Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2020.1795347
Kyle Allan
With poems that convey concisely the existential state of living in precarity, Mxolisi Nyezwa offers a unique and crucial voice in South African literature. This article discusses representations of precarity and related concepts of “slow death” (Berlant 2007), “slow violence” (Nixon 2011), and “cruel optimism” (Berlant 2011), focusing on several selected poems from Nyezwa’s (2011) volume Malikhanye. The article engages with his ability to react to precarity via the revitalisation of language and the effective mobilisation of innovative aesthetic strategies. Nyezwa’s poems foreground the precarity that has been experienced through socio-politico-economic factors, including the often neglected factor of environmental degradation; they also emphasise the process(es) of grieving and the concept of grievability, and encourage an embrace of human vulnerability, while simultaneously connecting personal loss to the greater context of societal precarity. His work reveals that a revitalisation of poetic language can react to and challenge precarity.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2020.1795352
A. Gagiano
Despite being a memoir and not a novel, Jal's text is both carefully shaped and affectively complex; amenable to a literary reading along its intersecting axes of precarity, protectedness and power. Child soldier texts have become icons of ambiguous precarity in African literary studies. WARchild enlarges this scope in vividly evoking the protected family life of a war-affected child prior to military participation as an actual boy soldier who then looks for refuge and protection in power, brutality and bloodshed. Jal details the forms of precarity impinging on the child during wartime, in the post-war youth's existence as well as the initially short-lived and fragile shelters available to the socially damaged misfit in the long struggle to cope with if not overcome post-war precarities. Although co-authored, the text throughout convincingly articulates Jal's single voice as a powerful witness against and interrogator of war – especially but not exclusively in its incorporation of children into military action. The article traces this delineation of evolving precarity, kinds of protectedness sought, found and tested, and power forms that impinge upon and are entered into by the boy soldier subject.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2020.1795346
Marzia Milazzo
This essay reads Unathi Slasha’s Jah Hills (2019 [2017]) in light of Afropessimism to argue that the novel articulates a grammar of Black suffering and offers a staunch critique of antiblackness and white supremacy. Through the character of Jah Hills, who inhabits the limbo between life and death, the novel reflects upon how slavery continues to shape the ontological position and everyday lives of Black people as they remain subjected to premature death. In the process, Jah Hills throws white theories of precarity into crisis as well as disrupts the antiblack politics of sentimentality as the story is told from the perspective of Jah-turned-isithunzela, a creature that, rather than primarily eliciting the sympathy of the reader, wreaks havoc on the living. An extended meditation on the political ontology of Blackness, Jah Hills can be read as an allegory of the Black condition, one that is not simply defined by precarity, but by a more fundamental deprivation as life itself is not guaranteed.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2020.1795348
Sandra Young
The strategies with which a new generation of feminist activists have made visible the impact of gender-based violence have rendered bodies legible in the public discourses that challenge the social norms of everyday life in post-apartheid South Africa. This article considers the implications of public nakedness for an understanding of precarity not only as a condition but also as a resource for the politics of resistance. It examines the testimonies of activists involved in the Fallist protests on university campuses in 2016, as well as some antecedents of this form of protest: the women who participated in the Dobsonville township protests of 1990 as seen in the documentary, Uku Hamba ‘Ze – To Walk Naked (Maingard, Meintjes and Thompson 1995), and the protest strategies adopted within the women’s peace movement in Liberia, as recounted in the documentary, Pray the Devil Back to Hell (Disney and Reticker 2008).
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2020.1795344
R. A. Northover
The article applies both Judith Butler’s notion of precarity and her Freudian approach to an analysis of Fiona Snyckers’s novel Lacuna (2019a). Using Freudian psychoanalysis to analyse the structure of Lucy’s trauma and to trace the process of her healing, I argue that, although the process is uneven and its outcome partial, it traces a movement from the darkness of her trauma to the illumination, following her name, of its cause as part of the process of healing. Although she claims her novel gives voice to Lucy, the silenced rape survivor of J M Coetzee’s Disgrace (1999), Snyckers has been accused of silencing the voices of the black victims of sexual violence and exploitation – those most exposed to precarity. However, I argue that one of Snyckers’s central concerns is to critique the privileges enjoyed by the white middle class.
