A. R. Ariza González, Alfredo De Jesus Jarma Orozco, Ana Isabel Pico Gonzalez, Juan de Dios Jaraba Navas, Yirlis Yadeth Pineda Rodriguez, Adriana Vallejo Isaza, Daniela Vegliante Arrieta, Diana Sofia Herazo Cárdenas
A strategy that could partially or totally reduce the use of chemical synthesis fertilizers is the application of cyanobacteria with agricultural potential that promote plant growth, which powers them in the conception of a sustainable agriculture. The study evaluated the effect of four concentrations of an extract of Limnospira maxima (0, 4, 8, and 12 mg mL-1), on some physiological aspects of Stevia rebaudiana and Solanum melongena in house vegetation. Treatments were arranged under a complete random design and parameters of gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, biometric characteristics and biomass distribution were measured. The most important results indicated that in Stevia rebaudiana and Solanum melongena the rates of net photosynthesis increased respectively by 40,03% and 22,45% when cyanobacteria was applied. On the other hand, plants of both species that were inoculated required less electrons to maximize their photosynthesis rates, increased leaf area, plant height and biomass distribution in roots and leaves. The most important physiological indicator was net photosynthesis and this was positively correlated with almost all the parameters studied. The results suggest that the use extracts of L. maxima may be a biotechnological alternative of organic fertilization useful for the development of sustainable agriculture.
一种可以部分或全部减少化学合成肥料使用量的策略是应用具有农业潜力的蓝藻来促进植物生长，这为可持续农业的概念提供了动力。该研究评估了四种浓度的 Limnospira maxima 提取物（0、4、8 和 12 毫克毫升/升-1）对室内植被中甜叶菊（Stevia rebaudiana）和瓜茄（Solanum melongena）某些生理方面的影响。各处理均采用完全随机设计，并测量了气体交换参数、叶绿素 a 荧光、生物计量特征和生物量分布。最重要的结果表明，施用蓝藻后，甜叶菊和瓜茄的净光合作用率分别提高了 40.03% 和 22.45%。另一方面，两种植物接种蓝藻后，需要更少的电子来最大限度地提高光合作用速率，叶面积、植株高度以及根和叶的生物量分布都有所增加。最重要的生理指标是净光合作用，它与几乎所有研究参数都呈正相关。研究结果表明，使用 L. maxima 的提取物可能是有机肥料的一种生物技术替代品，有助于发展可持续农业。
{"title":"Efecto del extracto de Limnospira maxima sobre parámetros fisiológicos de Stevia Stevia rebaudiana Bert. y berenjena Solanum melongena L. bajo condiciones controladas","authors":"A. R. Ariza González, Alfredo De Jesus Jarma Orozco, Ana Isabel Pico Gonzalez, Juan de Dios Jaraba Navas, Yirlis Yadeth Pineda Rodriguez, Adriana Vallejo Isaza, Daniela Vegliante Arrieta, Diana Sofia Herazo Cárdenas","doi":"10.21897/qcvsnn05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/qcvsnn05","url":null,"abstract":"A strategy that could partially or totally reduce the use of chemical synthesis fertilizers is the application of cyanobacteria with agricultural potential that promote plant growth, which powers them in the conception of a sustainable agriculture. The study evaluated the effect of four concentrations of an extract of Limnospira maxima (0, 4, 8, and 12 mg mL-1), on some physiological aspects of Stevia rebaudiana and Solanum melongena in house vegetation. Treatments were arranged under a complete random design and parameters of gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, biometric characteristics and biomass distribution were measured. The most important results indicated that in Stevia rebaudiana and Solanum melongena the rates of net photosynthesis increased respectively by 40,03% and 22,45% when cyanobacteria was applied. On the other hand, plants of both species that were inoculated required less electrons to maximize their photosynthesis rates, increased leaf area, plant height and biomass distribution in roots and leaves. The most important physiological indicator was net photosynthesis and this was positively correlated with almost all the parameters studied. The results suggest that the use extracts of L. maxima may be a biotechnological alternative of organic fertilization useful for the development of sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Martínez, Lilibet Tordecilla, María del V. Rodríguez, L. Grandett, Abelardo T. Díaz, Henry A. Ballesteros
The southern zone of the department of Córdoba Colombia, for more than two decades has been promoting the cultivation of cocoa as a productive alternative in the replacement of illicit crops. There is no evidence of a study documenting the technical and economic characterization of the cocoa production system. The objective of this work was to analyze the production system from a technical and economic point of view. The sample is made up of 158 farmers selected at random. The information included aspects related to this production system in the municipalities of Montelíbano, Puerto Libertador, Tierralta and Valencia. The economic returns were obtained by the technique of the concession with producers with experience. The producers with an average age of 57 years of which 77% are male and 23% are women, about the educational level, basic primary predominates with 54% and 20% not having access to any level of schooling. The production model is that of family farming, average yields are 570 k/ha-1. The average income per year is 5,687,500 $/ha-1 the costs are 5,041,015 COP. per hectare which allows the generation of surpluses. The internal rate of return is 36% higher than the capital opportunity cost. It is concluded that with the local technology the costs are recovered, and generate surpluses for the producer of 1658,984 COP per hectare per year.
