This paper investigates the socio-political implications of sceptical metaphors in French discourse about the climate crisis. Existing literature has demonstrated the prevalence of religion metaphors in English sceptical discourse. Yet, in France, religious references in language use are limited as such references have been considered “anti-revolutionary” since the storming of the Bastille, in 1789. I thus ask to what extent sceptical metaphors in French climate crisis discourse differ from English sceptical metaphors. To this aim, I conduct a corpus-based study relying on texts published in the extreme-right wing French newspaper “Valeurs Actuelles”. The metaphors identified in this corpus are analysed so as to uncover the mini-narratives related to sceptical metaphor scenarios. Consistent with existing literature, the analysis establishes the prevalence of the religion scenario. However, the research highlights significant argumentative exploitations: metaphor users define the source concept according to cultural viewpoints on religion and ideological understanding of the religious lexicon. I demonstrate that religion metaphors prevail because associated source concepts (environmentalism as islam) are not conceived as being part of the domain of religion, according to these (extreme-right-wing) discourse producers.
{"title":"Are religion metaphors anti‑revolutionary?","authors":"Anaïs Augé","doi":"10.1075/msw.23017.aug","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.23017.aug","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper investigates the socio-political implications of sceptical metaphors in French discourse about the\u0000 climate crisis. Existing literature has demonstrated the prevalence of religion metaphors in English sceptical discourse.\u0000 Yet, in France, religious references in language use are limited as such references have been considered “anti-revolutionary”\u0000 since the storming of the Bastille, in 1789. I thus ask to what extent sceptical metaphors in French climate crisis discourse\u0000 differ from English sceptical metaphors. To this aim, I conduct a corpus-based study relying on texts published in the\u0000 extreme-right wing French newspaper “Valeurs Actuelles”. The metaphors identified in this corpus are analysed so as to uncover the\u0000 mini-narratives related to sceptical metaphor scenarios. Consistent with existing literature, the analysis establishes the\u0000 prevalence of the religion scenario. However, the research highlights significant argumentative exploitations: metaphor\u0000 users define the source concept according to cultural viewpoints on religion and ideological understanding of the\u0000 religious lexicon. I demonstrate that religion metaphors prevail because associated source concepts (environmentalism\u0000 as islam) are not conceived as being part of the domain of religion, according to these (extreme-right-wing)\u0000 discourse producers.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"29 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article offers my personal assessment of the recent efforts to censor certain metaphors in higher education within the United States. Many universities have created extensive speech codes that censor various metaphorical words and phrases for their potential harm, especially for possibly being offensive to different individuals and marginalized communities. I discuss some of the problems with these efforts and offer a brief defense of the importance of metaphors, good or bad, in our public conversations.
{"title":"Should offensive metaphors be censored?","authors":"Raymond W. Gibbs Jr.","doi":"10.1075/msw.00041.gib","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.00041.gib","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers my personal assessment of the recent efforts to censor certain metaphors in higher education within the United States. Many universities have created extensive speech codes that censor various metaphorical words and phrases for their potential harm, especially for possibly being offensive to different individuals and marginalized communities. I discuss some of the problems with these efforts and offer a brief defense of the importance of metaphors, good or bad, in our public conversations.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"37 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139175491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Travis Ashby, Omar Lizardo, Dustin S. Stoltz, M. Wood
Researchers have long recognized the role of metaphor in conceptualizing states. We contribute to research on the conceptualization of state concepts in two ways. First, we identify a not-yet-recognized metaphor system commonly used to conceptualize states: states are physical qualities. We contend that states are physical qualities is an elaboration of the image-schematic states are locations metaphor, with a higher degree of specificity, affording entailments not supported by states are locations. After introducing the physical qualities metaphor system, we examine the function of states are physical qualities in the social world, finding that people use it to evaluate objects across many domains. Specifically, there is a significant distinction between two prototypical physical qualities – processed and unprocessed – used to conceptualize socially salient state differences, with “cooking” as the prototypical form of processing. Particularly in the domain of aesthetic evaluation, this is seen in the metaphor authentic is unprocessed. In practical domains such as sports and science, this is seen in the metaphor developed is processed. In all these cases, the evaluation of people and objects is grounded in the perception of their states, comprehended as physical qualities.
