Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027478-4
Susanna Tsaturova
The article examines the process of transformation of the world historiography, including Russian one, in the field of the political history of the Middle Ages. The contribution of the Annales School is emphasized not only because of the appeal to man as an actor of historical processes, but also the methodological overcoming of the binary opposition of matter and spirit. Structuralism with its systematic analysis also played a positive role, as well as the appeal of historians to the study of phenomena of long duration, which began to be perceived as the history of states and, more broadly, the power. All these changes were reflected in the work of Professor N. A. Khachaturian (1931—2020). Thanks to her research on the representative regime of the West in the Middle Ages, on the social nature of the estate monarchy in France, on the forms of dialogue between power and society, as well as due to her creation of the Scientific Group “Power and Society” (holding conferences, publishing collective monographs), political history in Russian medieval studies took the place of the backbone of historical research.
{"title":"Can History be Not Political? The Phenomenon of Nina Aleksandrovna Khachaturyan","authors":"Susanna Tsaturova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027478-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027478-4","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the process of transformation of the world historiography, including Russian one, in the field of the political history of the Middle Ages. The contribution of the Annales School is emphasized not only because of the appeal to man as an actor of historical processes, but also the methodological overcoming of the binary opposition of matter and spirit. Structuralism with its systematic analysis also played a positive role, as well as the appeal of historians to the study of phenomena of long duration, which began to be perceived as the history of states and, more broadly, the power. All these changes were reflected in the work of Professor N. A. Khachaturian (1931—2020). Thanks to her research on the representative regime of the West in the Middle Ages, on the social nature of the estate monarchy in France, on the forms of dialogue between power and society, as well as due to her creation of the Scientific Group “Power and Society” (holding conferences, publishing collective monographs), political history in Russian medieval studies took the place of the backbone of historical research.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027820-1
Vladimir Karelin
The article is dedicated to the problem of Russian-Norwegian trade relations in the pre-war period, when after break of the Swedish-Norwegian union (1905), both countries showed interest in establishing diplomatic relations, while Norway sought to realize trade and economic expansion into the Russian market. The author used archival and published Norwegian and Russian statistical sources concerning the main issue for Russia’s grain exports at the beginning of the 20th century, which took place in the face of strong competition with Germany on the European agricultural market. Attention is drawn to the negative trend in Russian-Norwegian export-import operations, which was noted both in government spheres and in the circle of academic economists — bureaucracy advisers.
{"title":"Russian-Norwegian Trade and Economic Relations: Grain Trade in the Pre-War Period (1905—1914)","authors":"Vladimir Karelin","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027820-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027820-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the problem of Russian-Norwegian trade relations in the pre-war period, when after break of the Swedish-Norwegian union (1905), both countries showed interest in establishing diplomatic relations, while Norway sought to realize trade and economic expansion into the Russian market. The author used archival and published Norwegian and Russian statistical sources concerning the main issue for Russia’s grain exports at the beginning of the 20th century, which took place in the face of strong competition with Germany on the European agricultural market. Attention is drawn to the negative trend in Russian-Norwegian export-import operations, which was noted both in government spheres and in the circle of academic economists — bureaucracy advisers.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840026937-9
Victoria Tkachenko
The article examines the preservation of historical memory in Russian cities of the 18th century. The sources of the study are the answers to historical questions received from the provincial offices, to the questionnaires of the Office of Heraldry (1720s), the Academy of Sciences (1760s) and the Land Gentry Corps (1760s). The geographical scope of the study is limited to the European part of the Russian Empire with an emphasis on the study of ideas about the medieval past in ancient Russian cities. The analysis of these materials demonstrates the weak historical knowledge of clerks. Written evidence of the city's past has been lost in most archives. The memory of the Tatar raids and the devastation of cities during the Time of Troubles was transmitted through oral traditions and stories of old people. In most cities, the respondents did not remember the wars of the past years, and those who mentioned the sieges of the city by the enemy found it difficult to say when it was. In contrast to the oblivion of the events of secular history, the memory of the history of the church, the time and circumstances of the founding of temples and monasteries was much better preserved. As a result, among the historical figures, the rulers who ordered the cathedrals to be built, as well as venerated local saints.