{"title":"Análisis técnico y económico del sistema de producción de Theobroma cacao L. en el sur del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia","authors":"A. M. Martínez, Lilibet Tordecilla, María del V. Rodríguez, L. Grandett, Abelardo T. Díaz, Henry A. Ballesteros","doi":"10.21897/jar7m208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/jar7m208","url":null,"abstract":"The southern zone of the department of Córdoba Colombia, for more than two decades has been promoting the cultivation of cocoa as a productive alternative in the replacement of illicit crops. There is no evidence of a study documenting the technical and economic characterization of the cocoa production system. The objective of this work was to analyze the production system from a technical and economic point of view. The sample is made up of 158 farmers selected at random. The information included aspects related to this production system in the municipalities of Montelíbano, Puerto Libertador, Tierralta and Valencia. The economic returns were obtained by the technique of the concession with producers with experience. The producers with an average age of 57 years of which 77% are male and 23% are women, about the educational level, basic primary predominates with 54% and 20% not having access to any level of schooling. The production model is that of family farming, average yields are 570 k/ha-1. The average income per year is 5,687,500 $/ha-1 the costs are 5,041,015 COP. per hectare which allows the generation of surpluses. The internal rate of return is 36% higher than the capital opportunity cost. It is concluded that with the local technology the costs are recovered, and generate surpluses for the producer of 1658,984 COP per hectare per year.","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":"226 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lázaro J. Ojeda, Ramón A. Rivera, Juan J. De la Rosa
At present, the use of biofertilizers and protein plants in the nutrition of pastures and forage has increased. The investigation was carried out in the University Center of the municipality of Cumanayagua, county of Cienfuegos, Cuba with the objective of evaluating the response of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit to the inoculation of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) strains. The experiment was carried out in polyethylene bags. The experiment used a random blocks design with three replicates and the following treatments: #1. Soil (Control treatment, without inoculation and NPK application), #2. Soil + inoculation with the AMF strain F. mosseae/INCAM-2, #3. Soil + inoculation with the AMF strain G. cubense/INCAM-4) and #4. Soil + NPK fertilization at plant establishment application of NPK (25, 40 y 120 kg ha-1 de N, P2O5 y K20) + N at each cut at 70% of the initial dose. The inoculation with AMF was simultaneous for all treatments. A establishment cut and five successive cuts were performed, with 51.33 average days between them. The biomass production, the content of gross protein of L. leucocephala in each harvest and the cumulative total, as well as mycorrhizal effectiveness, were quantified. L. leucocephala positively responded to F. mosseae/INCAM-2 inoculation. Biomass production for cut increased between 31,50 % (Treatment #2) y 19,40 % (Treatment #3) with respect to control treatment. Inoculation with F. mosseae/INCAM-2 showed higher mycorrhizal effectiveness. The highest value in gross protein was obtained in the variant with mineral fertilization and the inoculated variants overcame the control treatment, with better performance than treatment # 2 ( Soil+ Funneliformis mosseae/INCAM-2).