本文运用朱迪斯·巴特勒的不稳定性概念和弗洛伊德的方法来分析Fiona·斯奈克斯的小说《拉库纳》（2019a）。使用弗洛伊德精神分析法来分析露西创伤的结构，并追踪她的治愈过程，我认为，尽管这个过程是不均衡的，其结果是部分的，但它追踪了一个从她创伤的黑暗到其原因的光明的运动，这是治愈过程的一部分。尽管Snyckers声称她的小说为J M Coetzee的《耻辱》（1999）中沉默的强奸幸存者Lucy发声，但她被指控压制了性暴力和性剥削的黑人受害者——那些最容易受到不稳定影响的人——的声音。然而，我认为Snyckers的核心关注点之一是批评白人中产阶级享有的特权。
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2020.1795340
C. Stobie
This article offers a literary analysis of a prize-winning South African novel, Hunger Eats a Man (2015), by Nkosinathi Sithole. I analyse the political and cultural history and sexual politics represented in the novel by employing a theoretical nexus of precarity studies as it intersects with feminist, subaltern and postcolonial studies, enabling challenges to Eurocentric models of the precariat. I outline the conditions creating the precarity of certain characters, textually compared to slavery, and the effects of the economic gap between the black middle class and the desperately poor, rural slum-dwellers. Poverty and the abuse of women are both seen as forms of inadmissible exploitation in the novel, although the text refutes the possibility of a natural alliance between the struggles against the two forms of oppression. Using the theoretical work of Pumla Dineo Gqola on rape, I focus on voice, perspective, agency, subversion and resistance in examining the novel’s representations of sexual abuse, rape and violent retribution. I note the implications of the story-within-a-story revolutionary narrative about the starving poor occupying the homes of the wealthy. Finally, I analyse the effects of techniques that shape readers positively, offering an ethical dimension that allows for social change.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2020.1795345
Lynn Clarke
This article notes the relevance of Selling LipService by Tammy Baikie (2017) at the contemporary moment, as it deals with capitalism, consumerism, language, branding, communication and liberty. The novel’s dystopian setting reveals characters’ precarity caused by the commercial exploitation of language. The article deploys Judith Butler’s theories of precarity, amplified by reference to Achille Mbembe’s concept of necropolitics. It further reveals the significance of theorists’ commentaries on language, branding and critical dystopianism, used as tools to investigate the novel. The article argues that Baikie’s critical dystopia highlights challenges to precarity through the original use of language and resistance by disaffected outsiders beyond the system, allowing readers to glimpse hopeful elements of social dreaming in and beyond the text.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2020.1795353
Naomi Nkealah
Contemporary Anglophone Cameroonian women’s literature is concerned with the ways in which African immigrant women in the USA are compelled by the American economic system to take on nursing jobs in the absence of alternatives. The play Visiting America (2006) by Anne Tanyi-Tang and the novel Behold the Dreamers (2016) by Imbolo Mbue address this phenomenon by presenting women characters who are being coerced, literally and figuratively, to enter the field of nursing as the only means of survival in America. Applying the theoretical ideas of precarity and precariousness, this article analyses the two selected texts to illustrate the precariousness of nursing for immigrant women in the USA, the glamourisation of this precariousness, and women’s resistance of this glamourisation.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1013929X.2020.1795349
Helga Ramsey–Kurz
This article offers a reading of Helon Habila’s latest novel Travellers, which was inspired by the onset of the so-called European refugee crisis in 2013. The essay pays special attention to the embodied act of narration and its exploitation by Habila as a mode of cultivating a compassionate understanding of forcibly displaced persons and their often precarious lives in prolonged transit. The analysis follows Butler’s idea of narrative as a mode, on the one hand, of humanising lives violently erased, as they all too often are in the event of involuntary migration, and, on the other, of restoring to “the ethically conscious” world their “capacity to mourn”, where it has been undermined by the systematic denial of human suffering by the nation state and dominant asylum discourse. Theoretical as this approach may appear at first glance, the essay’s goal is to demonstrate that, for Habila’s protagonist, learning to listen to other people’s stories properly and compassionately means to distance himself from the abstract projections of refugee subjecthood he himself endorses as the cosmopolitan intellectual he represents at the outset.
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