{"title":"Petruck, M. R. L. (Ed.). (2018). MetaNet","authors":"Stephen McGregor","doi":"10.1075/msw.19024.mcg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.19024.mcg","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"10 1","pages":"176-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46453960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The conceptualization of abstract concepts is very often metaphorical, meaning that we think and talk about abstract concepts in terms of other, usually more concrete experiences. Recent research suggests that many abstract concepts are linked to bodily sensations. In two experiments, we tested a hypothesis about weight as an embodiment of difficulty. We hypothesized that participants wearing a heavy backpack would judge a psychomotor task to be more difficult than participants wearing an empty backpack. We also hypothesized that manipulation of psychomotor task difficulty would affect judgement of backpack heaviness. In line with our hypothesis, the results demonstrated that participants wearing a heavy backpack judged the task to be more difficult. The results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that, regardless of task difficulty, there was no difference in weight judgement when backpack weight was estimated on a 7-point scale. However, we found a difference in the judgement of backpack weight when participants were asked to express it in kilograms, where weight was judged to be lower by participants doing the easy task than by those doing the difficult task.
{"title":"Is a difficult task literally heavy?","authors":"M. Tonković, M. Brdar, Kristina Š. Despot","doi":"10.1075/msw.18032.ton","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.18032.ton","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The conceptualization of abstract concepts is very often metaphorical, meaning that we think and talk about abstract concepts in terms of other, usually more concrete experiences. Recent research suggests that many abstract concepts are linked to bodily sensations. In two experiments, we tested a hypothesis about weight as an embodiment of difficulty. We hypothesized that participants wearing a heavy backpack would judge a psychomotor task to be more difficult than participants wearing an empty backpack. We also hypothesized that manipulation of psychomotor task difficulty would affect judgement of backpack heaviness. In line with our hypothesis, the results demonstrated that participants wearing a heavy backpack judged the task to be more difficult. The results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that, regardless of task difficulty, there was no difference in weight judgement when backpack weight was estimated on a 7-point scale. However, we found a difference in the judgement of backpack weight when participants were asked to express it in kilograms, where weight was judged to be lower by participants doing the easy task than by those doing the difficult task.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"10 1","pages":"100-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49351111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of an on-going project to apply metaphor analysis to understanding the cultural polarization that has recently obstructed discourse about political and cultural issues in both the United States and Europe, this essay examines the lexical, grammatical, and story metaphors in a recent editorial column, by conservative columnist Ross Douthat, that also focuses on this topic. In a key section of the essay, Douthat uses a blend of complex grammatical and lexical metaphors to highlight the contrast between the traditional American identity narrative of settlement and conquest and a recently emerged liberal counter-narrative, which Douthat epitomizes by quoting former President Obama’s repeated insistence that “That’s not who we are.” Douthat’s argument is contextualized by the reproduction of an image with the title “Engraving of a massacre of Indian women and children in Idaho by 19th century white settlers,” which strengthens the contrasts and implied ironies embedded in his complex combination of grammatical and lexical metaphors. These relationships are brought into sharp focus through the metaphor-led analysis of the text and its interaction with the image, demonstrating the value of this approach to discourse analysis.
{"title":"Reclaiming a unified American narrative","authors":"L. Ritchie","doi":"10.1075/msw.18019.rit","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.18019.rit","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000As part of an on-going project to apply metaphor analysis to understanding the cultural polarization that has recently obstructed discourse about political and cultural issues in both the United States and Europe, this essay examines the lexical, grammatical, and story metaphors in a recent editorial column, by conservative columnist Ross Douthat, that also focuses on this topic. In a key section of the essay, Douthat uses a blend of complex grammatical and lexical metaphors to highlight the contrast between the traditional American identity narrative of settlement and conquest and a recently emerged liberal counter-narrative, which Douthat epitomizes by quoting former President Obama’s repeated insistence that “That’s not who we are.” Douthat’s argument is contextualized by the reproduction of an image with the title “Engraving of a massacre of Indian women and children in Idaho by 19th century white settlers,” which strengthens the contrasts and implied ironies embedded in his complex combination of grammatical and lexical metaphors. These relationships are brought into sharp focus through the metaphor-led analysis of the text and its interaction with the image, demonstrating the value of this approach to discourse analysis.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44429838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Metaphores de l’Austerite et Austerite des Metaphores 978-2-343-13801-5
本文回顾了奥斯特里特的隐喻和奥斯特里特的隐喻978-2-343-13801-5
{"title":"W. Kudszus & R. Trim (2018). Métaphores de l’Austérité et Austérité des Métaphores / Metaphors of Austerity and the Austerity of Metaphors","authors":"Justine Paris","doi":"10.1075/msw.19003.par","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.19003.par","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Metaphores de l’Austerite et Austerite des Metaphores 978-2-343-13801-5","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43919456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joachim Peters, Natalie Dykes, M. Habermann, C. Ostgathe, M. Heckel
The study investigates the usage of metaphorical structures in the German press discourse on multi-resistant pathogens in the clinical context by applying methods of qualitative discourse analysis to a corpus of 900 newspaper and magazine articles published between 1995–2015. The study shows that metaphors are of key importance for the processes of knowledge transfer, emotion production and persuasion. Metaphors are assigned to one of three general principles (mechanising explanation patterns, gain and loss of control, agentivity and personification) and to seven dominant source domains which structure the discourse through frequent argumentation structures: war, economy, space, machines, water, police and crime, sports and games. The occurrence of metaphor is – as previous research in other areas has shown – universal to all examined press texts; variation is limited to the thematic focus of individual argumentation structures between the different texts.
