Y. Ünüvar, Fundagül Bilgiç Zortuk, T. Özer, K. Beycan
Background: This study aimed to compare the minimum axial (min Ax) area and the volumes of the nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) airways of patients with Class II malocclusion with different sagittal positions of the mandible and maxilla and patients with Class I malocclusion with normal jaw positions. Methods: Airway areas and volumes of 51 patients with Class I malocclusion with normal maxillary and mandibular positions (0 < ANB < 4, 84 > SNA > 80, and 82 > SNB > 78) were compared with 21 patients with Class II malocclusion with normal maxillary and retrognathic mandibular positions (ANB>4, 84>SNA>80, and SNB<78) and 21 patients with Class II malocclusion with prognathic maxillary and normal mandibular positions (ANB>4, SNA>84, and 82>SNB>78). Results: In the comparison of airway measurements between Class I and Class II groups, significant differences were found in the OP airway volume, total airway volume, and minimum OP axial area. Patients with Class II mandibular retrusion had smaller OP airway volume. The total airway volume and min Ax area were significantly lower in the Class II mandibular retrusion group than in other groups. Conclusions: The sagittal position of the jaws affects the OP airway volume and the minimum axial airway area, but not the NP airway volume.
{"title":"The Pharyngeal Airways of Patients with Class II Malocclusion: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis","authors":"Y. Ünüvar, Fundagül Bilgiç Zortuk, T. Özer, K. Beycan","doi":"10.7454/msk.v25i2.1272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v25i2.1272","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to compare the minimum axial (min Ax) area and the volumes of the nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) airways of patients with Class II malocclusion with different sagittal positions of the mandible and maxilla and patients with Class I malocclusion with normal jaw positions. Methods: Airway areas and volumes of 51 patients with Class I malocclusion with normal maxillary and mandibular positions (0 < ANB < 4, 84 > SNA > 80, and 82 > SNB > 78) were compared with 21 patients with Class II malocclusion with normal maxillary and retrognathic mandibular positions (ANB>4, 84>SNA>80, and SNB<78) and 21 patients with Class II malocclusion with prognathic maxillary and normal mandibular positions (ANB>4, SNA>84, and 82>SNB>78). Results: In the comparison of airway measurements between Class I and Class II groups, significant differences were found in the OP airway volume, total airway volume, and minimum OP axial area. Patients with Class II mandibular retrusion had smaller OP airway volume. The total airway volume and min Ax area were significantly lower in the Class II mandibular retrusion group than in other groups. Conclusions: The sagittal position of the jaws affects the OP airway volume and the minimum axial airway area, but not the NP airway volume.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90206216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nesibe Yildiz, A. Yılmaz, H. Iskender, E. Dokumacioglu
Background: Breast milk is a very important functional food in the prevention of metabolic and chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking during pregnancy on the concentrations of nesfatin-1, irisin, and oxidative stress markers in breast milk. Methods: This study included two groups of 14 smoking and 14 nonsmoking mothers. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured according to the spectrophotometric method in breast milk samples. Nesfatin and irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Levels of nesfatin-1 and MDA of the smoking group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The SOD activity of the smoking group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the breast milk irisin level between the study groups (p > 0.050). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking increases MDA level and decreases SOD activity in breast milk. Nesfatin-1 levels would increase in accordance with increased oxidative stress, and nesfatin-1 acts as a protective mechanism to limit oxidative damage.
{"title":"Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Breast Milk Levels of Nesfatin-1, Irisin, and Oxidative Stress Markers","authors":"Nesibe Yildiz, A. Yılmaz, H. Iskender, E. Dokumacioglu","doi":"10.7454/msk.v25i3.1294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v25i3.1294","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast milk is a very important functional food in the prevention of metabolic and chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking during pregnancy on the concentrations of nesfatin-1, irisin, and oxidative stress markers in breast milk. Methods: This study included two groups of 14 smoking and 14 nonsmoking mothers. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured according to the spectrophotometric method in breast milk samples. Nesfatin and irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Levels of nesfatin-1 and MDA of the smoking group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The SOD activity of the smoking group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the breast milk irisin level between the study groups (p > 0.050). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking increases MDA level and decreases SOD activity in breast milk. Nesfatin-1 levels would increase in accordance with increased oxidative stress, and nesfatin-1 acts as a protective mechanism to limit oxidative damage.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79725579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farhan F. Alshammari, R. Mostoles, Eddieson Pasay-an, Sultan Alshammari
Background: This study explores and assesses the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of mainstream workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Ha'il Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Using convergent parallel mixed-methods design, 502 frontline workers were enlisted via snowball and purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Results: There is a well-prepared response to COVID-19, namely, a commendable knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) gap documented in reliable information concerning the virus, specifically, awareness that COVID-19 can be a potentially fatal disease (100%);that droplets from infected people (29.8%) can spread the disease;and taking actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the community can save their lives. Four themes and three subthemes yielded: (1) actual, tangible knowledge with subtheme pieces of information;(2) the extent of danger with subtheme uncertainties;(3) precautionary measures;and (4) a yearning to know more, with the subtheme of novel information. Conclusions: Communication among health authorities and at-risk individuals in response to COVID-19 must be facilitated. This is to support those in the healthcare industry in shaping an intervention strategy that emphasizes both preparation and protection.
