Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad35fd
Xinzhi Li, X. Fang, Zhiyan Zhang, Shahid Ghafoor, Ruikai Chen, Yi Liu, Kexin Tang, Kai Li, Minghua Ma, Jiahao Shang, Ke Huang
Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy, as a typical magnesium rare-earth (Mg-RE) alloy, is gaining popularity in the advanced equipment manufacturing fields owing to their noticeable age-hardening properties and high specific strength. However, it is extremely challenging to prepare wrought components with large dimensions and complex shapes because of the poor room-temperature processability of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy. Herein, we report a wire-arc directed energy deposited (DED) Mg-10.45Gd-2.27Y-0.52Zr (wt.%, GW102K) alloy with high RE content presenting prominent combination of strength and ductility, realized by tailored nanoprecipitates enabled by optimized heat treatment procedures. Specifically, the solution-treated sample exhibits excellent ductility with an elongation (EL) of 14.6 ± 0.1%, while the aging-treated sample at 200 ℃ for 58h achieves an ultra-high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 371 ± 1.5 MPa. Besides, the aging-treated sample at 250 ℃ for 16h attains a good strength-ductility synergy with an UTS of 316 ± 2.1 MPa and an EL of 8.5 ± 0.1%. Particularly, the evolution mechanisms of precipitation response induced by various aging parameters and deformation behavior caused by nanoprecipitates type were also systematically revealed. The excellent ductility resulted from coordinating localized strains facilitated by active slip activity, the ultra-high strength should be ascribed to the dense nano-β' hampering dislocation motion, while the shearable nano-β1 contributed to the good strength-ductility synergy. This work thus offers insightful understanding into the nanoprecipitates manipulation and performance tailoring for the wire-arc DED preparation of large-sized Mg-Gd-Y-Zr component with complex geometries.
{"title":"Revealing precipitation behavior and mechanical response of wire-arc directed energy deposited Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy by tailoring aging procedures","authors":"Xinzhi Li, X. Fang, Zhiyan Zhang, Shahid Ghafoor, Ruikai Chen, Yi Liu, Kexin Tang, Kai Li, Minghua Ma, Jiahao Shang, Ke Huang","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad35fd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad35fd","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy, as a typical magnesium rare-earth (Mg-RE) alloy, is gaining popularity in the advanced equipment manufacturing fields owing to their noticeable age-hardening properties and high specific strength. However, it is extremely challenging to prepare wrought components with large dimensions and complex shapes because of the poor room-temperature processability of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy. Herein, we report a wire-arc directed energy deposited (DED) Mg-10.45Gd-2.27Y-0.52Zr (wt.%, GW102K) alloy with high RE content presenting prominent combination of strength and ductility, realized by tailored nanoprecipitates enabled by optimized heat treatment procedures. Specifically, the solution-treated sample exhibits excellent ductility with an elongation (EL) of 14.6 ± 0.1%, while the aging-treated sample at 200 ℃ for 58h achieves an ultra-high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 371 ± 1.5 MPa. Besides, the aging-treated sample at 250 ℃ for 16h attains a good strength-ductility synergy with an UTS of 316 ± 2.1 MPa and an EL of 8.5 ± 0.1%. Particularly, the evolution mechanisms of precipitation response induced by various aging parameters and deformation behavior caused by nanoprecipitates type were also systematically revealed. The excellent ductility resulted from coordinating localized strains facilitated by active slip activity, the ultra-high strength should be ascribed to the dense nano-β' hampering dislocation motion, while the shearable nano-β1 contributed to the good strength-ductility synergy. This work thus offers insightful understanding into the nanoprecipitates manipulation and performance tailoring for the wire-arc DED preparation of large-sized Mg-Gd-Y-Zr component with complex geometries.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad35fe
Hao Wang, Cheng-Feng Pan, Chi Li, K. Menghrajani, Markus A. Schmidt, Aoling Li, Fu Fan, Yu Zhou, Wang Zhang, Hongtao Wang, Parvathi Nair Suseela Nair, John You En Chan, Tomohiro Mori, Yueqiang Hu, Guangwei Hu, Stefan A Maier, Haoran Ren, Huigao Duan, Joel K. W. Yang
Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from X-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes, while polymers offer versatility and ease of production. However, modern applications often require complex lens assemblies, driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro- and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication methods. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping, customized geometries, and efficient production, particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices. Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts, yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL), a nanoscale 3D printing technique, enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g., alignment-free fabrication, micro- and nanoscale capabilities, and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices, discuss material properties relevant to TPL, fabrication techniques, and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging. As the first panoramic review on this topic, it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics, promoting a deeper understanding of the field. By leveraging on its high-resolution capability, extensive material range, and true 3D processing, alongside advances in materials, fabrication, and design, we envisage disruptive solutions to current challenges and a promising incorporation of TPL in future optical imaging applications.
