Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027473-9
Arina Lazareva
The article deals with the appearance of the image of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III as a national hero in German journalism. There are still not many works devoted to Ferdinand III in historiography. The discussion surrounding his reign continues to highlight the weakness of imperial power during the Congress of Westphalia. The traditions of glorification of rulers were acquired in German printed publications of the middle of the 17th century pronounced national connotation. The Peace of Westphalia gave a new impetus to the development of the German national idea. Despite the emperor’s loss of some important prerogatives during the Congress of Westphalia, Ferdinand III turned on the pages of printed matter into a “German hero” who ended the Thirty Years’ War (1618—1648), who recreated the unity of the Empire and became its full head. The emperor is presented in the writings of the era as the defender of the German nation, thanks to whom the Empire was not only able to withstand thirty years of military chaos, but proved its viability and even reached a new peak. Constructing the image of a national hero, the authors addressed both the real political possibilities of the imperial power after the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia, and the moral arsenal of virtues, which the emperor had. The ideas of his inherent patriotism and his desire to care for the Fatherland constituted the main components of the image of the ideal ruler and national hero and firmly entered the national discourse. During his lifetime, publicists turned Ferdinand III into a symbol of the German nation and laid the foundation for similar writings in subsequent eras.
{"title":"“Great Atlant”: Emperor Ferdinand III (1637—1657) as a German National Hero","authors":"Arina Lazareva","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027473-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027473-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the appearance of the image of the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III as a national hero in German journalism. There are still not many works devoted to Ferdinand III in historiography. The discussion surrounding his reign continues to highlight the weakness of imperial power during the Congress of Westphalia. The traditions of glorification of rulers were acquired in German printed publications of the middle of the 17th century pronounced national connotation. The Peace of Westphalia gave a new impetus to the development of the German national idea. Despite the emperor’s loss of some important prerogatives during the Congress of Westphalia, Ferdinand III turned on the pages of printed matter into a “German hero” who ended the Thirty Years’ War (1618—1648), who recreated the unity of the Empire and became its full head. The emperor is presented in the writings of the era as the defender of the German nation, thanks to whom the Empire was not only able to withstand thirty years of military chaos, but proved its viability and even reached a new peak. Constructing the image of a national hero, the authors addressed both the real political possibilities of the imperial power after the conclusion of the Peace of Westphalia, and the moral arsenal of virtues, which the emperor had. The ideas of his inherent patriotism and his desire to care for the Fatherland constituted the main components of the image of the ideal ruler and national hero and firmly entered the national discourse. During his lifetime, publicists turned Ferdinand III into a symbol of the German nation and laid the foundation for similar writings in subsequent eras.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840026726-7
Anna Volodko
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Russian Red Cross Society (RRCS) was one of the largest national organisations of the international Red Cross movement. In addition to helping victims of various disasters in Russia, medics from the RRCS helped victims of armed conflicts abroad. Following the Russo-Japanese War, serious shortcomings were identified in the Society's activities and major organisational reforms were undertaken to increase the scale and effectiveness of its work. The first humanitarian operation of RRCS outside Russia, after its reorganization, was the sending of numerous medical missions to the theatre of the First Balkan War on September 25, 1912 — 17 May 1913. During the Second Balkan War from 29 June to 29 July 1913, RRCS missions operated on both sides of the front. The increased efficiency of RRCS, the dedication and professionalism of Russian doctors allowed the Society's missions in the warring countries to successfully cope with their tasks, making up for the shortcomings of the local military-medical services to a great extent, providing aid to tens of thousands of the wounded and sick. The Balkan campaign made it possible to introduce post-reform organisational innovations on the eve of the First World War.