目前，在牧场和饲料营养中使用生物肥料和蛋白植物的情况越来越多。这项调查是在古巴西恩富戈斯州库马纳亚瓜市的大学中心进行的，目的是评估 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit 对接种不同丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）菌株的反应。实验在聚乙烯袋中进行。实验采用随机区组设计，有三个重复和以下处理：#1.土壤（对照处理，不接种和施用氮磷钾），#2.土壤 + 接种 AMF 菌株 F. mosseae/INCAM-2，#3.土壤 + 接种 AMF 菌株 G. cubense/INCAM-4）和 #4。土壤 + 氮磷钾施肥（25、40 y 120 kg ha-1 de N、P2O5 y K20） + 氮肥，每茬施肥量为初始剂量的 70%。所有处理都同时接种 AMF。进行了一次建植和连续五次砍伐，平均间隔天数为 51.33 天。对每次收获的生物量产量、Lucocephala 毛蛋白含量和累计总量以及菌根的有效性进行了量化。鹅掌楸对接种 F. mosseae/INCAM-2 有积极反应。与对照处理相比，切割生物量增加了 31.50 %（2 号处理）和 19.40 %（3 号处理）。接种 F. mosseae/INCAM-2 表明菌根的有效性更高。施用矿物质肥料的变种蛋白质总值最高，接种的变种优于对照处理，其表现优于 2 号处理（土壤+菌根/INCAM-2）。
{"title":"Use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the nutrition of Leucacephala leucocephala (Lam.) De wit for forage production","authors":"Lázaro J. Ojeda, Ramón A. Rivera, Juan J. De la Rosa","doi":"10.21897/4jqae113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/4jqae113","url":null,"abstract":"At present, the use of biofertilizers and protein plants in the nutrition of pastures and forage has increased. The investigation was carried out in the University Center of the municipality of Cumanayagua, county of Cienfuegos, Cuba with the objective of evaluating the response of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit to the inoculation of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) strains. The experiment was carried out in polyethylene bags. The experiment used a random blocks design with three replicates and the following treatments: #1. Soil (Control treatment, without inoculation and NPK application), #2. Soil + inoculation with the AMF strain F. mosseae/INCAM-2, #3. Soil + inoculation with the AMF strain G. cubense/INCAM-4) and #4. Soil + NPK fertilization at plant establishment application of NPK (25, 40 y 120 kg ha-1 de N, P2O5 y K20) + N at each cut at 70% of the initial dose. The inoculation with AMF was simultaneous for all treatments. A establishment cut and five successive cuts were performed, with 51.33 average days between them. The biomass production, the content of gross protein of L. leucocephala in each harvest and the cumulative total, as well as mycorrhizal effectiveness, were quantified. L. leucocephala positively responded to F. mosseae/INCAM-2 inoculation. Biomass production for cut increased between 31,50 % (Treatment #2) y 19,40 % (Treatment #3) with respect to control treatment. Inoculation with F. mosseae/INCAM-2 showed higher mycorrhizal effectiveness. The highest value in gross protein was obtained in the variant with mineral fertilization and the inoculated variants overcame the control treatment, with better performance than treatment # 2 ( Soil+ Funneliformis mosseae/INCAM-2).","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Isabel Pico González, Juan Jaraba Navas, Alfredo de Jesús Jarma Orozco, Dairo Javier Pérez Polo, Diana Sofía Herazo Cárdenas, Adriana Vallejo Isaza, Yirlis Yadeth Pineda Rodríguez, Daniela Vegliante Arrieta, Anthony Ricardo Ariza González, María Cristina Ardila Correa, Juan Carlos Pareja Zapata
The cyanobacteria Nostoc commune contains bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity and high potential to control of phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to determine the in vitro effect of sonicated biomass of these cyanobacteria on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The biomass of N.commune was dissolved in sterile distilled water and subjected to centrifugation processes and ultrasound-assisted cell rupture. The antifungal effect was evaluated using the disk diffusion technique (Kirby-Bauer) in a PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. In the center of the Petri dish, an agar disk (0.7 cm) with pure mycelium of the fungus was placed in the center of the Petri dish and, around it, four filter paper disk impregnateed with the algae extract (0.7 cm) were placed. The radial growth of the pathogen was measured in the presence and absence of N. commune, until the control covered the entire Petri dish to assess the Percentage of Radial Inhibition of the pathogen (PICR %). The growth rate of the fungus was lower in the initial stages of measurement and the PICR fluctuated between 33 and 58%. However, there were no inhibition halos in the growth of the fungus, it is assumed that the antifungal effect of the cyanobacteria was not permanent over the time, but it could be potentiated by improving the extraction process of the extract.
