Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2057022
Salome Dan-Goor
Although the City of David in Jerusalem has been explored for the past 150 years, the complex nature of its stratigraphy and ceramic finds has precluded a reconstruction of its settlement history. This article presents an analysis of new, well-stratified, pottery assemblages, which makes it possible to construct an up-to-date stratigraphic Iron Age sequence for the site and to compare it to well-dated sites, such as Lachish and Arad.
{"title":"The History of Iron Age Jerusalem: A Ceramic Approach","authors":"Salome Dan-Goor","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2057022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2057022","url":null,"abstract":"Although the City of David in Jerusalem has been explored for the past 150 years, the complex nature of its stratigraphy and ceramic finds has precluded a reconstruction of its settlement history. This article presents an analysis of new, well-stratified, pottery assemblages, which makes it possible to construct an up-to-date stratigraphic Iron Age sequence for the site and to compare it to well-dated sites, such as Lachish and Arad.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"67 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44002423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2056686
Neria Sapir, N. Ben-Ari, L. Freud, O. Lipschits
The site of Mordot Arnona is located ca. 750 m northeast of Ramat Rahel and on the eastern outskirts of the Arnona neighbourhood of Jerusalem. Few sites around Jerusalem present a stratigraphy and settlement sequence that includes nine building and construction phases, dating from the Late Iron IIA (9th century BCE) to the Late Roman period (4th century CE). During much of this time, and especially between the late 7th century BCE and the 4th century CE, the site was a small agricultural settlement. In the late 8th and the first half of the 7th century BCE, however, Mordot Arnona held great significance in the physical and political landscape of the area south of Jerusalem, serving as an administrative centre, as evidenced by its monumental structures and the dozens of stamped jar handles. In this paper we present a preliminary description of the site and the main finds from the monumental stage in its history, along with our initial conjectures regarding the role of this site, together with Ramat Rahel, in the history of the Kingdom of Judah during the last 150 years of its existence.
{"title":"History, Economy and Administration in Late Iron Age Judah in Light of the Excavations at Mordot Arnona, Jerusalem","authors":"Neria Sapir, N. Ben-Ari, L. Freud, O. Lipschits","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2056686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2056686","url":null,"abstract":"The site of Mordot Arnona is located ca. 750 m northeast of Ramat Rahel and on the eastern outskirts of the Arnona neighbourhood of Jerusalem. Few sites around Jerusalem present a stratigraphy and settlement sequence that includes nine building and construction phases, dating from the Late Iron IIA (9th century BCE) to the Late Roman period (4th century CE). During much of this time, and especially between the late 7th century BCE and the 4th century CE, the site was a small agricultural settlement. In the late 8th and the first half of the 7th century BCE, however, Mordot Arnona held great significance in the physical and political landscape of the area south of Jerusalem, serving as an administrative centre, as evidenced by its monumental structures and the dozens of stamped jar handles. In this paper we present a preliminary description of the site and the main finds from the monumental stage in its history, along with our initial conjectures regarding the role of this site, together with Ramat Rahel, in the history of the Kingdom of Judah during the last 150 years of its existence.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"32 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46421042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2022.2056685
Ya'akov Billig, L. Freud, Efrat Bocher
In a recent excavation at Armon ha-Natziv, overlooking ancient Jerusalem, remains were uncovered of a royal estate from the second half of the 7th century BCE. Although the site had been dismantled and it appears that only a small portion of it has been exposed to date, there are several indications of its former grandeur. The excavations exposed three complete medium-sized decorated volute capitals, beautifully carved and excellently preserved. Dozens of fragments of adorned architectural elements were exposed nearby; they can be restored to compose a window frame with an ornamented balustrade of miniature pillars capped with decorated volute capitals. Together with fragments of ashlars bearing traces of paint, they all appear to originate from a luxurious palace or villa. A rock-cut latrine with a seat—a marker of wealth in antiquity—was uncovered above a septic pit; microscopic examination detected parasite eggs from the digestive system, along with pollen from a variety of plants that grew on the grounds. This article examines the status of this unique site among the other Judahite sites in the region, in which contemporaneous monumental architectural finds indicate an administrative or government-oriented status.
