Abstract Pregnancy loss, encompassing miscarriage, stillbirth and termination for foetal abnormality, can be considered a particularly intense and unique form of bereavement, which engenders difficult or painful emotions. When people are talking about such emotions, they have been found to make extensive use of metaphor (Semino, 2011). In this paper, we use metaphor analysis of a small corpus of interviews with individuals in England who have suffered such losses, and people who support them, to explore the nature of the bereavement. In particular, we focus on the ways in which metaphor is used to describe the experience of the loss, the effects that this loss has on people’s conceptions of themselves and their bodies, and the implications this has for recovery. We identify a number of characteristics that can lead the bereaved to conceptualise their realities in different ways, which have implications for the grieving process, the ways in which people respond to their grief, and ultimately their recovery.
{"title":"Metaphors in communication about pregnancy loss","authors":"J. Littlemore, Sarah Turner","doi":"10.1075/MSW.18030.LIT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/MSW.18030.LIT","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pregnancy loss, encompassing miscarriage, stillbirth and termination for foetal abnormality, can be considered a particularly intense and unique form of bereavement, which engenders difficult or painful emotions. When people are talking about such emotions, they have been found to make extensive use of metaphor (Semino, 2011). In this paper, we use metaphor analysis of a small corpus of interviews with individuals in England who have suffered such losses, and people who support them, to explore the nature of the bereavement. In particular, we focus on the ways in which metaphor is used to describe the experience of the loss, the effects that this loss has on people’s conceptions of themselves and their bodies, and the implications this has for recovery. We identify a number of characteristics that can lead the bereaved to conceptualise their realities in different ways, which have implications for the grieving process, the ways in which people respond to their grief, and ultimately their recovery.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The rhetorical fabric of the recent Arab uprisings resorts to mythology and metaphoricity to elicit an ideologically-biased polarization of the popular revolts. Building on some striking resemblances the Greek myth of Persephone and the journalistic construction of the Arab revolts hold in common, this paper delves into the oblique parallelism that informs the use of seasonal metaphors to serve ideological functions. The analysis of this pragmatic aspect of metaphorical structuring elaborates on findings of a corpus study, focusing on the collocational tendencies of the Arab Spring and Arab Autumn metaphors in Tunisian and Saudi press outlets. Empirical results show that the anti-revolts agenda selects negatively valued collocates to occur with the Arab Autumn metaphor, whereas the pro-revolts ideology recruits positively-valued lexis to mirror the emancipatory journey voiced by the Arab Spring trope. The paper uses a blend of cognitive theories of metaphor with research from a critical metaphor perspective to elucidate the ideologies which motivate and guide the figurative construal of the popular uprisings in Arab journalistic discourse.
{"title":"Seasonal metaphors in Arab journalistic discourse","authors":"S. Chatti","doi":"10.1075/msw.18020.cha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.18020.cha","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The rhetorical fabric of the recent Arab uprisings resorts to mythology and metaphoricity to elicit an ideologically-biased polarization of the popular revolts. Building on some striking resemblances the Greek myth of Persephone and the journalistic construction of the Arab revolts hold in common, this paper delves into the oblique parallelism that informs the use of seasonal metaphors to serve ideological functions. The analysis of this pragmatic aspect of metaphorical structuring elaborates on findings of a corpus study, focusing on the collocational tendencies of the Arab Spring and Arab Autumn metaphors in Tunisian and Saudi press outlets. Empirical results show that the anti-revolts agenda selects negatively valued collocates to occur with the Arab Autumn metaphor, whereas the pro-revolts ideology recruits positively-valued lexis to mirror the emancipatory journey voiced by the Arab Spring trope. The paper uses a blend of cognitive theories of metaphor with research from a critical metaphor perspective to elucidate the ideologies which motivate and guide the figurative construal of the popular uprisings in Arab journalistic discourse.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46570037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rising prominence of women in politics has sparked a growing interest in comparing the language of male and female politicians. Many researchers have explored whether gender in politics has had an impact on their metaphor styles. While these studies have been oriented qualitatively and have concentrated on the two-way interaction between metaphor and gender, the possibility that metaphor and gender may interact with other additional factors is largely overlooked. This article adopts a quantitatively oriented approach complemented with textual analysis to explore potential multiple-way interactions between ‘metaphor’, ‘gender’, ‘speech section’ and ‘political role’ in political discourse. By conducting a case study of metaphor use in Hong Kong political speeches, we found evidence of gendered metaphors and their variability according to politicians’ political roles and different rhetorical sections in their speeches.