{"title":"A Convergent Parallel Study on Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes of Mainstream Workers during COVID-19","authors":"Farhan F. Alshammari, R. Mostoles, Eddieson Pasay-an, Sultan Alshammari","doi":"10.7454/msk.v25i2.1276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v25i2.1276","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study explores and assesses the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of mainstream workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Ha'il Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Using convergent parallel mixed-methods design, 502 frontline workers were enlisted via snowball and purposive sampling. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Results: There is a well-prepared response to COVID-19, namely, a commendable knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) gap documented in reliable information concerning the virus, specifically, awareness that COVID-19 can be a potentially fatal disease (100%);that droplets from infected people (29.8%) can spread the disease;and taking actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the community can save their lives. Four themes and three subthemes yielded: (1) actual, tangible knowledge with subtheme pieces of information;(2) the extent of danger with subtheme uncertainties;(3) precautionary measures;and (4) a yearning to know more, with the subtheme of novel information. Conclusions: Communication among health authorities and at-risk individuals in response to COVID-19 must be facilitated. This is to support those in the healthcare industry in shaping an intervention strategy that emphasizes both preparation and protection.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81383568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to assess the preventive behaviors, barriers, and drivers, including the knowledge and self-efficacy of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak by using a self-administered questionnaire. The instrument used was adopted from the World Health Organization resources. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the categorical data. Chi-square and independent t-test were performed to evaluate the associations between the variables and preventive behaviors. Results: A total of 465 (97.3%) respondents were recorded. The mean age was 34.3 +/- 11.8 years old. A high percentage of the respondents (99.4%) were aware of the COVID-19 outbreak, and their knowledge mean score was 18.74 (Standard Deviation [SD]: 2.51). The mean scores of self-efficacy, barriers, and drivers were 11.07 (SD: 1.72), 5.20 (SD: 2.81), and 39.71 (SD: 5.17), respectively. Barriers (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.10;95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.21;p < 0.05) and drivers (OR: 1.12;95% CI: 1.07, 1.17;p < 0.001) were found to be predictors for social distancing practices. Conclusions: Knowledge and self-efficacy were found to be at good levels, whereas self-efficacy, barriers, and drivers were revealed to be the predictive factors in determining the preventive behaviors. Adherence to preventive measures was largely affected by the behavioral drivers.
{"title":"Preventive Behaviors, Barriers, and Drivers of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Survey","authors":"N. A. Malik, R. Mohd, N. Kadir","doi":"10.7454/msk.v25i2.1265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v25i2.1265","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to assess the preventive behaviors, barriers, and drivers, including the knowledge and self-efficacy of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the COVID-19 outbreak by using a self-administered questionnaire. The instrument used was adopted from the World Health Organization resources. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the categorical data. Chi-square and independent t-test were performed to evaluate the associations between the variables and preventive behaviors. Results: A total of 465 (97.3%) respondents were recorded. The mean age was 34.3 +/- 11.8 years old. A high percentage of the respondents (99.4%) were aware of the COVID-19 outbreak, and their knowledge mean score was 18.74 (Standard Deviation [SD]: 2.51). The mean scores of self-efficacy, barriers, and drivers were 11.07 (SD: 1.72), 5.20 (SD: 2.81), and 39.71 (SD: 5.17), respectively. Barriers (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.10;95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.21;p < 0.05) and drivers (OR: 1.12;95% CI: 1.07, 1.17;p < 0.001) were found to be predictors for social distancing practices. Conclusions: Knowledge and self-efficacy were found to be at good levels, whereas self-efficacy, barriers, and drivers were revealed to be the predictive factors in determining the preventive behaviors. Adherence to preventive measures was largely affected by the behavioral drivers.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90119329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The postnatal complication that occurs in the first week after childbirth is one of the causes of maternal death in Indonesia. However, it can be prevented with postnatal care (PNC). This study aims to analyze the determinants of PNC service utilization in Indonesia. Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional study design and used secondary data from the Indonesian Health and Demographics Survey of 2017. The sample consisted of 14,724 women aged 15–49 years. We assessed the predictors of PNC service utilization using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: About 78.4% of the respondents utilized PNC services. The factors that have a significant association with PNC service utilization include the following: college and secondary of level education, working status, high economic status, residence in the Java–Bali region, delivery assistance by a health worker, delivery by cesarean section, and complete antenatal care during pregnancy. Among these, residence in the Java–Bali region is the most dominant factor associated with PNC service utilization in Indonesia. Conclusions: The difference area is a key factor in PNC service utilization. Government efforts to improve PNC service utilization must consider the equitable distribution of health facilities and health workers throughout the country.
