Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100630
David Soler-Segovia , Victor Guerra-Ruíz , Marc Massa , María-Florencia Pilia , María-Jesús Cruz , Xavier Muñoz
The effects of climate change on human health are supported by extensive scientific evidence. There is a close association between global warming, air pollution, and asthma. Patients with asthma are particularly vulnerable to the environmental alterations associated with climate change. This review summarizes the research from the past decade (2013–2024) on how climate change influences asthma, examining its direct and indirect effects such as alterations in air quality, allergen exposure, and extreme weather events. The review highlights the complex interplay between climate change and asthma and underscores the need for integrated public health strategies to mitigate these impacts. This review also highlights the novel insights of synergistic effects between air pollutants and allergens, which are exacerbated by climate change, in worsening asthma symptoms.
{"title":"Consequences of climate change for asthma: Reviewing the evidence","authors":"David Soler-Segovia , Victor Guerra-Ruíz , Marc Massa , María-Florencia Pilia , María-Jesús Cruz , Xavier Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of climate change on human health are supported by extensive scientific evidence. There is a close association between global warming, air pollution, and asthma. Patients with asthma are particularly vulnerable to the environmental alterations associated with climate change. This review summarizes the research from the past decade (2013–2024) on how climate change influences asthma, examining its direct and indirect effects such as alterations in air quality, allergen exposure, and extreme weather events. The review highlights the complex interplay between climate change and asthma and underscores the need for integrated public health strategies to mitigate these impacts. This review also highlights the novel insights of synergistic effects between air pollutants and allergens, which are exacerbated by climate change, in worsening asthma symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100632
Saurabh Shukla , Ramsha Khan , Federico G.A. Vagliasindi , Gregory V. Korshin , Paolo Roccaro
The presence of microplastics (MPs) in water systems has emerged as a significant concern due to their persistence, ubiquity, and potential to interfere with treatment processes. While some studies have investigated the interactions of MPs with disinfectants and MPs’ potential to act as precursors for disinfection by-products (DBPs), most have relied on laboratory setups that employ unrealistically high concentrations of MPs and disinfectants doses. These conditions fail to replicate the complex effects of background chemistry, the presence of microbial communities, and other aspects of environmental dynamics typical of actual water treatment plants (WTPs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results from such studies cannot be used to unambiguously understand and predict the real-world scenarios of MP effects, thereby limiting real-world applicability of the model experiments. Another aspect of MP-associated effects is their role as carriers for pathogens, antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and disinfectant-resistant genes (DRGs), along with their capacity to interfere with disinfection efficacy while forming a potential habitat for microbial communities. The study calls for a paradigm shift towards more realistic field-representative studies that are needed to bridge the gap between lab and field results and ultimately accurately assess the risks that MPs pose in water treatment contexts.
{"title":"Effects of microplastics on water disinfection and formation of disinfection by-products","authors":"Saurabh Shukla , Ramsha Khan , Federico G.A. Vagliasindi , Gregory V. Korshin , Paolo Roccaro","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of microplastics (MPs) in water systems has emerged as a significant concern due to their persistence, ubiquity, and potential to interfere with treatment processes. While some studies have investigated the interactions of MPs with disinfectants and MPs’ potential to act as precursors for disinfection by-products (DBPs), most have relied on laboratory setups that employ unrealistically high concentrations of MPs and disinfectants doses. These conditions fail to replicate the complex effects of background chemistry, the presence of microbial communities, and other aspects of environmental dynamics typical of actual water treatment plants (WTPs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The results from such studies cannot be used to unambiguously understand and predict the real-world scenarios of MP effects, thereby limiting real-world applicability of the model experiments. Another aspect of MP-associated effects is their role as carriers for pathogens, antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and disinfectant-resistant genes (DRGs), along with their capacity to interfere with disinfection efficacy while forming a potential habitat for microbial communities. The study calls for a paradigm shift towards more realistic field-representative studies that are needed to bridge the gap between lab and field results and ultimately accurately assess the risks that MPs pose in water treatment contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100632"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100634
Athanasios Damialis , Stefanie Gilles
With the rising global burden of allergies and asthma, bioaerosols have gained the attention of physicians and researchers over the past decades. However, bioaerosols still remain underestimated, excluded from EU Directives. This work points out that respiratory diseases, an emerging human health risk, may be predicted and appropriately managed only if the entirety of co- and multi-exposures, biogenic as well as mixed (chemical-biological) is considered, especially for vulnerable population groups. Here we present an overview of the state of the art in bioaerosol research and its challenges, and pinpoint unmet research and policy needs in a rapidly changing world.