{"title":"The raw and the (over)cooked","authors":"Travis Ashby, Omar Lizardo, Dustin S. Stoltz, M. Wood","doi":"10.1075/msw.00039.ash","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.00039.ash","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have long recognized the role of metaphor in conceptualizing states. We contribute to research on the conceptualization of state concepts in two ways. First, we identify a not-yet-recognized metaphor system commonly used to conceptualize states: states are physical qualities. We contend that states are physical qualities is an elaboration of the image-schematic states are locations metaphor, with a higher degree of specificity, affording entailments not supported by states are locations. After introducing the physical qualities metaphor system, we examine the function of states are physical qualities in the social world, finding that people use it to evaluate objects across many domains. Specifically, there is a significant distinction between two prototypical physical qualities – processed and unprocessed – used to conceptualize socially salient state differences, with “cooking” as the prototypical form of processing. Particularly in the domain of aesthetic evaluation, this is seen in the metaphor authentic is unprocessed. In practical domains such as sports and science, this is seen in the metaphor developed is processed. In all these cases, the evaluation of people and objects is grounded in the perception of their states, comprehended as physical qualities.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139227034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the way in which social media and its relation to mental health is metaphorically conceptualized in newspaper opinion discourse. We discuss the extent to which metaphoric expressions are used creatively and whether they convey positive or negative evaluations. For this purpose, a 10,000-word sample of opinion articles from two British newspapers was collected and analysed. The main research questions are: (1) How is social media conceptualized? (2) To what extent is social media conceptualized by means of creative expressions? (3) Are social media metaphors more likely to be evaluative or non-evaluative? If so, what is the predominant value? (4) How are mental health and well-being conceptualized? (5) Do authors identify positive or negative effects of social media on mental health and well-being? Results show that the main source domains used to conceptualize social media are person, drugs, place, object, war, journey and competition. Creative social media metaphors typically make use of the person, drugs and place source domains, and evaluative metaphors more frequently project a negative evaluation.
{"title":"Instagram is a ridiculous lie factory","authors":"Jennifer Foley, Laura Hidalgo-Downing","doi":"10.1075/msw.00040.fol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.00040.fol","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the way in which social media and its relation to mental health is metaphorically conceptualized in newspaper opinion discourse. We discuss the extent to which metaphoric expressions are used creatively and whether they convey positive or negative evaluations. For this purpose, a 10,000-word sample of opinion articles from two British newspapers was collected and analysed. The main research questions are: (1) How is social media conceptualized? (2) To what extent is social media conceptualized by means of creative expressions? (3) Are social media metaphors more likely to be evaluative or non-evaluative? If so, what is the predominant value? (4) How are mental health and well-being conceptualized? (5) Do authors identify positive or negative effects of social media on mental health and well-being? Results show that the main source domains used to conceptualize social media are person, drugs, place, object, war, journey and competition. Creative social media metaphors typically make use of the person, drugs and place source domains, and evaluative metaphors more frequently project a negative evaluation.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139226380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Šeškauskienė (2022): Metaphor in Legal Discourse","authors":"Francesca L. Seracini","doi":"10.1075/msw.00038.ser","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.00038.ser","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Peña-Cervel & Ruiz de Mendoza Ibáñez (2022): Figuring out Figuration: A Cognitive Linguistic Account","authors":"Špela Antloga","doi":"10.1075/msw.00036.ant","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.00036.ant","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Rasse (2022): Poetic Metaphors: Creativity and Interpretation","authors":"Alena Revutskaya","doi":"10.1075/msw.00037.rev","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.00037.rev","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The present study contributes to the growing body of work on the pandemic-time use of the war metaphor in public discourse, by focusing specifically on military metaphors in the media discourses of two post-Yugoslav, post-conflict states. Using the approach of Critical Metaphor Analysis, the paper explores the discursive realizations of the war metaphor in this context, with a particular focus on metaphor extension, metaphor entailments, and effects of earlier conflict memory on discursive use of the metaphor. The results show how metaphor entailments may vary according to the kinds of war made salient in discourse. Several forms of discursive use grounded in linking metaphorical and literal senses of war are identified, as creating specific local meanings, which in the case area observed worked to relate representations of threat to dominant instrumentalizations of historical memory and ongoing nationalist discourses. Beyond the local context, the findings are used to discuss some aspects of pandemic-time war metaphor use important both for the theorizing of adversarial metaphors in public discourse, and for more nuanced analyses of the discourses of crisis.