{"title":"The History of Russian Cities in Responses to Geographical Surveys of the First Half — the Middle of the 18th Century","authors":"Victoria Tkachenko","doi":"10.18254/s207987840026937-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840026937-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the preservation of historical memory in Russian cities of the 18th century. The sources of the study are the answers to historical questions received from the provincial offices, to the questionnaires of the Office of Heraldry (1720s), the Academy of Sciences (1760s) and the Land Gentry Corps (1760s). The geographical scope of the study is limited to the European part of the Russian Empire with an emphasis on the study of ideas about the medieval past in ancient Russian cities. The analysis of these materials demonstrates the weak historical knowledge of clerks. Written evidence of the city's past has been lost in most archives. The memory of the Tatar raids and the devastation of cities during the Time of Troubles was transmitted through oral traditions and stories of old people. In most cities, the respondents did not remember the wars of the past years, and those who mentioned the sieges of the city by the enemy found it difficult to say when it was. In contrast to the oblivion of the events of secular history, the memory of the history of the church, the time and circumstances of the founding of temples and monasteries was much better preserved. As a result, among the historical figures, the rulers who ordered the cathedrals to be built, as well as venerated local saints.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027717-7
Vladislav Vorotnikov
The article dwells on how the US administration redefined the Western Hemisphere in the 1930s, as special emphasis is placed on its Atlantic borders and, thus, motivations that prompted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to include Iceland in the territorial zone of the Monroe Doctrine. The analysis of public debates on this issue, with prominent officials, geographers, and analysts being involved, leads to the conclusion that first signs of gradual departure from “half-and-half” hemispherical principle of global space structuring upon which the Monroe doctrine was premised became visible after WWI. This process accelerated in the 1930s amid the deteriorating security environment that rendered this principle obsolete and led to tangible foreign political steps. It is also noted that any attempts of the academic community to find a well-substantiated justification for the politically motivated rearrangement of the Western Hemisphere boundaries were unsuccessful.
{"title":"Pushing the Boundaries: How the US Redefined the Atlantic Border of the Western Hemisphere prior to the 1941 Occupation of Iceland","authors":"Vladislav Vorotnikov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027717-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027717-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article dwells on how the US administration redefined the Western Hemisphere in the 1930s, as special emphasis is placed on its Atlantic borders and, thus, motivations that prompted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to include Iceland in the territorial zone of the Monroe Doctrine. The analysis of public debates on this issue, with prominent officials, geographers, and analysts being involved, leads to the conclusion that first signs of gradual departure from “half-and-half” hemispherical principle of global space structuring upon which the Monroe doctrine was premised became visible after WWI. This process accelerated in the 1930s amid the deteriorating security environment that rendered this principle obsolete and led to tangible foreign political steps. It is also noted that any attempts of the academic community to find a well-substantiated justification for the politically motivated rearrangement of the Western Hemisphere boundaries were unsuccessful.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027251-5
Maya Petrova
The paper shows how, based on selected texts by Aristophanes (5th — 4th centuries BC), a prominent representative of the ancient Attic comedy, it is possible to recreate the lifestyle (“modus vivendi”) of an Athenian (Attic) citizen. It is discussed that when solving the task, it is necessary to take into account what material to use, as well as how to build a narrative. It is noted that the proposed technique can also be applied to other comedies by Aristophanes (or the texts of other authors of the distant past — whether it be Antiquity, the Middle Ages or Modern Times), studied, for instance, in order to identify the characteristic features of one person or group of ones of a different social circle, to reconstruct individual or collective biographies.
{"title":"“Modus Vivendi” of an Athenian (Attic) Citizen (on Aristophanes’ Comedies)","authors":"Maya Petrova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027251-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027251-5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper shows how, based on selected texts by Aristophanes (5th — 4th centuries BC), a prominent representative of the ancient Attic comedy, it is possible to recreate the lifestyle (“modus vivendi”) of an Athenian (Attic) citizen. It is discussed that when solving the task, it is necessary to take into account what material to use, as well as how to build a narrative. It is noted that the proposed technique can also be applied to other comedies by Aristophanes (or the texts of other authors of the distant past — whether it be Antiquity, the Middle Ages or Modern Times), studied, for instance, in order to identify the characteristic features of one person or group of ones of a different social circle, to reconstruct individual or collective biographies.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027534-6
Andrey Shcheglov
The hero of the article is Ericus Olai, the 15th century theologian and historian, and his “Chronica regni Gothorum”, the history of Sweden from primordial times to the second half of the 15th century. In the preface the author stresses the role of the Church in the society, and proclaims that the secular authorities must cooperate with the Church. This thought serves as one of the key ideas for the whole chronicle. Uppsala, the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden, is given the central place in Chronica regni Gothorum. Ericus portrays Uppsala as a place which initially was a site where pagan gods were worshiped, and which subsequently became a prominent centre of Christianity. According to Ericus Olai, Uppsala is a successor of Jerusalem and Rome. The author of the chronicle praises not only Uppsala, but also Sweden in general; he portrays Sweden as a blessed country which abounds in various natural resources. However, the concept “Uppsala as a new Syon” did not spread widely; Ericus Olai’s ideas, based on Catholic theological thought, became out of date – to a great extent in connection with the Reformation.