{"title":"Two-Photon Polymerization Lithography for Imaging Optics","authors":"Hao Wang, Cheng-Feng Pan, Chi Li, K. Menghrajani, Markus A. Schmidt, Aoling Li, Fu Fan, Yu Zhou, Wang Zhang, Hongtao Wang, Parvathi Nair Suseela Nair, John You En Chan, Tomohiro Mori, Yueqiang Hu, Guangwei Hu, Stefan A Maier, Haoran Ren, Huigao Duan, Joel K. W. Yang","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad35fe","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad35fe","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from X-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes, while polymers offer versatility and ease of production. However, modern applications often require complex lens assemblies, driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro- and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication methods. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping, customized geometries, and efficient production, particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging devices. Various 3D printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts, yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL), a nanoscale 3D printing technique, enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g., alignment-free fabrication, micro- and nanoscale capabilities, and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3D nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices, discuss material properties relevant to TPL, fabrication techniques, and highlight the application of TPL in optical imaging. As the first panoramic review on this topic, it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics, promoting a deeper understanding of the field. By leveraging on its high-resolution capability, extensive material range, and true 3D processing, alongside advances in materials, fabrication, and design, we envisage disruptive solutions to current challenges and a promising incorporation of TPL in future optical imaging applications.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad35ff
B. Feng, Helong Liu, Ying Yang, Hui Shen, Yang Ren, Yinong Liu, Lishan Cui, Bingmin Huang, Shijie Hao
NiTiCu-based shape memory alloys have been considered as ideal materials for solid-state refrigeration due to their superb cycling stability for elastocaloric effect. However, the embrittlement and deterioration resulted from coarse grains and large-sized secondary phase restrict their application, and it is still challenging since the geometry is required. Here, bulk NiTiCuCo parts with excellent forming quality were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. The as-fabricated alloy exhibits a refined three-phases hierarchical microcomposites structure formed based on the processing mode of LPBF, in which intricate dendritic Ti2Ni-NiTi composites and nano Ti2Cu uniformly embedded inside the NiTi-matrix. This configuration endows far superior elastocaloric stability compared to the cast counterpart. The low fatigue stems from the strong elastic coupling between the interphase with reversible martensite transformation inside the refined microcomposites, revealed by in-situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction. The fabrication of NiTiCuCo alloy via LPBF fill the bill of complex geometric structures for elastocaloric NiTiCu alloys. The interphase coupling micro-behaviors provide the guide for the design LPBF fabricated shape memory-based composites, enabling their applications with special demands on other functionalities.