{"title":"Effect of the biomass of the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum \"In vitro\"","authors":"Ana Isabel Pico González, Juan Jaraba Navas, Alfredo de Jesús Jarma Orozco, Dairo Javier Pérez Polo, Diana Sofía Herazo Cárdenas, Adriana Vallejo Isaza, Yirlis Yadeth Pineda Rodríguez, Daniela Vegliante Arrieta, Anthony Ricardo Ariza González, María Cristina Ardila Correa, Juan Carlos Pareja Zapata","doi":"10.21897/z1mb9q86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/z1mb9q86","url":null,"abstract":"The cyanobacteria Nostoc commune contains bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity and high potential to control of phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to determine the in vitro effect of sonicated biomass of these cyanobacteria on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The biomass of N.commune was dissolved in sterile distilled water and subjected to centrifugation processes and ultrasound-assisted cell rupture. The antifungal effect was evaluated using the disk diffusion technique (Kirby-Bauer) in a PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. In the center of the Petri dish, an agar disk (0.7 cm) with pure mycelium of the fungus was placed in the center of the Petri dish and, around it, four filter paper disk impregnateed with the algae extract (0.7 cm) were placed. The radial growth of the pathogen was measured in the presence and absence of N. commune, until the control covered the entire Petri dish to assess the Percentage of Radial Inhibition of the pathogen (PICR %). The growth rate of the fungus was lower in the initial stages of measurement and the PICR fluctuated between 33 and 58%. However, there were no inhibition halos in the growth of the fungus, it is assumed that the antifungal effect of the cyanobacteria was not permanent over the time, but it could be potentiated by improving the extraction process of the extract.","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Esteban Brochero Bustamante, Francisco Fabian Carrascal Perez, Yesith Montero Cantillo, Isueh Arenas Rubio
The purpose of this work was to identify pests and diseases associated to cashew crop in Caribia research center of Agrosavia. For 24 months, a monthly monitoring of the different structures of the plant was carried out and the arthropods found to cause damage were collected, as well as tissue samples with symptoms or signs of any disease. Eleven species of pest insects were identified, grouped into seven families and four orders. In addition, six pathogens that caused diseases in different tree structures were identified. Of the phytosanitary problems found, Leptoglossus zonatus Dallas (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and anthracnose are reported as the most relevant for this crop.
{"title":"Inventory of insect pests and pathogens present in a cashew crop Anacardium occidentale L. in Caribia research center, zona bananera, Magdalena","authors":"Carlos Esteban Brochero Bustamante, Francisco Fabian Carrascal Perez, Yesith Montero Cantillo, Isueh Arenas Rubio","doi":"10.21897/8mnqgh69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/8mnqgh69","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to identify pests and diseases associated to cashew crop in Caribia research center of Agrosavia. For 24 months, a monthly monitoring of the different structures of the plant was carried out and the arthropods found to cause damage were collected, as well as tissue samples with symptoms or signs of any disease. Eleven species of pest insects were identified, grouped into seven families and four orders. In addition, six pathogens that caused diseases in different tree structures were identified. Of the phytosanitary problems found, Leptoglossus zonatus Dallas (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and anthracnose are reported as the most relevant for this crop.","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139162323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inoculation between bacteria and fungi can be an efficient and viable alternative for production of horticultural crops. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation between Trichoderma harzianum and the biostimulant ME-50® on the growth promotion and productivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and green beans [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpen]. Two experiments under garden conditions were carried out, in a 2×2 factorial arrangement, in a random blocks with five replicates, to evaluate the effects of inoculation (100 mL L−1) and not inoculation to the soil with the bioestimulant ME-50® in combination with seed inoculation (100 mL L−1) and non-inoculation seeds with T. harzianum strain A-34 to improve the growth (height, leaf area and dry matter of leaves and stems) and productivity (number, length and mass of fruits and yield) of cucumber and green beans. Inoculation with the biostimulant ME-50® promoted greater growth and productivity of cucumber and green bean plants compared to the inoculation with T. harzianum. However, coinoculation between both biostimulants was more efficient in the growth and development of both plant species; increasing the productivity of cucumber (133 %) and green beans (138 %). The results of this study suggest that coinoculation between the biostimulant ME-50® and T. harzianum has a synergistic, efficient and viable effect on the growth and productivity of cucumber and green beans plants, being considered useful in organic, ecological and sustainable of the crops.