这篇文章的主人公是15世纪的神学家和历史学家埃里库斯·奥莱，以及他的《瑞典纪年记》(Chronica regni Gothorum)，讲述了瑞典从原始时代到15世纪后半叶的历史。在序言中，作者强调了教会在社会中的作用，并宣称世俗当局必须与教会合作。这一思想是整部编年史的核心思想之一。乌普萨拉，瑞典的教会中心，在编年史中占据中心位置。埃里库斯把乌普萨拉描绘成一个最初崇拜异教神灵的地方，后来成为基督教的重要中心。根据埃里库斯·奥莱的说法，乌普萨拉是耶路撒冷和罗马的继承者。编年史的作者不仅赞扬了乌普萨拉，也赞扬了整个瑞典;他把瑞典描绘成一个拥有丰富自然资源的幸福国家。然而，“乌普萨拉是一个新的Syon”的概念并没有广泛传播;奥莱基于天主教神学思想的思想，在很大程度上与宗教改革有关，变得过时了。
{"title":"Ericus Olai, the Praise of Sweden and the Concept “Uppsala as a New Syon” in the “Chronica Regni Gothorum”","authors":"Andrey Shcheglov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027534-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027534-6","url":null,"abstract":"The hero of the article is Ericus Olai, the 15th century theologian and historian, and his “Chronica regni Gothorum”, the history of Sweden from primordial times to the second half of the 15th century. In the preface the author stresses the role of the Church in the society, and proclaims that the secular authorities must cooperate with the Church. This thought serves as one of the key ideas for the whole chronicle. Uppsala, the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden, is given the central place in Chronica regni Gothorum. Ericus portrays Uppsala as a place which initially was a site where pagan gods were worshiped, and which subsequently became a prominent centre of Christianity. According to Ericus Olai, Uppsala is a successor of Jerusalem and Rome. The author of the chronicle praises not only Uppsala, but also Sweden in general; he portrays Sweden as a blessed country which abounds in various natural resources. However, the concept “Uppsala as a new Syon” did not spread widely; Ericus Olai’s ideas, based on Catholic theological thought, became out of date – to a great extent in connection with the Reformation.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025790-8
Anna Anisimova
Medieval English monastic houses were used to compile collections of various texts important for them for some reason. There are a number of such cartularies and registers, mostly dated to the 13—15th centuries. Their contents were usually concerned with proving of ownership rights of a religious house (writs, property deeds, rentals, etc.). However, there are copies of some legislative monuments. The content analysis of such compilations allows us to determine which legislative texts were of more importance to the monastic authorities and in which context there was need to right them down. The research is based on the materials of Benedictine Canterbury Cathedral priory, as compared with compilations of some English religious houses. Legislative documents are characteristic for the cartularies of later 13th — early 14th centuries. They are usually set in a separate unit, and their repetition could indicate the authority of these texts. The most frequently reproduced legal text is that of the Magna Carta, which is often accompanied by statutes of Edward I. Thus, the preference is given to the acts contemporary to the compilation. In the Canterbury priory’s collection, these cartularies are connected with Prior Henry Eastry. The comparison with other monastic collections demonstrates that the attention to the legislation was perhaps more pronounced in Canterbury priory than in other religious houses. As a whole, monastic interest in legislative documents was quite sporadic, and it is problematic to deduce their selection logic.
{"title":"Statutes in English Monastic Cartularies","authors":"Anna Anisimova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025790-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025790-8","url":null,"abstract":"Medieval English monastic houses were used to compile collections of various texts important for them for some reason. There are a number of such cartularies and registers, mostly dated to the 13—15th centuries. Their contents were usually concerned with proving of ownership rights of a religious house (writs, property deeds, rentals, etc.). However, there are copies of some legislative monuments. The content analysis of such compilations allows us to determine which legislative texts were of more importance to the monastic authorities and in which context there was need to right them down. The research is based on the materials of Benedictine Canterbury Cathedral priory, as compared with compilations of some English religious houses. Legislative documents are characteristic for the cartularies of later 13th — early 14th centuries. They are usually set in a separate unit, and their repetition could indicate the authority of these texts. The most frequently reproduced legal text is that of the Magna Carta, which is often accompanied by statutes of Edward I. Thus, the preference is given to the acts contemporary to the compilation. In the Canterbury priory’s collection, these cartularies are connected with Prior Henry Eastry. The comparison with other monastic collections demonstrates that the attention to the legislation was perhaps more pronounced in Canterbury priory than in other religious houses. As a whole, monastic interest in legislative documents was quite sporadic, and it is problematic to deduce their selection logic.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027934-6
Sergey Buranok
In modern studies on the history of wars, a fairly popular direction is the study of information discourse specifics. Аn appeal to the methods of historical imagology will make it possible to trace the evolution of the process of visualization and mythologization of the Second World War in US cinematography more accurately. The authors analyzed the changes in the features of war visualization in 1942—1945 Without the study of the basic principles, methods, mechanisms and tools of this process it is extremely difficult to understand the peculiarities of the development and interaction of cinema and US propaganda at subsequent historical stages and the present. American scientists have achieved significant results in the study of directors’ creative biographies, in the specifics of their interaction with federal government bodies, and in the analysis of the activities of the Office of War Information in the field of cinematography.