{"title":"Metaphors in German newspaper articles on multidrug-resistant bacteria in clinical contexts, 1995–2015","authors":"Joachim Peters, Natalie Dykes, M. Habermann, C. Ostgathe, M. Heckel","doi":"10.1075/msw.18006.pet","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.18006.pet","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study investigates the usage of metaphorical structures in the German press discourse on multi-resistant\u0000 pathogens in the clinical context by applying methods of qualitative discourse analysis to a corpus of 900 newspaper and magazine\u0000 articles published between 1995–2015. The study shows that metaphors are of key importance for the processes of knowledge\u0000 transfer, emotion production and persuasion. Metaphors are assigned to one of three general principles (mechanising explanation\u0000 patterns, gain and loss of control, agentivity and personification) and to seven dominant source domains which structure the\u0000 discourse through frequent argumentation structures: war, economy, space, machines, water, police and crime, sports and games. The\u0000 occurrence of metaphor is – as previous research in other areas has shown – universal to all examined press texts; variation is limited to the thematic focus of individual argumentation structures between the different texts.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41414454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article offers a model of translation which frames semantic relations between source- and target-text elements in terms of metonymy, and translation in terms of metonymic processing. Translators/interpreters constantly use approximations rather than exact one-to-one correspondences in their work, as meaning making is by nature partial and built-in matches between language systems do not exist. Approximation is identified as a recurrent theme in Translation Studies, while Metonymy Studies is seen as providing a toolkit for describing in detail the approximate semantic relations between source- and target-text elements. Models from Metonymy Studies are applied to two translation case studies and a translation revision case study. An original typology of metonymic relations is proposed based on whether or not source and target are encoded linguistically as vehicle and topic respectively. It is concluded that the semantic relations between source- and target-text elements in translation are distinctive in two respects: (1) they are characterized by facetization and zone activation rather than metonymization; (2) they are examples of Topic metonymy (both source and target concepts are encoded) and Code-switching metonymy (the source and target concepts are encoded in different languages).
{"title":"Employing cognitive metonymy theory in the analysis of semantic relations between source and target text in\u0000 translation","authors":"C. Denroche","doi":"10.1075/MSW.18024.DER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/MSW.18024.DER","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article offers a model of translation which frames semantic relations between source- and target-text\u0000 elements in terms of metonymy, and translation in terms of metonymic processing. Translators/interpreters constantly use\u0000 approximations rather than exact one-to-one correspondences in their work, as meaning making is by nature partial and built-in\u0000 matches between language systems do not exist. Approximation is identified as a recurrent theme in Translation Studies, while\u0000 Metonymy Studies is seen as providing a toolkit for describing in detail the approximate semantic relations between source- and\u0000 target-text elements. Models from Metonymy Studies are applied to two translation case studies and a translation revision case\u0000 study. An original typology of metonymic relations is proposed based on whether or not source and target are encoded\u0000 linguistically as vehicle and topic respectively. It is concluded that the semantic relations between source- and target-text\u0000 elements in translation are distinctive in two respects: (1) they are characterized by facetization and zone activation rather\u0000 than metonymization; (2) they are examples of Topic metonymy (both source and target concepts are encoded) and Code-switching\u0000 metonymy (the source and target concepts are encoded in different languages).","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42671909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the way that teachers use metaphors to think and talk about grammar and what this means for classroom practice. It does so by employing conceptual metaphor theory to analyse teachers’ metalinguistic discourse, focusing particularly on construals of grammar and grammar teaching. Based on a series of interviews with 24 UK-based secondary school English teachers, the findings suggest that teachers make extensive use of metaphor, often mapping the abstract domain of grammar with concrete domains such as construction material and rulebook. The discipline of English studies itself was often construed as a series of separate parts, with grammar occupying a physical space that was often seen as disconnected to other aspects of the curriculum. The findings are discussed in relation to sociocultural contexts, including the current climate of English teaching in the UK, educational policy discourse, public and professional views on language, and the place of grammar on the curriculum.