细菌和真菌之间的接种是园艺作物生产的一种高效可行的替代方法。本研究的目的是评估毛霉与生物刺激剂 ME-50® 共同接种对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）和青豆（Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpen）的生长促进和产量的影响。在花园条件下进行了两次实验，采用 2×2 因式排列，随机区组，五次重复，以评估在土壤中接种（100 mL L-1）或不接种生物刺激剂 ME-50®，结合种子接种（100 mL L-1）或不接种 T. harzianum 菌株 A-34 种子的效果。在黄瓜和青豆的生长（叶片和茎的高度、叶面积和干物质）和生产率（果实的数量、长度和质量以及产量）方面，接种 harzianum 菌株 A-34 和不接种菌株 A-34 均有改善。与接种哈茨菌相比，接种生物刺激剂 ME-50® 能促进黄瓜和四季豆植株的生长和产量。不过，两种生物刺激剂联合接种对两种植物的生长和发育都更有效；黄瓜的产量提高了 133%，青豆的产量提高了 138%。这项研究的结果表明，生物刺激剂 ME-50® 和 T. harzianum 的联合接种对黄瓜和青豆植物的生长和产量具有协同、高效和可行的作用，对作物的有机、生态和可持续发展非常有用。
{"title":"Coinoculación de biofertilizantes microbianos en pepino y habichuela y su efecto en el crecimiento y rendimiento","authors":"Alexander Calero Hurtado, Yanery Pérez Díaz, Kolima Peña Calzada, Dilier Olivera Viciedo, Janet Jiménez Hernández, Annerys Carabeo Pérez","doi":"10.21897/bz3pzk58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/bz3pzk58","url":null,"abstract":"Inoculation between bacteria and fungi can be an efficient and viable alternative for production of horticultural crops. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation between Trichoderma harzianum and the biostimulant ME-50® on the growth promotion and productivity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and green beans [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpen]. Two experiments under garden conditions were carried out, in a 2×2 factorial arrangement, in a random blocks with five replicates, to evaluate the effects of inoculation (100 mL L−1) and not inoculation to the soil with the bioestimulant ME-50® in combination with seed inoculation (100 mL L−1) and non-inoculation seeds with T. harzianum strain A-34 to improve the growth (height, leaf area and dry matter of leaves and stems) and productivity (number, length and mass of fruits and yield) of cucumber and green beans. Inoculation with the biostimulant ME-50® promoted greater growth and productivity of cucumber and green bean plants compared to the inoculation with T. harzianum. However, coinoculation between both biostimulants was more efficient in the growth and development of both plant species; increasing the productivity of cucumber (133 %) and green beans (138 %). The results of this study suggest that coinoculation between the biostimulant ME-50® and T. harzianum has a synergistic, efficient and viable effect on the growth and productivity of cucumber and green beans plants, being considered useful in organic, ecological and sustainable of the crops.","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Ángel Bernal-Monterrosa, Laura Delgado-Bejarano, Ever José Causil Pastrana, Luís Javier Algarín Guerra
The development and production of bananas are influenced by spatio-temporal edaphoclimatic conditions, which explains in a certain way the heterogeneous response that occurs on the farms, highlighting the need to generate information regarding the morphological characteristics of fruit for taking corrective actions that entail to increased productivity. The objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of production, taking into account the quantifiable variables through bunches profiling. 98,956 bunches recorded in a period of 108 weeks between 2021 and 2022 were analyzed in ten farms of two banana groups in Urabá-Antioquia, in the municipalities of Turbo, Apartadó and Carepa. Variables such as: cluster age, cluster weight, number of hands, basal-apical calibration, basal-apical length, removal of fingers and hands in the field. The R 4.2.1 software was used, with which a Spearman correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was obtained and for comparison of means, a Kruskal post-hoc was done. Statistical differences were identified (p-value<2.2e-16) and the highest correlations were between age-weight (0.24), age-basal calibration (0.23) and number of hands-weight (0.45). These results indicate that harvest profiling is a practical and agile method that allows quantifying morphological variables of the bunches, making yield projections and adjusting agronomic management depending on the specifications of the marketer.