{"title":"Determinants of Postnatal Care Service Utilization in Indonesia: A Secondary Analysis Using the Indonesian Health and Demographics Survey","authors":"Haerawati Idris, Willyana Syafriyanti","doi":"10.7454/MSK.V25I1.1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MSK.V25I1.1260","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The postnatal complication that occurs in the first week after childbirth is one of the causes of maternal death in Indonesia. However, it can be prevented with postnatal care (PNC). This study aims to analyze the determinants of PNC service utilization in Indonesia. Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional study design and used secondary data from the Indonesian Health and Demographics Survey of 2017. The sample consisted of 14,724 women aged 15–49 years. We assessed the predictors of PNC service utilization using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: About 78.4% of the respondents utilized PNC services. The factors that have a significant association with PNC service utilization include the following: college and secondary of level education, working status, high economic status, residence in the Java–Bali region, delivery assistance by a health worker, delivery by cesarean section, and complete antenatal care during pregnancy. Among these, residence in the Java–Bali region is the most dominant factor associated with PNC service utilization in Indonesia. Conclusions: The difference area is a key factor in PNC service utilization. Government efforts to improve PNC service utilization must consider the equitable distribution of health facilities and health workers throughout the country.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"65 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85669654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Alreshidi, Nojoud Abdullah Daaya Alreshidi, Ebaa Felemban, Ferdinand Gonzales
Background: Although policies and guidelines may not always be optimal in all settings, a tailor-fitted guideline is appropriate. This study aims to determine the differences in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Saudi citizens toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Saudi Citizens on COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-region Survey","authors":"M. Alreshidi, Nojoud Abdullah Daaya Alreshidi, Ebaa Felemban, Ferdinand Gonzales","doi":"10.7454/msk.v25i3.1301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v25i3.1301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although policies and guidelines may not always be optimal in all settings, a tailor-fitted guideline is appropriate. This study aims to determine the differences in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Saudi citizens toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84380920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Urbanization and economic development in Myanmar have brought about culture and dietary transition from a traditional to a westernized diet. The health of the nation, especially the youth, may influence the changing dietary patterns: i.e., the higher the soft drink consumption, the higher the prevalence of soft drink-related diseases. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 middle school students in North Okkalarpa Township, Yangon Region. Data were collected using self-structured questionnaires, and respondents were selected by using simple random sampling method. Results: In this study, 81.2% of the students consumed soft drink once a day, and the main reasons were taste, preference, and availability at home. Chi-square test showed significant relationship between gender and soft drink consumption patterns (p = 0.005), and a strong significant relationship was observed between education level and soft drink consumption patterns (p = 0.000). However, Kruskal–Wallis statistics showed significant relationship between education level and soft drink consumption habit (p = 0.003). Conclusions: This study focused on the knowledge regarding soft drink, habits, and consumption patterns among students. This study highlighted that knowledge of preventive measures of non-communicable diseases since school age can also reduce the disease burden of Myanmar.