{"title":"Visualization of the Second World War in the Cnema of the USA 1942—1945","authors":"Sergey Buranok","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027934-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027934-6","url":null,"abstract":"In modern studies on the history of wars, a fairly popular direction is the study of information discourse specifics. Аn appeal to the methods of historical imagology will make it possible to trace the evolution of the process of visualization and mythologization of the Second World War in US cinematography more accurately. The authors analyzed the changes in the features of war visualization in 1942—1945 Without the study of the basic principles, methods, mechanisms and tools of this process it is extremely difficult to understand the peculiarities of the development and interaction of cinema and US propaganda at subsequent historical stages and the present. American scientists have achieved significant results in the study of directors’ creative biographies, in the specifics of their interaction with federal government bodies, and in the analysis of the activities of the Office of War Information in the field of cinematography.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840025592-0
Sergey Volkov
Today, the African continent is a new center of opposition to neocolonialism and foreign expansion. African countries, having gained the independence, still cannot save themselves from the control of the former colonialists and the global hegemon — the United States. Africans consist Russia as a reliable partner, which fights consistently for the building of international relations on justice equal base. Russia, as the Soviet Union at its time, provides assistance and support for African countries in the fight against neocolonialism and imperialist exploitation. Russian-African relations are gaining new momentum amid the Ukrainian crisis. The issues of past colonialism and modern neocolonialism and the ideological content of the discourse of the anti-colonial struggle will be discussed in July 2023 within the framework of the 2nd Russia-Africa Summit, designed to give a new impetus to Russian-African cooperation.
{"title":"Russia’s Assistance to Africa in Opposing Neocolonialism","authors":"Sergey Volkov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025592-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025592-0","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the African continent is a new center of opposition to neocolonialism and foreign expansion. African countries, having gained the independence, still cannot save themselves from the control of the former colonialists and the global hegemon — the United States. Africans consist Russia as a reliable partner, which fights consistently for the building of international relations on justice equal base. Russia, as the Soviet Union at its time, provides assistance and support for African countries in the fight against neocolonialism and imperialist exploitation. Russian-African relations are gaining new momentum amid the Ukrainian crisis. The issues of past colonialism and modern neocolonialism and the ideological content of the discourse of the anti-colonial struggle will be discussed in July 2023 within the framework of the 2nd Russia-Africa Summit, designed to give a new impetus to Russian-African cooperation.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.18254/s207987840027255-9
Marina Vinokurova
The article deals with the problem of manorial custom and its role in the life of peasant world of medieval England. Manorial custom is defined as a legal phenomenon of local significance, as its socio-economic, legal and moral public norm, balancing thepowerful will of manorial lord. Peculiar regulative features of manorial custom revealed themselves in the sphere of socio-economic development and manorial jurisdiction of customary courts, in the rules of inheritance and women’s property rights including widow law, in compliance with behavioral norms. Manorial custom was based on such criteria as antiquity of legal rules, reasonableness (its correlation with everyday life and manorial economic development), permanence and continuity of reliance on the custom (its frequent usage). Historical destiny of manorial custom revealed itself in the process of coercive deformation by the powerful lord’s will, constantly growing in its significance in the period of agrarian revolution because of the market conjuncture’s changing. Its role had been gradually decreasing, and this fact (together with other circumstances) partly brought to mass expropriation of English peasantry in the period of parliamentary enclosures of 18th century.
{"title":"Manorial Custom and Its Role in the World of English Copyhold","authors":"Marina Vinokurova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840027255-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027255-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of manorial custom and its role in the life of peasant world of medieval England. Manorial custom is defined as a legal phenomenon of local significance, as its socio-economic, legal and moral public norm, balancing thepowerful will of manorial lord. Peculiar regulative features of manorial custom revealed themselves in the sphere of socio-economic development and manorial jurisdiction of customary courts, in the rules of inheritance and women’s property rights including widow law, in compliance with behavioral norms. Manorial custom was based on such criteria as antiquity of legal rules, reasonableness (its correlation with everyday life and manorial economic development), permanence and continuity of reliance on the custom (its frequent usage). Historical destiny of manorial custom revealed itself in the process of coercive deformation by the powerful lord’s will, constantly growing in its significance in the period of agrarian revolution because of the market conjuncture’s changing. Its role had been gradually decreasing, and this fact (together with other circumstances) partly brought to mass expropriation of English peasantry in the period of parliamentary enclosures of 18th century.","PeriodicalId":51929,"journal":{"name":"Istoriya-Elektronnyi Nauchno-Obrazovatelnyi Zhurnal","volume":"97 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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