{"title":"Endowing Low Fatigue for Elastocaloric Effect by Refined Hierarchical Microcomposite in Additive Manufactured NiTiCuCo Alloy","authors":"B. Feng, Helong Liu, Ying Yang, Hui Shen, Yang Ren, Yinong Liu, Lishan Cui, Bingmin Huang, Shijie Hao","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad35ff","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad35ff","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 NiTiCu-based shape memory alloys have been considered as ideal materials for solid-state refrigeration due to their superb cycling stability for elastocaloric effect. However, the embrittlement and deterioration resulted from coarse grains and large-sized secondary phase restrict their application, and it is still challenging since the geometry is required. Here, bulk NiTiCuCo parts with excellent forming quality were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. The as-fabricated alloy exhibits a refined three-phases hierarchical microcomposites structure formed based on the processing mode of LPBF, in which intricate dendritic Ti2Ni-NiTi composites and nano Ti2Cu uniformly embedded inside the NiTi-matrix. This configuration endows far superior elastocaloric stability compared to the cast counterpart. The low fatigue stems from the strong elastic coupling between the interphase with reversible martensite transformation inside the refined microcomposites, revealed by in-situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction. The fabrication of NiTiCuCo alloy via LPBF fill the bill of complex geometric structures for elastocaloric NiTiCu alloys. The interphase coupling micro-behaviors provide the guide for the design LPBF fabricated shape memory-based composites, enabling their applications with special demands on other functionalities.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad35fc
Rui Xi, Hao Jiang, Guichuan Li, Zhihui Zhang, Huiliang Wei, Guoqun Zhao, Jan Van Humbeeck, Xiebin Wang
Post-heat treatment is commonly employed to improve the microstructural homogeneity and enhance the mechanical properties of the additively manufactured metallic materials. In this work, a ternary (NiTi)91Nb9 (at.%) shape memory alloy was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) using pre-alloyed NiTi and elemental Nb powders. The influence of solution treatment on the microstructure, phase transformation behaviour and mechanical/functional properties was investigated. The in-situ alloyed (NiTi)91Nb9 alloy exhibits a submicron cellular-dendritic structure surrounding the supersaturated B2-NiTi matrix. Upon high-temperature (1273K) solution treatment, Nb-rich precipitates are precipitated from the supersaturated matrix. The fragmentation and spheroidization of the NiTi/Nb eutectics occur during solution treatment, leading to a morphological transition from mesh-like into rod-like and sphere-like. Coarsening of the β-Nb phases occurs with increasing holding time. The martensite transformation temperature increases after solution treatment, mainly attributed to (i) reduced lattice distortion caused by the expulsion of Nb from the supersaturated matrix and (ii) the expulsion of Ti from the β-Nb phases that lowers the Ni/Ti ratio of the matrix, which resulted from the microstructure changes from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state. The thermal hysteresis of the solutionized alloys is around 145 K after 20% pre-deformation, which is comparable to the conventional NiTiNb alloys. A short-term solution treatment (i.e., at 1273K for 30 min) improves the strength and ductility of the as-printed alloy, with the fracture stress increases from 613±19 MPa to 781±20MPa and the fracture strain increases from 7.6±0.1% to 9.5±0.4%. Both the as-printed and solutionized samples exhibit good shape memory effects with shape recovery rates >90%.
{"title":"Effect of solution treatment on the microstructure, phase transformation behaviour and functional properties of NiTiNb ternary shape memory alloys fabricated via laser powder bed fusion in-situ alloying","authors":"Rui Xi, Hao Jiang, Guichuan Li, Zhihui Zhang, Huiliang Wei, Guoqun Zhao, Jan Van Humbeeck, Xiebin Wang","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad35fc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad35fc","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Post-heat treatment is commonly employed to improve the microstructural homogeneity and enhance the mechanical properties of the additively manufactured metallic materials. In this work, a ternary (NiTi)91Nb9 (at.%) shape memory alloy was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) using pre-alloyed NiTi and elemental Nb powders. The influence of solution treatment on the microstructure, phase transformation behaviour and mechanical/functional properties was investigated. The in-situ alloyed (NiTi)91Nb9 alloy exhibits a submicron cellular-dendritic structure surrounding the supersaturated B2-NiTi matrix. Upon high-temperature (1273K) solution treatment, Nb-rich precipitates are precipitated from the supersaturated matrix. The fragmentation and spheroidization of the NiTi/Nb eutectics occur during solution treatment, leading to a morphological transition from mesh-like into rod-like and sphere-like. Coarsening of the β-Nb phases occurs with increasing holding time. The martensite transformation temperature increases after solution treatment, mainly attributed to (i) reduced lattice distortion caused by the expulsion of Nb from the supersaturated matrix and (ii) the expulsion of Ti from the β-Nb phases that lowers the Ni/Ti ratio of the matrix, which resulted from the microstructure changes from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state. The thermal hysteresis of the solutionized alloys is around 145 K after 20% pre-deformation, which is comparable to the conventional NiTiNb alloys. A short-term solution treatment (i.e., at 1273K for 30 min) improves the strength and ductility of the as-printed alloy, with the fracture stress increases from 613±19 MPa to 781±20MPa and the fracture strain increases from 7.6±0.1% to 9.5±0.4%. Both the as-printed and solutionized samples exhibit good shape memory effects with shape recovery rates >90%.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140226046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enabled trace molecules detection has important application prospects. By structuring/modifying the surface of SERS substrate, molecules in highly-diluted solution can be concentrated into localized active area for highly sensitive detection. However, subject to the difficulty of fabrication process, it remains challenging to balance hot-spots construction and concentration capacity to molecules simultaneously. Therefore, preparing SERS substrate with dense ordered hot-spots and efficient concentration capacity is of great significance for highly sensitive detection. Herein, we propose the Ag and fluoroalkyl modified hierarchical armour substrate (Ag/F-HA), which has a double-layer stacking design to combine analyte concentration with hotspot construction. The micro armour structure fabricated by femtosecond-laser processing to serve as a superhydrophobic and low-adhesive surface to concentrate molecules, while anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template creates nanopillars array serving as dense and ordered hot spots. Under the synergy action of hot-spots and molecule concentration, Ag/F-HA achieves the detection limit down to 10−7 M of Doxorubicin (DOX) molecules with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.69%. Additionally, Ag/F-HA exhibits the excellent robustness to resist external disturbance such as liquid splash or abrasion. Based on our strategy, the SERS substrates with directional analyte concentration are further explored by patterning microcone array with a defect. This work opens a way to the realistic implementation of SERS in diverse scenarios.