{"title":"Soft Drink Consumption Patterns of Middle School Students in North Okkalarpa","authors":"Moh Moh Thwe, Sein Yaw May, M. Aung","doi":"10.7454/MSK.V25I1.1258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MSK.V25I1.1258","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urbanization and economic development in Myanmar have brought about culture and dietary transition from a traditional to a westernized diet. The health of the nation, especially the youth, may influence the changing dietary patterns: i.e., the higher the soft drink consumption, the higher the prevalence of soft drink-related diseases. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 middle school students in North Okkalarpa Township, Yangon Region. Data were collected using self-structured questionnaires, and respondents were selected by using simple random sampling method. Results: In this study, 81.2% of the students consumed soft drink once a day, and the main reasons were taste, preference, and availability at home. Chi-square test showed significant relationship between gender and soft drink consumption patterns (p = 0.005), and a strong significant relationship was observed between education level and soft drink consumption patterns (p = 0.000). However, Kruskal–Wallis statistics showed significant relationship between education level and soft drink consumption habit (p = 0.003). Conclusions: This study focused on the knowledge regarding soft drink, habits, and consumption patterns among students. This study highlighted that knowledge of preventive measures of non-communicable diseases since school age can also reduce the disease burden of Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75547586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of dizziness in older community-dwelling adults in India. Methods: The cross-sectional sample was composed of 21,343 individuals (≥65 years) from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 in 2017–2018. Dizziness was assessed by determining if the individuals suffered from “persistent or troublesome dizziness or light headedness” in the past 2 years. Results: Women and men had the overall prevalence of 14.6%/17.2% and 11.6% in past 2-year dizziness, respectively. Adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that sociodemographic factors (female sex), physical chronic conditions (angina), geriatric conditions (incontinence and impaired vision), stress and mental health (poor or fail self-rated health, perceived discrimination, neurological or psychiatric problems, insomnia symptoms, persistent headaches, and severe fatigue or exhaustion) and health risk behavior (tobacco use) were positively associated with dizziness. Conclusions: One in seven older adults in India had past 2-year dizziness. The factors associated with dizziness included female sex, angina, incontinence, impaired vision, poor or fair self-rated health, perceived discrimination, neurological or psychiatric problems, insomnia symptoms, persistent headaches, severe fatigue or exhaustion, and tobacco use.
{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dizziness Among a National Community-Dwelling Sample of Older Adults in India in 2017–2018","authors":"S. Pengpid, K. Peltzer","doi":"10.7454/msk.v25i3.1297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v25i3.1297","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of dizziness in older community-dwelling adults in India. Methods: The cross-sectional sample was composed of 21,343 individuals (≥65 years) from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 in 2017–2018. Dizziness was assessed by determining if the individuals suffered from “persistent or troublesome dizziness or light headedness” in the past 2 years. Results: Women and men had the overall prevalence of 14.6%/17.2% and 11.6% in past 2-year dizziness, respectively. Adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that sociodemographic factors (female sex), physical chronic conditions (angina), geriatric conditions (incontinence and impaired vision), stress and mental health (poor or fail self-rated health, perceived discrimination, neurological or psychiatric problems, insomnia symptoms, persistent headaches, and severe fatigue or exhaustion) and health risk behavior (tobacco use) were positively associated with dizziness. Conclusions: One in seven older adults in India had past 2-year dizziness. The factors associated with dizziness included female sex, angina, incontinence, impaired vision, poor or fair self-rated health, perceived discrimination, neurological or psychiatric problems, insomnia symptoms, persistent headaches, severe fatigue or exhaustion, and tobacco use.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79040160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sushmita Karmokar, Md Ashraful Islam, Mohammad Hamid Al Muktadir, Rakibul Hasan, Abu Montakim Tareq, M. Amin, Talha Bin, Emran
Background: With its rapid spread, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a detrimental effect on students' psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes due to indefinite educational leaves, lockdowns, restricted outdoor activities, and excess use of social media. This study aims to assess the relationship of social media exposure with the psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes of Bangladeshi university students. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on 530 students from June 17 to July 10, 2020, to evaluate psychological well-being, depression, behavioral changes, and social media exposure via self-reported measures. Results: The prevalence of factors were as follows: poor psychological well-being was 24.9%;moderate to severe depression was 56.6%;severe behavioral changes was 32.1%;and of moderate to severe addiction to social media exposure was 38.3%. All factors were positively associated with social media exposure. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the addiction of participants to social media was 7.488 times higher with severe behavioral changes (OR: 7.488;95% CI 4.708-11.909), 2.299 times higher with poor psychological functioning (OR: 2.299;95% CI 1.421-3.721), 30.54 times higher with severe depressed (OR: 30.54;95% CI 15.0-62.177) than that of individuals without such symptoms. Conclusions: The above findings imply that the government needs to pay greater attention to improve the overall situation of Bangladeshi university students.