{"title":"Resources not rulebooks","authors":"I. Cushing","doi":"10.1075/msw.18022.cus","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.18022.cus","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper explores the way that teachers use metaphors to think and talk about grammar and what this means for\u0000 classroom practice. It does so by employing conceptual metaphor theory to analyse teachers’ metalinguistic discourse, focusing\u0000 particularly on construals of grammar and grammar teaching. Based on a series of interviews with 24 UK-based secondary school\u0000 English teachers, the findings suggest that teachers make extensive use of metaphor, often mapping the abstract domain of\u0000 grammar with concrete domains such as construction material and rulebook. The discipline of English\u0000 studies itself was often construed as a series of separate parts, with grammar occupying a physical space that was often\u0000 seen as disconnected to other aspects of the curriculum. The findings are discussed in relation to sociocultural contexts,\u0000 including the current climate of English teaching in the UK, educational policy discourse, public and professional views on\u0000 language, and the place of grammar on the curriculum.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language 97811387753679781315672953
本文回顾了《劳特利奇隐喻与语言手册》97811387753679781315672953
{"title":"E. Semino & Z. Demjén (Eds.) (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language","authors":"K. Y. R. D. Lavalette","doi":"10.1075/msw.19007.lav","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.19007.lav","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language 97811387753679781315672953","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43850055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Creativity in English as a Lingua Franca: Idiom and Metaphor 978-1-5015-1688-7
《英语中的创造力：习语与隐喻》978-1-5015-1688-7
{"title":"Marie-Luise Pitzl (2018). Creativity in English as a Lingua Franca: Idiom and Metaphor","authors":"Fiona MacArthur","doi":"10.1075/msw.19008.mac","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.19008.mac","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Creativity in English as a Lingua Franca: Idiom and Metaphor 978-1-5015-1688-7","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46720019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Across languages, the head and sexualized body parts (i.e., vagina, breasts, penis, testicles) are conceptualized in a number of ways, for example as fruits and vegetables: heads are conceptualized as cabbages, vaginas as figs, breasts as melons, penises as carrots, and testicles as olives, to only name a few. The present study draws on the theories of conceptual metaphor and metonymy by Lakoff & Johnson (1980) to analyze the conceptualizations of the five body parts as fruits and vegetables in English, Spanish and French. For this purpose, a slang dictionary-based database of 184 conceptualizations was compiled. Research on the head and sexualized body parts is particularly interesting as they represent the core of intellect and sexuality respectively, which makes them prone to being conceptualized in a variety of expressive and euphemistic ways. The results of the present study show that female body parts are primarily conceptualized as sweet fruits, while the penis as well as the head are mostly understood of as savory vegetables. This finding suggests a case of gender stereotyping, whereby sweet-natured women are denied intelligence as the head is stereotypically seen as a male body part (i.e., as a savory vegetable).
{"title":"Gender stereotyping","authors":"Kristina Dziallas","doi":"10.1075/msw.18007.dzi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.18007.dzi","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Across languages, the head and sexualized body parts (i.e., vagina, breasts, penis, testicles) are conceptualized\u0000 in a number of ways, for example as fruits and vegetables: heads are conceptualized as cabbages, vaginas as figs, breasts as\u0000 melons, penises as carrots, and testicles as olives, to only name a few. The present study draws on the theories of conceptual\u0000 metaphor and metonymy by Lakoff & Johnson (1980) to analyze the conceptualizations\u0000 of the five body parts as fruits and vegetables in English, Spanish and French. For this purpose, a slang dictionary-based\u0000 database of 184 conceptualizations was compiled. Research on the head and sexualized body parts is particularly interesting as\u0000 they represent the core of intellect and sexuality respectively, which makes them prone to being conceptualized in a variety of\u0000 expressive and euphemistic ways. The results of the present study show that female body parts are primarily conceptualized as\u0000 sweet fruits, while the penis as well as the head are mostly understood of as savory vegetables. This finding suggests a case of\u0000 gender stereotyping, whereby sweet-natured women are denied intelligence as the head is stereotypically seen as a male body part\u0000 (i.e., as a savory vegetable).","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46675186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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