{"title":"Air quality in the era of climate change: Bioaerosols, multi-exposures, and the emerging threats of respiratory allergies and infectious diseases","authors":"Athanasios Damialis , Stefanie Gilles","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rising global burden of allergies and asthma, bioaerosols have gained the attention of physicians and researchers over the past decades. However, bioaerosols still remain underestimated, excluded from EU Directives. This work points out that respiratory diseases, an emerging human health risk, may be predicted and appropriately managed only if the entirety of co- and multi-exposures, biogenic as well as mixed (chemical-biological) is considered, especially for vulnerable population groups. Here we present an overview of the state of the art in bioaerosol research and its challenges, and pinpoint unmet research and policy needs in a rapidly changing world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100634"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100645
Farhan R. Khan , Nathaniel Clark , Elvis Genbo Xu
Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) research in the piscine gastrointestinal tract has been a significant area of study. Understanding the environmental presence of microplastics, their potential for both localised and systemic effects, and their role as a gateway for MNPs and associated chemicals to enter the tissues and the food web, including the human food chain, is crucial. The fish gut, as a critical intersection between environmental, biotic, and human health, aligns with the One Health concept. We review the likely uptake mechanisms and toxicological damage caused by ingesting MNPs and their associated chemicals in fish, contextualised within the realms of digestive physiology and biological plausibility.
{"title":"Micro(nano)plastics in the fish gastrointestinal tract: A mini review and relevance to One Health perspective","authors":"Farhan R. Khan , Nathaniel Clark , Elvis Genbo Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) research in the piscine gastrointestinal tract has been a significant area of study. Understanding the environmental presence of microplastics, their potential for both localised and systemic effects, and their role as a gateway for MNPs and associated chemicals to enter the tissues and the food web, including the human food chain, is crucial. The fish gut, as a critical intersection between environmental, biotic, and human health, aligns with the One Health concept. We review the likely uptake mechanisms and toxicological damage caused by ingesting MNPs and their associated chemicals in fish, contextualised within the realms of digestive physiology and biological plausibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100635
Raul Narciso C. Guedes, Giovanni Benelli, Nicolas Desneux, Evgenios Agathokleous
{"title":"Non-target effects of bioinsecticides: Hic sunt draconis!","authors":"Raul Narciso C. Guedes, Giovanni Benelli, Nicolas Desneux, Evgenios Agathokleous","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100635","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100635"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100626
Stefania Papatheodorou , Souzana Achilleos
Sand and dust storms are frequent environmental events characterized by high winds lifting large amounts of dust, reducing visibility and affecting air quality globally. While natural sources such as deserts are the primary contributors to dust emissions, human activities like deforestation and unsustainable agriculture, compounded by climate change, significantly enhance soil erosion, increasing dust storm prevalence. These storms carry high concentrations of pollutants across large distances, posing serious health risks. This review summarizes the different health impacts of dust storms using the most recent epidemiological evidence across several regions. Recent advancements in epidemiological research can guide future research to mitigate these effects.
{"title":"Epidemiological insights into the health impacts of dust storms","authors":"Stefania Papatheodorou , Souzana Achilleos","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sand and dust storms are frequent environmental events characterized by high winds lifting large amounts of dust, reducing visibility and affecting air quality globally. While natural sources such as deserts are the primary contributors to dust emissions, human activities like deforestation and unsustainable agriculture, compounded by climate change, significantly enhance soil erosion, increasing dust storm prevalence. These storms carry high concentrations of pollutants across large distances, posing serious health risks. This review summarizes the different health impacts of dust storms using the most recent epidemiological evidence across several regions. Recent advancements in epidemiological research can guide future research to mitigate these effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100626"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100639
Gorakhanath S. Jadhav , Makarand M. Ghangrekar , Gourav D. Bhowmick
Mounting global water scarcity, environmental degradation, and a lack of centralized wastewater management infrastructure in widespread and remote areas of developing countries invite innovative and sustainable approaches for on-site wastewater management. To address the above concern, a bioelectrochemically assisted on-site toilet waste treatment stands out as a cutting-edge and innovative technology, uniquely capable of addressing the intricate issues posed by poor on-site wastewater management. A “Bioelectric Toilet” treats human wastewater on-site using microbial fuel cells (MFCs)-based system while simultaneously harvesting bioelectricity. Further, under anaerobic conditions, this system converts the organic substrate to carbon dioxide instead of methane, ammonia to nitrogen, and sulphide to elemental sulfur, providing a convincing avenue for attaining global environment-friendly sanitation and sustainability goals, at the same time avoiding odor problem. This review explores the design concept, operational mechanism, and implications of Bioelectric Toilets. Furthermore, it assesses the potential benefits, obstacles, and future possibilities of widespread adoption of Bioelectric Toilets in various socioeconomic circumstances.