在Armon ha Natziv最近的一次俯瞰古耶路撒冷的挖掘中，发现了公元前7世纪下半叶的一处皇家庄园的遗迹。尽管该遗址已被拆除，迄今为止似乎只有一小部分暴露在外，但有几个迹象表明它曾经的宏伟。发掘出三个完整的中型装饰蜗壳柱头，雕刻精美，保存完好。附近暴露出数十块装饰过的建筑元素碎片；它们可以被修复成一个窗框，上面有一个由微型柱子组成的装饰栏杆，上面有装饰的蜗壳柱头。连同带有油漆痕迹的烟灰缸碎片，它们似乎都来自豪华的宫殿或别墅。在一个化粪池上方发现了一个带座的岩石切割厕所，这是古代财富的标志；显微镜检查发现了来自消化系统的寄生虫卵，以及生长在地面上的各种植物的花粉。本文考察了这一独特遗址在该地区其他犹太遗址中的地位，在这些遗址中，同时代的纪念性建筑发现表明了其行政或政府导向的地位。
{"title":"A Luxurious Royal Estate from the First Temple Period in Armon ha-Natziv, Jerusalem","authors":"Ya'akov Billig, L. Freud, Efrat Bocher","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2022.2056685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2022.2056685","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent excavation at Armon ha-Natziv, overlooking ancient Jerusalem, remains were uncovered of a royal estate from the second half of the 7th century BCE. Although the site had been dismantled and it appears that only a small portion of it has been exposed to date, there are several indications of its former grandeur. The excavations exposed three complete medium-sized decorated volute capitals, beautifully carved and excellently preserved. Dozens of fragments of adorned architectural elements were exposed nearby; they can be restored to compose a window frame with an ornamented balustrade of miniature pillars capped with decorated volute capitals. Together with fragments of ashlars bearing traces of paint, they all appear to originate from a luxurious palace or villa. A rock-cut latrine with a seat—a marker of wealth in antiquity—was uncovered above a septic pit; microscopic examination detected parasite eggs from the digestive system, along with pollen from a variety of plants that grew on the grounds. This article examines the status of this unique site among the other Judahite sites in the region, in which contemporaneous monumental architectural finds indicate an administrative or government-oriented status.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"49 1","pages":"8 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45690273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1958626
Y. Tepper, W. Eck, Greg Leyfirer, M. J. Adams
A complete Latin funerary inscription was found during an infrastructure development excavation near the legionary base of the Legio VI Ferrata at Legio. This funerary epitaph for a miles of the VIth Legion is the only complete inscription of its kind from Legio and, therefore, is an important contribution to the history of the legion during its tenure in Syria-Palaestina. In the epigraphic study of the inscription, a specific set of metrological characteristics were identified that have previously only been documented in formal imperial inscriptions. This raises questions about the availability of high-level lapidaries to ordinary soldiers in the context of their service. A review of the existing inscriptions attesting legionaries of Legio VI Ferrata is further provided to contextualize the epitaph.