背景:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行迅速蔓延，由于无限期停课、封锁、限制户外活动和过度使用社交媒体，对学生的心理健康、抑郁和行为改变产生了不利影响。本研究旨在评估孟加拉大学生社交媒体暴露与心理健康、抑郁和行为改变的关系。方法:从2020年6月17日至7月10日，对530名学生进行了一项基于网络的横断面调查，通过自我报告的方式评估心理健康、抑郁、行为变化和社交媒体曝光。结果:心理健康不良的患病率为24.9%，中度至重度抑郁的患病率为56.6%，重度行为改变的患病率为32.1%，中度至重度社交媒体依赖的患病率为38.3%。所有因素都与社交媒体曝光呈正相关。多因素logistic回归显示，重度行为改变组社交媒体成瘾程度是无此类症状组的7.488倍(OR: 7.488;95% CI 4.708 ~ 11.909)，重度心理功能障碍组社交媒体成瘾程度是无此类症状组的2.299倍(OR: 2.299;95% CI 1.421 ~ 3.721)，重度抑郁组社交媒体成瘾程度是无此类症状组的30.54倍(OR: 30.54;95% CI 15.0 ~ 62.177)。结论:以上研究结果表明，政府需要更加重视改善孟加拉国大学生的整体状况。
{"title":"Depression and Behavioral Changes Associated with Social Media Dependency During COVID-19 Pandemic Among University Students in Bangladesh: A Cross- Sectional Study","authors":"Sushmita Karmokar, Md Ashraful Islam, Mohammad Hamid Al Muktadir, Rakibul Hasan, Abu Montakim Tareq, M. Amin, Talha Bin, Emran","doi":"10.7454/msk.v25i3.1303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v25i3.1303","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With its rapid spread, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a detrimental effect on students' psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes due to indefinite educational leaves, lockdowns, restricted outdoor activities, and excess use of social media. This study aims to assess the relationship of social media exposure with the psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes of Bangladeshi university students. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on 530 students from June 17 to July 10, 2020, to evaluate psychological well-being, depression, behavioral changes, and social media exposure via self-reported measures. Results: The prevalence of factors were as follows: poor psychological well-being was 24.9%;moderate to severe depression was 56.6%;severe behavioral changes was 32.1%;and of moderate to severe addiction to social media exposure was 38.3%. All factors were positively associated with social media exposure. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the addiction of participants to social media was 7.488 times higher with severe behavioral changes (OR: 7.488;95% CI 4.708-11.909), 2.299 times higher with poor psychological functioning (OR: 2.299;95% CI 1.421-3.721), 30.54 times higher with severe depressed (OR: 30.54;95% CI 15.0-62.177) than that of individuals without such symptoms. Conclusions: The above findings imply that the government needs to pay greater attention to improve the overall situation of Bangladeshi university students.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86460469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: With the increasing needs of the aging population and the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, assessment of the equity and accessibility of health care among the elderly has become important. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from December 2018 to December 2019 among 225 elderly to describe the factors influencing health service utilization. Multistage sampling was applied, and structured questionnaire was used to interview the elderly. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were performed in data analysis. Results: The average age of the respondents was 71.7 ± 8.17 years old, and 68.4% of the respondents utilized health services within a year. Although sex, health habit, and diagnosed chronic disease were associated with health service utilization in bivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression results reported that physical exercise [adjusted odd ratios (AOR) = 3.02, 95%CI: 1.07–8.53], financial support of family [AOR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.00–7.69], perceived transportation cost [AOR = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.01–0.54], accessibility to health care personnel [AOR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.04–0.50], and perceived health status [AOR = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.01–0.09] were predictors of health service utilization. Conclusion: This study highlighted the significant influence of perceived health status, financial support of family, perceived transportation cost, and accessibility to health care personnel referred to the possible indicators of health care inequality issues.
{"title":"Factors influencing health service utilization among the elderly in Insein Township, Yangon Region","authors":"S. Hlaing, Naw Clara, Aye Nanda Han","doi":"10.7454/msk.v24i3.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/msk.v24i3.1223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the increasing needs of the aging population and the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, assessment of the equity and accessibility of health care among the elderly has become important. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from December 2018 to December 2019 among 225 elderly to describe the factors influencing health service utilization. Multistage sampling was applied, and structured questionnaire was used to interview the elderly. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were performed in data analysis. Results: The average age of the respondents was 71.7 ± 8.17 years old, and 68.4% of the respondents utilized health services within a year. Although sex, health habit, and diagnosed chronic disease were associated with health service utilization in bivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression results reported that physical exercise [adjusted odd ratios (AOR) = 3.02, 95%CI: 1.07–8.53], financial support of family [AOR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.00–7.69], perceived transportation cost [AOR = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.01–0.54], accessibility to health care personnel [AOR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.04–0.50], and perceived health status [AOR = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.01–0.09] were predictors of health service utilization. Conclusion: This study highlighted the significant influence of perceived health status, financial support of family, perceived transportation cost, and accessibility to health care personnel referred to the possible indicators of health care inequality issues.","PeriodicalId":51994,"journal":{"name":"Makara Journal of Health Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"208-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79366395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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