{"title":"A multifactorial analysis of metaphors in political discourse","authors":"Huiheng Zeng, D. Tay, K. Ahrens","doi":"10.1075/msw.19016.zen","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.19016.zen","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The rising prominence of women in politics has sparked a growing interest in comparing the language of male and\u0000 female politicians. Many researchers have explored whether gender in politics has had an impact on their metaphor styles. While\u0000 these studies have been oriented qualitatively and have concentrated on the two-way interaction between metaphor and gender, the\u0000 possibility that metaphor and gender may interact with other additional factors is largely overlooked. This article adopts a\u0000 quantitatively oriented approach complemented with textual analysis to explore potential multiple-way interactions between\u0000 ‘metaphor’, ‘gender’, ‘speech section’ and ‘political role’ in political discourse. By conducting a case study of metaphor use in\u0000 Hong Kong political speeches, we found evidence of gendered metaphors and their variability according to politicians’ political\u0000 roles and different rhetorical sections in their speeches.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43930927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Piquer-Píriz, A. M. & R. Alejo-González (Eds.). (2018). Applying Cognitive Linguistics. Figurative Language\u0000 in Use, Constructions and Typology","authors":"Katarina Rasulić","doi":"10.1075/msw.19025.ras","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.19025.ras","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Applying Cognitive Linguistics. Figurative Language in Use, Constructions and Typology 97890272015399789027263452","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43074356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The conceptualization of abstract concepts is very often metaphorical, meaning that we think and talk about abstract concepts in terms of other, usually more concrete experiences. Recent research suggests that many abstract concepts are linked to bodily sensations. In two experiments, we tested a hypothesis about weight as an embodiment of difficulty. We hypothesized that participants wearing a heavy backpack would judge a psychomotor task to be more difficult than participants wearing an empty backpack. We also hypothesized that manipulation of psychomotor task difficulty would affect judgement of backpack heaviness. In line with our hypothesis, the results demonstrated that participants wearing a heavy backpack judged the task to be more difficult. The results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that, regardless of task difficulty, there was no difference in weight judgement when backpack weight was estimated on a 7-point scale. However, we found a difference in the judgement of backpack weight when participants were asked to express it in kilograms, where weight was judged to be lower by participants doing the easy task than by those doing the difficult task.
{"title":"Is a difficult task literally heavy?","authors":"M. Tonković, M. Brdar, Kristina Š. Despot","doi":"10.1075/msw.18032.ton","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.18032.ton","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The conceptualization of abstract concepts is very often metaphorical, meaning that we think and talk about abstract concepts in terms of other, usually more concrete experiences. Recent research suggests that many abstract concepts are linked to bodily sensations. In two experiments, we tested a hypothesis about weight as an embodiment of difficulty. We hypothesized that participants wearing a heavy backpack would judge a psychomotor task to be more difficult than participants wearing an empty backpack. We also hypothesized that manipulation of psychomotor task difficulty would affect judgement of backpack heaviness. In line with our hypothesis, the results demonstrated that participants wearing a heavy backpack judged the task to be more difficult. The results of Experiment 2 demonstrated that, regardless of task difficulty, there was no difference in weight judgement when backpack weight was estimated on a 7-point scale. However, we found a difference in the judgement of backpack weight when participants were asked to express it in kilograms, where weight was judged to be lower by participants doing the easy task than by those doing the difficult task.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49351111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Petruck, M. R. L. (Ed.). (2018). MetaNet","authors":"Stephen McGregor","doi":"10.1075/msw.19024.mcg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.19024.mcg","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46453960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As part of an on-going project to apply metaphor analysis to understanding the cultural polarization that has recently obstructed discourse about political and cultural issues in both the United States and Europe, this essay examines the lexical, grammatical, and story metaphors in a recent editorial column, by conservative columnist Ross Douthat, that also focuses on this topic. In a key section of the essay, Douthat uses a blend of complex grammatical and lexical metaphors to highlight the contrast between the traditional American identity narrative of settlement and conquest and a recently emerged liberal counter-narrative, which Douthat epitomizes by quoting former President Obama’s repeated insistence that “That’s not who we are.” Douthat’s argument is contextualized by the reproduction of an image with the title “Engraving of a massacre of Indian women and children in Idaho by 19th century white settlers,” which strengthens the contrasts and implied ironies embedded in his complex combination of grammatical and lexical metaphors. These relationships are brought into sharp focus through the metaphor-led analysis of the text and its interaction with the image, demonstrating the value of this approach to discourse analysis.