{"title":"Military metaphors in the discourses of the pandemic in two post-Yugoslav states","authors":"Ksenija Bogetić","doi":"10.1075/msw.23011.bog","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.23011.bog","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study contributes to the growing body of work on the pandemic-time use of the war metaphor in public discourse, by focusing specifically on military metaphors in the media discourses of two post-Yugoslav, post-conflict states. Using the approach of Critical Metaphor Analysis, the paper explores the discursive realizations of the war metaphor in this context, with a particular focus on metaphor extension, metaphor entailments, and effects of earlier conflict memory on discursive use of the metaphor. The results show how metaphor entailments may vary according to the kinds of war made salient in discourse. Several forms of discursive use grounded in linking metaphorical and literal senses of war are identified, as creating specific local meanings, which in the case area observed worked to relate representations of threat to dominant instrumentalizations of historical memory and ongoing nationalist discourses. Beyond the local context, the findings are used to discuss some aspects of pandemic-time war metaphor use important both for the theorizing of adversarial metaphors in public discourse, and for more nuanced analyses of the discourses of crisis.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article compares diachronic and cross-linguistic uses of source domains for framing the target domain of trade in governmental discourses under the presidencies of Bill Clinton, Jiang Zemin, Donald Trump, and Xi Jinping. Taking a socio-cognitive approach, we examine trade metaphor use across time periods (1993–1997 vs. 2017–2021) and languages (American English vs. Mandarin Chinese) in nationally dominant discourses. At the micro-level of trade corpora, both the quantitative and qualitative analyses show that the higher-level source domains (e.g., building) and their (re)constructed lower-level source domains (e.g., cornerstone vs. pillar) are semantic fields whose use varies with discourse contexts. The usages of the distinct lower-level source domains highlight divergent cognitive forms of trade ideologies, which are embedded in dynamic political structures; they help reveal the implicit trade relations and ideological motivations at the macro-level of trade discourse contexts. The macro-level analyses reveal that nationally dominant discourses are constructed around domestic and global interests, and that power relations are (re)constructed diachronically and challenged transnationally through dominant discursive practices.
{"title":"The diachronic and cross-linguistic use of trade metaphors in U.S.-China governmental discourse","authors":"Xiaojuan Tan, Alan Cienki, B. Kaal","doi":"10.1075/msw.23004.tan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.23004.tan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article compares diachronic and cross-linguistic uses of source domains for framing the target domain of\u0000 trade in governmental discourses under the presidencies of Bill Clinton, Jiang Zemin, Donald Trump, and Xi Jinping.\u0000 Taking a socio-cognitive approach, we examine trade metaphor use across time periods (1993–1997 vs. 2017–2021) and languages\u0000 (American English vs. Mandarin Chinese) in nationally dominant discourses. At the micro-level of trade corpora, both the\u0000 quantitative and qualitative analyses show that the higher-level source domains (e.g., building) and their\u0000 (re)constructed lower-level source domains (e.g., cornerstone vs. pillar) are semantic fields whose use varies\u0000 with discourse contexts. The usages of the distinct lower-level source domains highlight divergent cognitive forms of trade\u0000 ideologies, which are embedded in dynamic political structures; they help reveal the implicit trade relations and ideological\u0000 motivations at the macro-level of trade discourse contexts. The macro-level analyses reveal that nationally dominant discourses\u0000 are constructed around domestic and global interests, and that power relations are (re)constructed diachronically and challenged\u0000 transnationally through dominant discursive practices.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44812423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael D. Robinson, Roberta L. Irvin, Micheal R. Waters
Dark personalities are those that are malevolent and antagonistic. Underlying such tendencies may be some attraction to perceptual darkness, given that darkness has been symbolically linked to malevolence and evil throughout human history. In the present research (total N = 501), participants were asked to choose whether they prefer dark or light as abstract perceptual concepts. Preferences for darkness were non-normative as well as informative concerning interpersonal functioning. Specifically, dark-preferring individuals scored lower in agreeableness or higher in antagonism (Study 1) and they also exhibited lower levels of prosocial feeling and personality in the conduct of their daily lives (Study 2). An attraction to darkness therefore belies tendencies toward antagonism and callousness. In total, the research highlights the manner in which a simple preference judgment involving metaphor-rich stimuli can be used to gain key insights into the motivational substrates of social functioning.
{"title":"Choosing the dark path","authors":"Michael D. Robinson, Roberta L. Irvin, Micheal R. Waters","doi":"10.1075/msw.21026.rob","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.21026.rob","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dark personalities are those that are malevolent and antagonistic. Underlying such tendencies may be some\u0000 attraction to perceptual darkness, given that darkness has been symbolically linked to malevolence and evil throughout human\u0000 history. In the present research (total N = 501), participants were asked to choose whether they prefer dark or\u0000 light as abstract perceptual concepts. Preferences for darkness were non-normative as well as informative concerning interpersonal\u0000 functioning. Specifically, dark-preferring individuals scored lower in agreeableness or higher in antagonism (Study 1) and they\u0000 also exhibited lower levels of prosocial feeling and personality in the conduct of their daily lives (Study 2). An attraction to\u0000 darkness therefore belies tendencies toward antagonism and callousness. In total, the research highlights the manner in which a\u0000 simple preference judgment involving metaphor-rich stimuli can be used to gain key insights into the motivational substrates of\u0000 social functioning.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48577776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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