{"title":"Russian Red Cross Society and the Balkan Wars 1912—1913: the Test Before the Storm","authors":"Anna Volodko","doi":"10.18254/s207987840026726-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026726-7","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Russian Red Cross Society (RRCS) was one of the largest national organisations of the international Red Cross movement. In addition to helping victims of various disasters in Russia, medics from the RRCS helped victims of armed conflicts abroad. Following the Russo-Japanese War, serious shortcomings were identified in the Society's activities and major organisational reforms were undertaken to increase the scale and effectiveness of its work. The first humanitarian operation of RRCS outside Russia, after its reorganization, was the sending of numerous medical missions to the theatre of the First Balkan War on September 25, 1912 — 17 May 1913. During the Second Balkan War from 29 June to 29 July 1913, RRCS missions operated on both sides of the front. The increased efficiency of RRCS, the dedication and professionalism of Russian doctors allowed the Society's missions in the warring countries to successfully cope with their tasks, making up for the shortcomings of the local military-medical services to a great extent, providing aid to tens of thousands of the wounded and sick. The Balkan campaign made it possible to introduce post-reform organisational innovations on the eve of the First World War.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027890-8
Valentina Bolt
Figure A. V. Suvorov has been a reference military leader for more than two centuries in Russian historical memory. His image began to be formed during the life of the general, and by 1799 his name was widely known both in Russia and abroad. Participants in the last military campaign of the field marshal noted in their memoirs his appearance, atypical for traditional idea of a Russian hero, but it was offset by the strength of his character, intelligence and memory of numerous victories that connected him with veterans of not only the Russian, but also the Austrian army. Among the contemporaries of the campaigns of 1799, there were different attitudes to the extraordinary behavior of the commander, but all agreed that he was a bright figure and knowingly became the subject of numerous historical anecdotes.
苏沃洛夫(a . V. Suvorov)是俄罗斯历史记忆中两个多世纪以来的参考军事领导人。他的形象在担任将军期间开始形成，到1799年，他的名字在俄罗斯和国外都广为人知。这位陆军元帅最后一次战役的参与者在他们的回忆录中指出，他的外表与传统意义上的俄罗斯英雄不同，但他的性格、智慧和对无数胜利的记忆抵消了这一点，这些将他与俄罗斯军队和奥地利军队的老兵联系在一起。在1799年战役的同时代人中，对这位指挥官的非凡行为有不同的看法，但所有人都认为他是一个聪明的人物，并有意成为许多历史轶事的主题。
{"title":"The Image of A. V. Suvorov Through the Eyes of the Participants in the Campaign of 1799","authors":"Valentina Bolt","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027890-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027890-8","url":null,"abstract":"Figure A. V. Suvorov has been a reference military leader for more than two centuries in Russian historical memory. His image began to be formed during the life of the general, and by 1799 his name was widely known both in Russia and abroad. Participants in the last military campaign of the field marshal noted in their memoirs his appearance, atypical for traditional idea of a Russian hero, but it was offset by the strength of his character, intelligence and memory of numerous victories that connected him with veterans of not only the Russian, but also the Austrian army. Among the contemporaries of the campaigns of 1799, there were different attitudes to the extraordinary behavior of the commander, but all agreed that he was a bright figure and knowingly became the subject of numerous historical anecdotes.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840026724-5
Anna Gromova
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in Russia there was an intensive development of the charitable movement, in which the Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fedorovna took the most active part. Possessing organizational skills, the Grand Duchess was able to involve public and state leaders, clergy and private individuals in implementing her charitable projects. One of the most important areas of her charitable work became aid to the poorest fire victims in Moscow and Moscow province. In 1989 was founded “The Society for the Relief of Moscow and Moscow Province Fire Victims, under the auspices of Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna”. The society actively carried out educational work among the population on fire-prevention safety. Substantial assistance was rendered in insuring the population against fires, opening nurseries or orphanages for children of working parents, etc. The article analyses the calculation of fire statistics and the causes of fires and the decisions made to counteract the occurrence of fires.