{"title":"Reclaiming a unified American narrative","authors":"L. Ritchie","doi":"10.1075/msw.18019.rit","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.18019.rit","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000As part of an on-going project to apply metaphor analysis to understanding the cultural polarization that has recently obstructed discourse about political and cultural issues in both the United States and Europe, this essay examines the lexical, grammatical, and story metaphors in a recent editorial column, by conservative columnist Ross Douthat, that also focuses on this topic. In a key section of the essay, Douthat uses a blend of complex grammatical and lexical metaphors to highlight the contrast between the traditional American identity narrative of settlement and conquest and a recently emerged liberal counter-narrative, which Douthat epitomizes by quoting former President Obama’s repeated insistence that “That’s not who we are.” Douthat’s argument is contextualized by the reproduction of an image with the title “Engraving of a massacre of Indian women and children in Idaho by 19th century white settlers,” which strengthens the contrasts and implied ironies embedded in his complex combination of grammatical and lexical metaphors. These relationships are brought into sharp focus through the metaphor-led analysis of the text and its interaction with the image, demonstrating the value of this approach to discourse analysis.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44429838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Metaphores de l’Austerite et Austerite des Metaphores 978-2-343-13801-5
本文回顾了奥斯特里特的隐喻和奥斯特里特的隐喻978-2-343-13801-5
{"title":"W. Kudszus & R. Trim (2018). Métaphores de l’Austérité et Austérité des Métaphores / Metaphors of Austerity and the Austerity of Metaphors","authors":"Justine Paris","doi":"10.1075/msw.19003.par","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.19003.par","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Metaphores de l’Austerite et Austerite des Metaphores 978-2-343-13801-5","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43919456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joachim Peters, Natalie Dykes, M. Habermann, C. Ostgathe, M. Heckel
The study investigates the usage of metaphorical structures in the German press discourse on multi-resistant pathogens in the clinical context by applying methods of qualitative discourse analysis to a corpus of 900 newspaper and magazine articles published between 1995–2015. The study shows that metaphors are of key importance for the processes of knowledge transfer, emotion production and persuasion. Metaphors are assigned to one of three general principles (mechanising explanation patterns, gain and loss of control, agentivity and personification) and to seven dominant source domains which structure the discourse through frequent argumentation structures: war, economy, space, machines, water, police and crime, sports and games. The occurrence of metaphor is – as previous research in other areas has shown – universal to all examined press texts; variation is limited to the thematic focus of individual argumentation structures between the different texts.
{"title":"Metaphors in German newspaper articles on multidrug-resistant bacteria in clinical contexts, 1995–2015","authors":"Joachim Peters, Natalie Dykes, M. Habermann, C. Ostgathe, M. Heckel","doi":"10.1075/msw.18006.pet","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/msw.18006.pet","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study investigates the usage of metaphorical structures in the German press discourse on multi-resistant\u0000 pathogens in the clinical context by applying methods of qualitative discourse analysis to a corpus of 900 newspaper and magazine\u0000 articles published between 1995–2015. The study shows that metaphors are of key importance for the processes of knowledge\u0000 transfer, emotion production and persuasion. Metaphors are assigned to one of three general principles (mechanising explanation\u0000 patterns, gain and loss of control, agentivity and personification) and to seven dominant source domains which structure the\u0000 discourse through frequent argumentation structures: war, economy, space, machines, water, police and crime, sports and games. The\u0000 occurrence of metaphor is – as previous research in other areas has shown – universal to all examined press texts; variation is limited to the thematic focus of individual argumentation structures between the different texts.","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41414454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article offers a model of translation which frames semantic relations between source- and target-text elements in terms of metonymy, and translation in terms of metonymic processing. Translators/interpreters constantly use approximations rather than exact one-to-one correspondences in their work, as meaning making is by nature partial and built-in matches between language systems do not exist. Approximation is identified as a recurrent theme in Translation Studies, while Metonymy Studies is seen as providing a toolkit for describing in detail the approximate semantic relations between source- and target-text elements. Models from Metonymy Studies are applied to two translation case studies and a translation revision case study. An original typology of metonymic relations is proposed based on whether or not source and target are encoded linguistically as vehicle and topic respectively. It is concluded that the semantic relations between source- and target-text elements in translation are distinctive in two respects: (1) they are characterized by facetization and zone activation rather than metonymization; (2) they are examples of Topic metonymy (both source and target concepts are encoded) and Code-switching metonymy (the source and target concepts are encoded in different languages).
{"title":"Employing cognitive metonymy theory in the analysis of semantic relations between source and target text in\u0000 translation","authors":"C. Denroche","doi":"10.1075/MSW.18024.DER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/MSW.18024.DER","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article offers a model of translation which frames semantic relations between source- and target-text\u0000 elements in terms of metonymy, and translation in terms of metonymic processing. Translators/interpreters constantly use\u0000 approximations rather than exact one-to-one correspondences in their work, as meaning making is by nature partial and built-in\u0000 matches between language systems do not exist. Approximation is identified as a recurrent theme in Translation Studies, while\u0000 Metonymy Studies is seen as providing a toolkit for describing in detail the approximate semantic relations between source- and\u0000 target-text elements. Models from Metonymy Studies are applied to two translation case studies and a translation revision case\u0000 study. An original typology of metonymic relations is proposed based on whether or not source and target are encoded\u0000 linguistically as vehicle and topic respectively. It is concluded that the semantic relations between source- and target-text\u0000 elements in translation are distinctive in two respects: (1) they are characterized by facetization and zone activation rather\u0000 than metonymization; (2) they are examples of Topic metonymy (both source and target concepts are encoded) and Code-switching\u0000 metonymy (the source and target concepts are encoded in different languages).","PeriodicalId":51936,"journal":{"name":"Metaphor and the Social World","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42671909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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