{"title":"A Roman Military Funerary Inscription from the Legionary Base of the VI Ferrata at Legio, Israel","authors":"Y. Tepper, W. Eck, Greg Leyfirer, M. J. Adams","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1958626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1958626","url":null,"abstract":"A complete Latin funerary inscription was found during an infrastructure development excavation near the legionary base of the Legio VI Ferrata at Legio. This funerary epitaph for a miles of the VIth Legion is the only complete inscription of its kind from Legio and, therefore, is an important contribution to the history of the legion during its tenure in Syria-Palaestina. In the epigraphic study of the inscription, a specific set of metrological characteristics were identified that have previously only been documented in formal imperial inscriptions. This raises questions about the availability of high-level lapidaries to ordinary soldiers in the context of their service. A review of the existing inscriptions attesting legionaries of Legio VI Ferrata is further provided to contextualize the epitaph.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"248 - 266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46879232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1958616
N. Na’aman
On the basis of new multispectral images, I re-examine six of the inscriptions found by Yohanan Aharoni at Arad. These are Arad 76, an early ration list; Arad 49, an inscribed ritual bowl dated to the late 8th century; three letters that form part of Eliashib's archive (Arad 3, 5 and 12); and a unique school text dated to the late 7th–early 6th centuries that records blessings and expressions of human emotions (Arad 28). Only certain portions of the three letters are discussed in detail whereas the three other inscriptions are rendered in Hebrew transcription, translation, commentary and detailed discussion.
{"title":"New Light on Six Inscriptions from Arad","authors":"N. Na’aman","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1958616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1958616","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of new multispectral images, I re-examine six of the inscriptions found by Yohanan Aharoni at Arad. These are Arad 76, an early ration list; Arad 49, an inscribed ritual bowl dated to the late 8th century; three letters that form part of Eliashib's archive (Arad 3, 5 and 12); and a unique school text dated to the late 7th–early 6th centuries that records blessings and expressions of human emotions (Arad 28). Only certain portions of the three letters are discussed in detail whereas the three other inscriptions are rendered in Hebrew transcription, translation, commentary and detailed discussion.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"213 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1958618
Hayah Katz
This is the final report of the excavations conducted at the site of the fortress of Mount Adir in two seasons separated by 43 years. In addition to summarizing the available data on the fortress, the study focuses on the broader context—the interconnectedness between the Iron IB settlement system in the Upper Galilee and the contemporaneous centres in the northern part of the country, especially in the coastal area. It seems that during the Iron Age IB a local political entity was established in the Meron Ridges—the ‘Upper Galilee Polity’—which controlled the entire Upper Galilee region. The fortress at Mount Adir played a central role in this entity and the ceramic assemblage that was found there indicates trade relations, mainly with the cities and ‘village-states’ of the northern coastal region. The end of the ‘Upper Galilee Polity’ was connected to the growth of political forces west and east of the Upper Galilee during the Iron IIA.
{"title":"Mount Adir: An Iron I Polity in the Upper Galilee?","authors":"Hayah Katz","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1958618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1958618","url":null,"abstract":"This is the final report of the excavations conducted at the site of the fortress of Mount Adir in two seasons separated by 43 years. In addition to summarizing the available data on the fortress, the study focuses on the broader context—the interconnectedness between the Iron IB settlement system in the Upper Galilee and the contemporaneous centres in the northern part of the country, especially in the coastal area. It seems that during the Iron Age IB a local political entity was established in the Meron Ridges—the ‘Upper Galilee Polity’—which controlled the entire Upper Galilee region. The fortress at Mount Adir played a central role in this entity and the ceramic assemblage that was found there indicates trade relations, mainly with the cities and ‘village-states’ of the northern coastal region. The end of the ‘Upper Galilee Polity’ was connected to the growth of political forces west and east of the Upper Galilee during the Iron IIA.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"171 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42994436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1958621
B. Rosen, Etan Ayalon
The well-organized food distribution to the military practiced at the fort of Arad ca. 600 BCE is analysed based on the Arad Ostraca, specifically Ostracon 2, which is concerned with food rations and management of stored wine. Wine quality was assured by inspection ordered by the commander of the fort and executed by the quartermaster. Vinegar played a significant role in the distribution associated with wine. As wine went bad in storage and turned to vinegar, the commander of the fort presented the vinegar as a gift to mercenaries who received their rations from Arad. The Arad gifting was comparable to that mentioned in the Book of Ruth, where Bethlehem harvesters received food and Ruth was gifted vinegar as a relish.