{"title":"Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna and Society for Aid to Fire Victims of Moscow and Moscow Province","authors":"Anna Gromova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840026724-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026724-5","url":null,"abstract":"At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in Russia there was an intensive development of the charitable movement, in which the Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fedorovna took the most active part. Possessing organizational skills, the Grand Duchess was able to involve public and state leaders, clergy and private individuals in implementing her charitable projects. One of the most important areas of her charitable work became aid to the poorest fire victims in Moscow and Moscow province. In 1989 was founded “The Society for the Relief of Moscow and Moscow Province Fire Victims, under the auspices of Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna”. The society actively carried out educational work among the population on fire-prevention safety. Substantial assistance was rendered in insuring the population against fires, opening nurseries or orphanages for children of working parents, etc. The article analyses the calculation of fire statistics and the causes of fires and the decisions made to counteract the occurrence of fires.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027238-0
Olga Togoeva
The article analyzes the concept of a bad ruler, presented in the treatises of John of Salisbury (1159) and Jean Petit (1408). The author pays special attention to the so-called bestial code involved in both works. From her point of view, when creating the “Justification of the Duke of Burgundy”, Jean Petit, in an attempt to belittle Louis of Orleans, described him not just as a tyrant, but as a man who turned into a beast, a werewolf and a sorcerer, and on this basis becoming the devil himself. According to the author, Jean Petit borrowed this concept from the “Polycraticus” of John of Salisbury and strengthened it for his own purposes.
{"title":"“And He Wore the Bones and Fur of a Wolf...”: the Concept of a Bad Ruler in the Treatises of John of Salisbury and Jean Petit","authors":"Olga Togoeva","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027238-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027238-0","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the concept of a bad ruler, presented in the treatises of John of Salisbury (1159) and Jean Petit (1408). The author pays special attention to the so-called bestial code involved in both works. From her point of view, when creating the “Justification of the Duke of Burgundy”, Jean Petit, in an attempt to belittle Louis of Orleans, described him not just as a tyrant, but as a man who turned into a beast, a werewolf and a sorcerer, and on this basis becoming the devil himself. According to the author, Jean Petit borrowed this concept from the “Polycraticus” of John of Salisbury and strengthened it for his own purposes.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025652-6
Apollon Davidson
The article presents some episodes from the history of Russia's relations with the countries and peoples of the African continent, which contributed to the formation of a positive image of our country in Africa. From the time of the colonial division to the present day, Africans have seen and see in Russia an alternative to the West that colonized them, since our country did not have colonies in Africa. For Africans, it has always been an ally in their struggle for independence, since it has itself opposed the West throughout its history.
{"title":"On the Path to Mutual Understanding","authors":"Apollon Davidson","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025652-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025652-6","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents some episodes from the history of Russia's relations with the countries and peoples of the African continent, which contributed to the formation of a positive image of our country in Africa. From the time of the colonial division to the present day, Africans have seen and see in Russia an alternative to the West that colonized them, since our country did not have colonies in Africa. For Africans, it has always been an ally in their struggle for independence, since it has itself opposed the West throughout its history.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027920-1
Natalia Shabelnikova
The article examines the criminogenic situation in the Far Eastern region of Russia in the 1920s. The process of development of legislation regulating the fight against crime is summarized. It is noted that the fight against crime was based on an ideological doctrine, which was based on the class principle of building the Soviet state. The sources and trends of criminal criminality are identified, attention is focused on its local specifics due to socio-economic and political processes that took place in the Far East. The effectiveness of countering criminal crime by the NKVD bodies is evaluated.
{"title":"Criminal Criminality in the Russian Far East in the 1920s: Growth Factors and Counteraction Measures","authors":"Natalia Shabelnikova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027920-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027920-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the criminogenic situation in the Far Eastern region of Russia in the 1920s. The process of development of legislation regulating the fight against crime is summarized. It is noted that the fight against crime was based on an ideological doctrine, which was based on the class principle of building the Soviet state. The sources and trends of criminal criminality are identified, attention is focused on its local specifics due to socio-economic and political processes that took place in the Far East. The effectiveness of countering criminal crime by the NKVD bodies is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027440-3
Alexey Usov
For more than six decades, the scientific director of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the SB RAS, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Anatoly Panteleevich Derevianko devoted to studying the problems of the Ancient Stone Age of Asia and America, the initial human settlement of the Euro-Asian subcontinent, chronostratigraphy and correlation of Paleolithic cultures in arid zones of Eurasia, reconstruction of the ancient history of the Far East from the Paleolithic era to the Early Middle Ages. The article focuses on his outstanding achievements in the organization and development of Russian historical science, an invaluable contribution to the study of the ancient history of mankind, the creation of the leading Russian scientific school of archaeologists, the preservation and popularization of the historical and cultural heritage of the country, a huge contribution to the study of the historical past of Siberia and the Russian Far East. Joint research with paleogeneticists and anthropologists of human remains aged approx. The 50 thousand years obtained during the expedition work led by A. P. Derevianko made it possible to substantiate the existence of a previously unknown to science population of a fossil human called Homo denisovan (Denisovan human).