{"title":"Efficient concentration of trace analyte with ordered hotspot construction for a robust and sensitive SERS platform","authors":"Youdi Hu, Yanlei Hu, Zhenyu Wang, Jiale Yong, Wei Xiong, Dong Wu, Shixiang Xu","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad339a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad339a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enabled trace molecules detection has important application prospects. By structuring/modifying the surface of SERS substrate, molecules in highly-diluted solution can be concentrated into localized active area for highly sensitive detection. However, subject to the difficulty of fabrication process, it remains challenging to balance hot-spots construction and concentration capacity to molecules simultaneously. Therefore, preparing SERS substrate with dense ordered hot-spots and efficient concentration capacity is of great significance for highly sensitive detection. Herein, we propose the Ag and fluoroalkyl modified hierarchical armour substrate (Ag/F-HA), which has a double-layer stacking design to combine analyte concentration with hotspot construction. The micro armour structure fabricated by femtosecond-laser processing to serve as a superhydrophobic and low-adhesive surface to concentrate molecules, while anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template creates nanopillars array serving as dense and ordered hot spots. Under the synergy action of hot-spots and molecule concentration, Ag/F-HA achieves the detection limit down to 10−7 M of Doxorubicin (DOX) molecules with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.69%. Additionally, Ag/F-HA exhibits the excellent robustness to resist external disturbance such as liquid splash or abrasion. Based on our strategy, the SERS substrates with directional analyte concentration are further explored by patterning microcone array with a defect. This work opens a way to the realistic implementation of SERS in diverse scenarios.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140246143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad339b
Xiangde Lin, Zhenyu Feng, Yao Xiong, Wenwen Sun, Wanchen Yao, Yichen Wei, Zhongqiang Wang, Qijun Sun
With the arrival of the era of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, the explosive growth of data has raised higher demands on computer hardware and systems. Neuromorphic techniques inspired by biological nervous systems are expected to be one of the approaches to break the von Neumann bottleneck. Piezotronic neuromorphic devices modulate electrical transport characteristics by piezopotential and directly associate external mechanical motion with electrical output signals in an active manner, with the capability to sense/store/process information of external stimuli. In this review, we have presented the piezotronic neuromorphic devices (which are classified into strain-gated piezotronic transistors and piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG)-gated field effect transistors based on device structure) and discussed their operating mechanisms and related manufacture techniques. Secondly, we summarize the research progress of piezotronic neuromorphic devices in recent years and provide a detailed discussion on multifunctional applications including bionic sensing, information storage, logic computing, and electrical/optical artificial synapses. Finally, in the context of future development, challenges, and perspectives, we have discussed how to more effectively modulate novel neuromorphic devices with piezotronic effects. It is believed that the piezotronic neuromorphic devices have great potential for the next generation of interactive sensation/memory/computation to facilitate the development of the Internet of Things, AI, biomedical engineering, etc.