{"title":"Relación de la productividad en fincas bananeras con el perfil de los racimos en Urabá-Antioquia","authors":"Miguel Ángel Bernal-Monterrosa, Laura Delgado-Bejarano, Ever José Causil Pastrana, Luís Javier Algarín Guerra","doi":"10.21897/3v72g961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/3v72g961","url":null,"abstract":"The development and production of bananas are influenced by spatio-temporal edaphoclimatic conditions, which explains in a certain way the heterogeneous response that occurs on the farms, highlighting the need to generate information regarding the morphological characteristics of fruit for taking corrective actions that entail to increased productivity. The objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of production, taking into account the quantifiable variables through bunches profiling. 98,956 bunches recorded in a period of 108 weeks between 2021 and 2022 were analyzed in ten farms of two banana groups in Urabá-Antioquia, in the municipalities of Turbo, Apartadó and Carepa. Variables such as: cluster age, cluster weight, number of hands, basal-apical calibration, basal-apical length, removal of fingers and hands in the field. The R 4.2.1 software was used, with which a Spearman correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was obtained and for comparison of means, a Kruskal post-hoc was done. Statistical differences were identified (p-value<2.2e-16) and the highest correlations were between age-weight (0.24), age-basal calibration (0.23) and number of hands-weight (0.45). These results indicate that harvest profiling is a practical and agile method that allows quantifying morphological variables of the bunches, making yield projections and adjusting agronomic management depending on the specifications of the marketer.","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Felipe Gonzalez Chavarro, Victor Camilo Pulido Blanco
The resistance of Cape gooseberry to Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated in 70 accessions of Physalis peruviana and related taxa (P. philadelphica, P. ixocarpa, P. floridana, P. pubescens, P. angulata, P. pruinosa, P. viscosa, P. mexicana, Nicandra physalodes, and Solanum auriculatum). These accessions were obtained from different national and international collections, including accessions from the Colombian productive sector. These represented wild materials, commercial cultivars, native and foreign weeds, and commercial ecotypes from the main producing countries: Colombia, South Africa, Kenya, and Peru. The evaluation of resistance to F. oxysporum was carried out under greenhouse conditions using the most aggressive strain supplied by the Fusarium collection maintained by the molecular microbiology laboratory of the Center for Biotechnology and Bioindustry (CBB), currently in charge of the Working Collection of Microorganisms of Agrosavia, which was isolated from infected fields. The symptoms were monitored using a severity scale, containing 10 degrees and five categories. Data information obtained from daily evaluations was analyzed through a severity evaluation and different statistical analyses. The results identified one accession belonging to Physalis peruviana and two related taxa (Physalis floridana and Solanum auriculatum) as resistant to this pathogen. These accessions could be directly used in breeding programs, either as improved cultivars or as race-specific resistance donors for other Physalis peruviana genotypes.
{"title":"Identificación de fuentes de resistencia a Fusarium oxysporum en genotipos de Physalis sp.","authors":"Carlos Felipe Gonzalez Chavarro, Victor Camilo Pulido Blanco","doi":"10.21897/z5sazy59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/z5sazy59","url":null,"abstract":"The resistance of Cape gooseberry to Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated in 70 accessions of Physalis peruviana and related taxa (P. philadelphica, P. ixocarpa, P. floridana, P. pubescens, P. angulata, P. pruinosa, P. viscosa, P. mexicana, Nicandra physalodes, and Solanum auriculatum). These accessions were obtained from different national and international collections, including accessions from the Colombian productive sector. These represented wild materials, commercial cultivars, native and foreign weeds, and commercial ecotypes from the main producing countries: Colombia, South Africa, Kenya, and Peru. The evaluation of resistance to F. oxysporum was carried out under greenhouse conditions using the most aggressive strain supplied by the Fusarium collection maintained by the molecular microbiology laboratory of the Center for Biotechnology and Bioindustry (CBB), currently in charge of the Working Collection of Microorganisms of Agrosavia, which was isolated from infected fields. The symptoms were monitored using a severity scale, containing 10 degrees and five categories. Data information obtained from daily evaluations was analyzed through a severity evaluation and different statistical analyses. The results identified one accession belonging to Physalis peruviana and two related taxa (Physalis floridana and Solanum auriculatum) as resistant to this pathogen. These accessions could be directly used in breeding programs, either as improved cultivars or as race-specific resistance donors for other Physalis peruviana genotypes.","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":"79 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Steffania Franco-Galindo, A. T. Mosquera-Espinosa
El control biológico es una opción potencial y sostenible para tratar las problemáticas de producción y rendimiento de cultivos afectados por insectos o microorganismos patógenos. En el cultivo de vainilla, la obtención del aroma natural presente en sus frutos está limitada, principalmente, por enfermedades bióticas que afectan la planta en cultivo comercial. La principal enfermedad presente el cultivo de vainilla es la pudrición de raíces y tallos, causada por F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae y F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. En este sentido, se encontró que el uso de hongos endófitos (HE) aislados de plantas sanas o asintomáticas como potenciales agentes de control biológico, requiere una investigación sistemática para la selección de las especies más eficaces en el control de patógenos, en especial es este cultivo. Dado que no hay evidencia de reportes al respecto, a pesar de que el uso de estos microorganismos es una alternativa natural implementada en otros cultivos, frente a los agroquímicos contaminantes y ampliamente usados en la agricultura tradicional. De esta manera, esta revisión aborda la perspectiva y plantea la necesidad de líneas de investigación sobre el uso potencial de hongos endófitos como agentes de control biológico de patógenos fungosos en plantas cultivadas, haciendo énfasis sobre la relación Hongos endófitos-Vanilla- Fusarium patogénico.