60多年来，俄罗斯科学院考古与民族志研究所的科学主任、俄罗斯科学院院士阿纳托利·潘捷列维奇·德列维扬科致力于研究亚洲和美洲的古石器时代问题、欧亚次大陆的最初人类定居点、欧亚大陆干旱地区旧石器时代文化的年代地层学和相关性。从旧石器时代到中世纪早期远东古代历史的重建。文章重点介绍了他在组织和发展俄罗斯历史科学方面的杰出成就，对人类古代史研究的宝贵贡献，创造了俄罗斯领先的考古学家科学学派，保护和普及了国家的历史和文化遗产，对西伯利亚和俄罗斯远东历史的研究做出了巨大贡献。与古遗传学家和人类学家共同研究年龄约为30岁的人类遗骸。在a . P. Derevianko领导的探险工作中获得的5万年时间，使人们有可能证实一个以前不为科学所知的人类化石种群的存在，这个种群被称为丹尼索瓦人(丹尼索瓦人)。
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Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840026828-9
Aminat Psihomakhova
This publication covers the activities of societies in the North Caucasus in the pre-revolutionary period Political and economic changes led to social differentiation of society and set society and the state the task of social protection of the disadvantaged segments of the population. A comprehension of the historical experience of charitable activity in Russia provides an opportunity to create new forms and directions of material and spiritual assistance to the needy. The founders were representatives of the national intelligentsia, for whom activities in the societies became one of the forms of expressing civic initiative.
{"title":"Formation and Development of Charitable Societies in the North Caucasus at the End of the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Century","authors":"Aminat Psihomakhova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840026828-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026828-9","url":null,"abstract":"This publication covers the activities of societies in the North Caucasus in the pre-revolutionary period Political and economic changes led to social differentiation of society and set society and the state the task of social protection of the disadvantaged segments of the population. A comprehension of the historical experience of charitable activity in Russia provides an opportunity to create new forms and directions of material and spiritual assistance to the needy. The founders were representatives of the national intelligentsia, for whom activities in the societies became one of the forms of expressing civic initiative.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840026124-5
Aleksander Rusanov
The article discusses various forms of using the most important authoritative medieval legal text dedicated to the status of scholars, the authentica Habita of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in documents related to the founding and corporate law of the Portuguese University, established in 1288/1290 in Lisbon and later moved to Coimbra. It proposes to consider this text as the most important guideline for understanding the essence of the studium generale by members of university corporations, royal and ecclesiastical authorities. At the same time, Habita was open to various interpretations, reflecting the mobility of ideas about the tasks and status of higher education, as well as its relations with the authorities, which is clearly visible in the case of the University of Lisbon–Coimbra
{"title":"The Use of the Authentica Habita of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in the Corporate Law of the Portuguese University in the 13th — 14th Centuries","authors":"Aleksander Rusanov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840026124-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026124-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses various forms of using the most important authoritative medieval legal text dedicated to the status of scholars, the authentica Habita of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in documents related to the founding and corporate law of the Portuguese University, established in 1288/1290 in Lisbon and later moved to Coimbra. It proposes to consider this text as the most important guideline for understanding the essence of the studium generale by members of university corporations, royal and ecclesiastical authorities. At the same time, Habita was open to various interpretations, reflecting the mobility of ideas about the tasks and status of higher education, as well as its relations with the authorities, which is clearly visible in the case of the University of Lisbon–Coimbra","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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