{"title":"Bioelectric toilet for sustainable on-site wastewater management","authors":"Gorakhanath S. Jadhav , Makarand M. Ghangrekar , Gourav D. Bhowmick","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mounting global water scarcity, environmental degradation, and a lack of centralized wastewater management infrastructure in widespread and remote areas of developing countries invite innovative and sustainable approaches for on-site wastewater management. To address the above concern, a bioelectrochemically assisted on-site toilet waste treatment stands out as a cutting-edge and innovative technology, uniquely capable of addressing the intricate issues posed by poor on-site wastewater management. A “Bioelectric Toilet” treats human wastewater on-site using microbial fuel cells (MFCs)-based system while simultaneously harvesting bioelectricity. Further, under anaerobic conditions, this system converts the organic substrate to carbon dioxide instead of methane, ammonia to nitrogen, and sulphide to elemental sulfur, providing a convincing avenue for attaining global environment-friendly sanitation and sustainability goals, at the same time avoiding odor problem. This review explores the design concept, operational mechanism, and implications of Bioelectric Toilets. Furthermore, it assesses the potential benefits, obstacles, and future possibilities of widespread adoption of Bioelectric Toilets in various socioeconomic circumstances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100639"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the global footprint of pesticides consumption, revealing the disproportionate usage in high-income countries and highlighting the severe environmental and health risks posed by chemicals such as organochlorines and organophosphates. While numerous studies have been conducted on assessing the fate and transport of pesticides in the natural environment in developed nations, however, there is pressing need for similar research in developing regions, within South-East Asia, Latin America, and the African Union. Due to the cumulative nature of pesticides and the duration of exposure, it was expected that biota would show higher average, minimum, and maximum concentrations, along with increased variability. Water appears to be slightly more contaminated than sediment, but the most concerning revelation is the prevalence of pesticides in the air. Emphasizing the urgency of sustainable practices, the paper proposes microcosmic understanding on the degradation of pesticides, their contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and the development of environmentally friendly alternatives.
{"title":"Understanding the pathways, pollution and potential solutions pertaining to pesticides: Circular engineering for persistent chemicals","authors":"Manish Kumar , Siddhant Dash , Jürgen Mahlknecht , Alan Kolok , Shiwangi Dogra , Keisuke Kuroda , Tomohiro Tobino , Abrahan Mora , Absar Ahmad Kazmi , Rajesh Singh , Pravin Kumar Mutiyar , Rajesh Roshan Dash , Futoshi Kurisu","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the global footprint of pesticides consumption, revealing the disproportionate usage in high-income countries and highlighting the severe environmental and health risks posed by chemicals such as organochlorines and organophosphates. While numerous studies have been conducted on assessing the fate and transport of pesticides in the natural environment in developed nations, however, there is pressing need for similar research in developing regions, within South-East Asia, Latin America, and the African Union. Due to the cumulative nature of pesticides and the duration of exposure, it was expected that biota would show higher average, minimum, and maximum concentrations, along with increased variability. Water appears to be slightly more contaminated than sediment, but the most concerning revelation is the prevalence of pesticides in the air. Emphasizing the urgency of sustainable practices, the paper proposes microcosmic understanding on the degradation of pesticides, their contribution to antimicrobial resistance, and the development of environmentally friendly alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100638"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-20DOI: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100633
Maria Luiza Cunha e Souza Ferreira , Marko D. Prokić , Lilian Lund Amado
Over the past decade, amphibians have increasingly been used as model organisms to study a variety of environmental factors and contaminants, along with their effects at different developmental stages. Significant advancements, such as the standardization of research techniques, the development of specific biomarkers, and the introduction of new species for experimental purposes, have greatly enhanced the field of amphibian ecotoxicology. This review discusses recent advancements in ecotoxicological studies on amphibians, with particular emphasis on species from South America, methodological aspects, and the latest effect assessments of metals, pesticides, and other emerging pollutants (micro/nanoplastics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products).
{"title":"Amphibians in ecotoxicology: Recent advances across diverse regions","authors":"Maria Luiza Cunha e Souza Ferreira , Marko D. Prokić , Lilian Lund Amado","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, amphibians have increasingly been used as model organisms to study a variety of environmental factors and contaminants, along with their effects at different developmental stages. Significant advancements, such as the standardization of research techniques, the development of specific biomarkers, and the introduction of new species for experimental purposes, have greatly enhanced the field of amphibian ecotoxicology. This review discusses recent advancements in ecotoxicological studies on amphibians, with particular emphasis on species from South America, methodological aspects, and the latest effect assessments of metals, pesticides, and other emerging pollutants (micro/nanoplastics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100633"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wildfires are projected to become more frequent, intense, and longer-lasting under climate change, substantially elevating population exposure to wildfire smoke. Future projections suggest that health impacts of wildfire smoke will peak during the mid-21st century under high-emission scenarios; however, persistent uncertainties in exposure assessment and concentration-response relationships need to be addressed. Effective mitigation of increasing health impacts requires long-term planning, based on the integration of climate modelling, exposure assessment, and evidence from epidemiology. Wildfire smoke exposure reduction approaches including early warning systems, indoor air filtration, and other measures can be embedded within a broader public health and climate adaptation policy framework.
{"title":"The health burden of wildfire smoke in a changing climate: Exposure, risks, and strategies for mitigation","authors":"Myriam Lopes , Alexandra Monteiro , Petros Mouzourides , Panayiotis Κouis","doi":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires are projected to become more frequent, intense, and longer-lasting under climate change, substantially elevating population exposure to wildfire smoke. Future projections suggest that health impacts of wildfire smoke will peak during the mid-21st century under high-emission scenarios; however, persistent uncertainties in exposure assessment and concentration-response relationships need to be addressed. Effective mitigation of increasing health impacts requires long-term planning, based on the integration of climate modelling, exposure assessment, and evidence from epidemiology. Wildfire smoke exposure reduction approaches including early warning systems, indoor air filtration, and other measures can be embedded within a broader public health and climate adaptation policy framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52296,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100631"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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