggest that the relative frequency of storage vessels varies according to type of settlement, is somewhat impacted by political events, and is weakly related to climatic events. This highlights the potential importance of focusing upon datasets that quantify the response of societies to political and climatic change as a measure of the latter’s effect on the past. The results also allow us to suggest a change in the distribution system of Bronze Age urban centres.
{"title":"Storage Vessels as Indicators of Crisis Management","authors":"Shlomit Bechar, A. Yasur‐Landau, Nimrod Marom","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2057026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2057026","url":null,"abstract":"This article assesses the distribution of storage vessels, pithoi and jars in an effort to evaluate surplus management strategies connected to political and environmental conditions in the southern Levant in the second millennium BCE. We examined 27 ceramic assemblages from four Middle Bronze–Late Bronze sites in northern Israel: two rural sites (Tel Qashish and Tel Yoqneʾam) and two urban centres (Tel Hazor and Tel Beth-Shean). We then examined how variability in storage activity relates to major historical, political and climate changes recorded in the Levant within the chronological framework of the study. Our results suggest that the relative frequency of storage vessels varies according to type of settlement, is somewhat impacted by political events, and is weakly related to climatic events. This highlights the potential importance of focusing upon datasets that quantify the response of societies to political and climatic change as a measure of the latter’s effect on the past. The results also allow us to suggest a change in the distribution system of Bronze Age urban centres.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"126 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43268026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2056684
Yitzhak Paz
{"title":"In Memoriam: Professor Ram Gophna (1928–2021)","authors":"Yitzhak Paz","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2056684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2056684","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"6 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46401514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2057023
A. Cohen-Weinberger, Tehillah Lieberman, N. Szanton
This article presents a group of ceramic building materials (bricks and pipes) from the city of Aelia Capitolina. This group bears rare impressions consisting of three Latin letters: IVL. The IVL group is studied typologically and petrographically, suggesting that a private workshop operated in Aelia Capitolina no later than the 3rd century CE. Petrographically, the IVL group is different from the well-known ceramic building materials bearing impressions of the Xth Roman legion Fretensis, manufactured in the kilnworks near the Jerusalem International Convention Center (Binyanei HaʾUma). This suggests that the IVL group was not produced in the legionary workshop. The current study is an additional facet contributing to the discussion on the various modes of production of ceramic building materials in Jerusalem during the Late Roman period. Further examined is the relation between military, municipal and private ceramic production, possibly as a mirror of the municipal development and processes that Jerusalem underwent during the period under discussion, and the role of the City of David within these processes.
{"title":"IVL Impressions and Their Implications for the Production of Ceramic Building Materials in Aelia Capitolina","authors":"A. Cohen-Weinberger, Tehillah Lieberman, N. Szanton","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2057023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2057023","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a group of ceramic building materials (bricks and pipes) from the city of Aelia Capitolina. This group bears rare impressions consisting of three Latin letters: IVL. The IVL group is studied typologically and petrographically, suggesting that a private workshop operated in Aelia Capitolina no later than the 3rd century CE. Petrographically, the IVL group is different from the well-known ceramic building materials bearing impressions of the Xth Roman legion Fretensis, manufactured in the kilnworks near the Jerusalem International Convention Center (Binyanei HaʾUma). This suggests that the IVL group was not produced in the legionary workshop. The current study is an additional facet contributing to the discussion on the various modes of production of ceramic building materials in Jerusalem during the Late Roman period. Further examined is the relation between military, municipal and private ceramic production, possibly as a mirror of the municipal development and processes that Jerusalem underwent during the period under discussion, and the role of the City of David within these processes.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"98 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44508418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2056683
O. Tal, I. Taxel
{"title":"In Memoriam: Professor Moshe Fischer (1945–2021)","authors":"O. Tal, I. Taxel","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2056683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2056683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"3 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44554035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2057021
D. Vanderhooft, M. Richey, E. Shukron
The present paper publishes a new, nearly complete bulla excavated in 2013 beneath Robinson’s Arch in Jerusalem. It was first identified in 2019 during sifting of soil excavated from a Roman-era drainage channel. The bulla belonged to a Judahite government official, ‘the One Who Is Over the House’. The excavation of this bulla validates the authenticity of several other bulla bearing the same legend and clarifies both epigraphic and biblical attestations of the title ‘the One Who Is Over the House’.
这篇论文发表了2013年在耶路撒冷鲁滨逊拱门下出土的一个几乎完整的新球。它最初是在2019年筛选从罗马时代的排水渠道挖掘的土壤时发现的。这把枪属于一名犹太政府官员，名叫“掌管房子的人”。这个球的挖掘证实了其他几个球的真实性，这些球带有相同的传说，并澄清了铭文和圣经对标题“The One Who Is Over The House”的证明。
{"title":"A Bulla of ʾӐdōnîyāhû, the One Who Is Over the House, from beneath Robinson’s Arch in Jerusalem","authors":"D. Vanderhooft, M. Richey, E. Shukron","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2057021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2057021","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper publishes a new, nearly complete bulla excavated in 2013 beneath Robinson’s Arch in Jerusalem. It was first identified in 2019 during sifting of soil excavated from a Roman-era drainage channel. The bulla belonged to a Judahite government official, ‘the One Who Is Over the House’. The excavation of this bulla validates the authenticity of several other bulla bearing the same legend and clarifies both epigraphic and biblical attestations of the title ‘the One Who Is Over the House’.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"54 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49010453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2057024
D. Ussishkin
Tel ʿAroer, situated in the eastern Negev, was excavated by Avraham Biran and Rudolph Cohen, and the excavation report was published by Yifat Thareani. The excavators dated the city-wall that surrounded the site to the Iron II, concluding that ʿAroer was a fortified stronghold in the border of the Judahite kingdom. A fortified tower was built there in the Early Roman period. This paper argues that the city-wall dates to the Early Roman period and that the city-wall and the fortified tower both formed integral parts of the fortifications of the Early Roman settlement.
{"title":"Was the City-Wall of ʿAroer in the Negev of Judah Built in the Early Roman Period?","authors":"D. Ussishkin","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2057024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2057024","url":null,"abstract":"Tel ʿAroer, situated in the eastern Negev, was excavated by Avraham Biran and Rudolph Cohen, and the excavation report was published by Yifat Thareani. The excavators dated the city-wall that surrounded the site to the Iron II, concluding that ʿAroer was a fortified stronghold in the border of the Judahite kingdom. A fortified tower was built there in the Early Roman period. This paper argues that the city-wall dates to the Early Roman period and that the city-wall and the fortified tower both formed integral parts of the fortifications of the Early Roman settlement.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"115 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42821455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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