{"title":"Vinegar in the Wine Cellar: Food Distribution at Fort Arad 600 BCE","authors":"B. Rosen, Etan Ayalon","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1958621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1958621","url":null,"abstract":"The well-organized food distribution to the military practiced at the fort of Arad ca. 600 BCE is analysed based on the Arad Ostraca, specifically Ostracon 2, which is concerned with food rations and management of stored wine. Wine quality was assured by inspection ordered by the commander of the fort and executed by the quartermaster. Vinegar played a significant role in the distribution associated with wine. As wine went bad in storage and turned to vinegar, the commander of the fort presented the vinegar as a gift to mercenaries who received their rations from Arad. The Arad gifting was comparable to that mentioned in the Book of Ruth, where Bethlehem harvesters received food and Ruth was gifted vinegar as a relish.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"236 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46407708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1958625
R. Zadok
In the first section I analyse anthroponyms which are written Šby, Š(w)by and Šbᵓ in Hebrew and Aramaic. In the second section I argue that Ḥnnh/Ḥnwnh on Yhwd-impressions refers to a male rather than a female functionary (or functionaries).
{"title":"On Two Anthroponyms from the Achaemenid Period","authors":"R. Zadok","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1958625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1958625","url":null,"abstract":"In the first section I analyse anthroponyms which are written Šby, Š(w)by and Šbᵓ in Hebrew and Aramaic. In the second section I argue that Ḥnnh/Ḥnwnh on Yhwd-impressions refers to a male rather than a female functionary (or functionaries).","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"1024 1","pages":"244 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41279237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1958620
R. Reich
This article rejects David Ussishkin’s interpretation of the Rock-cut ‘Pool’ in the City of David, Jerusalem, as an abandoned quarry. This feature, better described as a space than a pool or quarry is, actually, a separate system from the northeastern corner, which in the past was referred to as the Round Chamber. Contra to my initial understanding of these two features, I now suggest that they each belong to a different period. The Round Chamber, ca. 4.5 m deeper than the bottom of the Rock-cut Space, has a narrow shaft that rose to the surface of the water; it is the remnant of a Middle Bronze water system. The Rock-cut Space dates to the Iron II.
{"title":"Notes on the Rock-Cut ‘Space’ near the Gihon Spring","authors":"R. Reich","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1958620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1958620","url":null,"abstract":"This article rejects David Ussishkin’s interpretation of the Rock-cut ‘Pool’ in the City of David, Jerusalem, as an abandoned quarry. This feature, better described as a space than a pool or quarry is, actually, a separate system from the northeastern corner, which in the past was referred to as the Round Chamber. Contra to my initial understanding of these two features, I now suggest that they each belong to a different period. The Round Chamber, ca. 4.5 m deeper than the bottom of the Rock-cut Space, has a narrow shaft that rose to the surface of the water; it is the remnant of a Middle Bronze water system. The Rock-cut Space dates to the Iron II.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"48 1","pages":"199 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47629708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03344355.2021.1958619
I. Finkelstein, M. J. Adams
In a recent article in this journal we presented the results of our 2018 excavations in the area of the six-chambered gate at Megiddo (Finkelstein et al. 2019). Ussishkin (2020) challenged our interpretation, reiterating his past theories regarding the Megiddo gates. Here we present data which negate his views.
{"title":"The Megiddo Gates: Outdated Views Versus New Data","authors":"I. Finkelstein, M. J. Adams","doi":"10.1080/03344355.2021.1958619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2021.1958619","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent article in this journal we presented the results of our 2018 excavations in the area of the six-chambered gate at Megiddo (Finkelstein et al. 2019). Ussishkin (2020) challenged our interpretation, reiterating his past theories regarding the Megiddo gates. Here we present data which negate his views.","PeriodicalId":51839,"journal":{"name":"Tel Aviv-Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University","volume":"39 15","pages":"208 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41267121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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