{"title":"Piezotronic Neuromorphic Devices: Principle, Manufacture, and Applications","authors":"Xiangde Lin, Zhenyu Feng, Yao Xiong, Wenwen Sun, Wanchen Yao, Yichen Wei, Zhongqiang Wang, Qijun Sun","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad339b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad339b","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the arrival of the era of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data, the explosive growth of data has raised higher demands on computer hardware and systems. Neuromorphic techniques inspired by biological nervous systems are expected to be one of the approaches to break the von Neumann bottleneck. Piezotronic neuromorphic devices modulate electrical transport characteristics by piezopotential and directly associate external mechanical motion with electrical output signals in an active manner, with the capability to sense/store/process information of external stimuli. In this review, we have presented the piezotronic neuromorphic devices (which are classified into strain-gated piezotronic transistors and piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG)-gated field effect transistors based on device structure) and discussed their operating mechanisms and related manufacture techniques. Secondly, we summarize the research progress of piezotronic neuromorphic devices in recent years and provide a detailed discussion on multifunctional applications including bionic sensing, information storage, logic computing, and electrical/optical artificial synapses. Finally, in the context of future development, challenges, and perspectives, we have discussed how to more effectively modulate novel neuromorphic devices with piezotronic effects. It is believed that the piezotronic neuromorphic devices have great potential for the next generation of interactive sensation/memory/computation to facilitate the development of the Internet of Things, AI, biomedical engineering, etc.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140246364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last three decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources. To address this pressing issue, the importance of reducing CO2 emissions has grown, leading to increased attention toward carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies. Among these strategies, monodisperse microcapsules, produced using droplet microfluidics, have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture, offering a potential solution to mitigate CO2 emissions. However, the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge. In this comprehensive review, the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on. Specifically, the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies, the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets, along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations, and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided. This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production, which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.
{"title":"High-throughput microfluidic production of carbon capture microcapsules: Fundamentals, applications, and perspectives","authors":"Xiangdong Liu, Wei Gao, Yue Lu, Liangyu Wu, Yongping Chen","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad339c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad339c","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the last three decades, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources. To address this pressing issue, the importance of reducing CO2 emissions has grown, leading to increased attention toward carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies. Among these strategies, monodisperse microcapsules, produced using droplet microfluidics, have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture, offering a potential solution to mitigate CO2 emissions. However, the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge. In this comprehensive review, the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on. Specifically, the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies, the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets, along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations, and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided. This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production, which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad33aa
Nianwei Xu, Renke Kang, Bi Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Chenxu Wang, Yan Bao, Z. Dong
Fatigue properties is crucial for critical aero-engine components in extreme environments, and it is greatly affected by surface integrity (SI) indexes (especially surface topography, residual stress σres, and microhardness) after machining processing. Normal-direction ultrasonic vibration-assisted face grinding (ND-UVAFG) has the advantage in solving poor machinability of Inconel 718, but there is a competitive between higher compressive residual stress and higher surface roughness in the influence of fatigue strength. Lack of quantitative relationship between multiple SI indexes and fatigue strength makes it difficult to determine the control strategy for improving fatigue properties. In present work, a model of fatigue strength (σf)sur considering multiple SI indexes was developed. Then, high cycle fatigue tests of Inconel 718 samples with different SI characteristics were carried out, and the influence of ND-UVAFG process parameters on SI was analyzed. Based on SI indexes data, the (σf)sur of ND-UVAFG Inconel 718 with different SI characteristics was calculated by the developed model, and fatigue crack initiation (FCI) sites was predicted. The predicted FCI sites were consistent with the experimental results, which verified this model. A strategy for improving the fatigue life was developed in this work, which was to transfer the fatigue source from the machined surface to the bulk material by controlling the SI indexes. Finally, a critical condition of SI indexes that FCI sites appeared in the surface or bulk material was given by fitting the predicted results. According to the critical condition, a SI field where FCI sites appeared in the bulk material could be obtained. In this field, the fatigue life of Inconel 718 samples could be improved by about 140%.