{"title":"Biocontrol de Fusarium spp. en el cultivo de vainilla: Un nuevo modelo de estudio","authors":"Laura Steffania Franco-Galindo, A. T. Mosquera-Espinosa","doi":"10.21897/rta.v28i1.3350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/rta.v28i1.3350","url":null,"abstract":"El control biológico es una opción potencial y sostenible para tratar las problemáticas de producción y rendimiento de cultivos afectados por insectos o microorganismos patógenos. En el cultivo de vainilla, la obtención del aroma natural presente en sus frutos está limitada, principalmente, por enfermedades bióticas que afectan la planta en cultivo comercial. La principal enfermedad presente el cultivo de vainilla es la pudrición de raíces y tallos, causada por F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae y F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. En este sentido, se encontró que el uso de hongos endófitos (HE) aislados de plantas sanas o asintomáticas como potenciales agentes de control biológico, requiere una investigación sistemática para la selección de las especies más eficaces en el control de patógenos, en especial es este cultivo. Dado que no hay evidencia de reportes al respecto, a pesar de que el uso de estos microorganismos es una alternativa natural implementada en otros cultivos, frente a los agroquímicos contaminantes y ampliamente usados en la agricultura tradicional. De esta manera, esta revisión aborda la perspectiva y plantea la necesidad de líneas de investigación sobre el uso potencial de hongos endófitos como agentes de control biológico de patógenos fungosos en plantas cultivadas, haciendo énfasis sobre la relación Hongos endófitos-Vanilla- Fusarium patogénico.","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41821190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magda Valdes Restrepo, Johannes Delgado Ospina, Liliana Londoño-Hernández, Robert Augusto Rodríguez Restrepo
El color en los alimentos es una de las principales características que permite establecer la calidad de los mismos. Técnicamente se define como respuesta mental al estímulo que una radiación visible produce en la retina que se transmite al cerebro por el nervio óptico, por lo cual está relacionado estrechamente con el sistema nervioso y de esta manera, dicho atributo en los alimentos marca la preferencia de un individuo por los mismos. Dada su importancia, se han desarrollado diferentes sistemas que permitan medir de manera objetiva el color en los alimentos, evaluando los cambios obtenidos en un producto a causa del procesamiento y durante su almacenamiento, logrando determinar entre otros, su vida útil. Considerando lo anterior, esta revisión se presenta con el objetivo de reconocer los principales métodos de determinación del color de los alimentos, y las aplicaciones del concepto en la Industria de Alimentos.
{"title":"Sistema de medición del color como parámetro de calidad en la industria de alimentos","authors":"Magda Valdes Restrepo, Johannes Delgado Ospina, Liliana Londoño-Hernández, Robert Augusto Rodríguez Restrepo","doi":"10.21897/rta.v28i1.3200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21897/rta.v28i1.3200","url":null,"abstract":"El color en los alimentos es una de las principales características que permite establecer la calidad de los mismos. Técnicamente se define como respuesta mental al estímulo que una radiación visible produce en la retina que se transmite al cerebro por el nervio óptico, por lo cual está relacionado estrechamente con el sistema nervioso y de esta manera, dicho atributo en los alimentos marca la preferencia de un individuo por los mismos. Dada su importancia, se han desarrollado diferentes sistemas que permitan medir de manera objetiva el color en los alimentos, evaluando los cambios obtenidos en un producto a causa del procesamiento y durante su almacenamiento, logrando determinar entre otros, su vida útil. Considerando lo anterior, esta revisión se presenta con el objetivo de reconocer los principales métodos de determinación del color de los alimentos, y las aplicaciones del concepto en la Industria de Alimentos.","PeriodicalId":52039,"journal":{"name":"Temas Agrarios","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42777863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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