疲劳性能对于极端环境下的航空发动机关键部件至关重要，而加工处理后的表面完整性（SI）指标（尤其是表面形貌、残余应力σres 和显微硬度）对其影响很大。法向超声振动辅助平面磨削（ND-UVAFG）在解决 Inconel 718 加工性差的问题上具有优势，但在影响疲劳强度方面，较高的压缩残余应力和较高的表面粗糙度之间存在竞争关系。由于缺乏多个 SI 指标与疲劳强度之间的定量关系，因此很难确定改善疲劳性能的控制策略。在本研究中，建立了一个考虑多个 SI 指标的疲劳强度（σf）sur 模型。然后，对具有不同 SI 特性的 Inconel 718 样品进行了高循环疲劳试验，并分析了 ND-UVAFG 工艺参数对 SI 的影响。根据 SI 指数数据，所建立的模型计算了不同 SI 特性的 ND-UVAFG Inconel 718 的 (σf)sur 值，并预测了疲劳裂纹起始点（FCI）。预测的 FCI 点与实验结果一致，验证了该模型。这项工作还提出了一种提高疲劳寿命的策略，即通过控制 SI 指数将疲劳源从加工表面转移到主体材料上。最后，通过对预测结果进行拟合，给出了表面或块体材料中出现 FCI 点的 SI 指数临界条件。根据临界条件，可以得到在块体材料中出现 FCI 点的 SI 场。在该区域内，Inconel 718 样品的疲劳寿命可提高约 140%。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ad3315
Jiming Lv, Yuchen Liang, Xiang Xu, Gang Xu, Hongmei Zhang, Haifei Lu, Kaiyu Luo, Jie Cai, Jinzhong Lu
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have made significant progress in the basic theoretical field since their invention in the 1970s. However, performance instability during continuous processing, such as thermal history, residual stress accumulation, and columnar grain epitaxial growth, consistently hinders their broad application in standardized industrial production. To overcome these challenges, performance-control-oriented hybrid AM (HAM) technologies have been introduced. These technologies, by leveraging external auxiliary processes, aim to regulate microstructural evolution and mechanical properties during metal AM. In this context, HAM technologies for molten pool regulation and solidified material deformation are identified as energy field-assisted AM (EFed AM, e.g., ultrasonic, electromagnetic, heat, etc.) technologies and interlayer plastic deformation-assisted AM (IPDed AM, e.g., laser shock peening, rolling, ultrasonic peening, friction stir process, etc.) technologies, respectively. A detailed and systematic review of performance-control-oriented HAM technologies is then provided. This review covers the influence of external energy fields on the melting, flow, and solidification behavior of materials, and the regulatory effects of interlayer plastic deformation on grain refinement, nucleation, and recrystallization. Furthermore, the role of performance-control-oriented HAM technologies in managing residual stress conversion, metallurgical defect closure, mechanical property improvement, and anisotropy regulation is thoroughly reviewed and discussed. The review concludes with an analysis of future development trends in EFed AM and IPDed AM technologies.
金属增材制造（AM）技术自 20 世纪 70 年代发明以来，已在基础理论领域取得了重大进展。然而，连续加工过程中的性能不稳定性，如热历史、残余应力累积和柱状晶粒外延生长，始终阻碍着其在标准化工业生产中的广泛应用。为了克服这些挑战，以性能控制为导向的混合 AM（HAM）技术应运而生。这些技术利用外部辅助工艺，旨在调节金属 AM 过程中的微结构演变和机械性能。在此背景下，用于调节熔池和凝固材料变形的 HAM 技术分别被确定为能量场辅助 AM（EFed AM，如超声波、电磁、热等）技术和层间塑性变形辅助 AM（IPDed AM，如激光冲击强化、轧制、超声波强化、摩擦搅拌工艺等）技术。然后，对以性能控制为导向的 HAM 技术进行了详细、系统的综述。该综述涵盖了外部能量场对材料熔化、流动和凝固行为的影响，以及层间塑性变形对晶粒细化、成核和再结晶的调节作用。此外，还全面回顾和讨论了以性能控制为导向的 HAM 技术在管理残余应力转换、冶金缺陷封闭、机械性能改善和各向异性调节方面的作用。综述最后分析了 EFed AM 和 IPDed AM 技术的未来发展趋势。
{"title":"Performance-control orientated hybrid metal additive manufacturing technologies: State of the art, challenges, and future trends","authors":"Jiming Lv, Yuchen Liang, Xiang Xu, Gang Xu, Hongmei Zhang, Haifei Lu, Kaiyu Luo, Jie Cai, Jinzhong Lu","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad3315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad3315","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have made significant progress in the basic theoretical field since their invention in the 1970s. However, performance instability during continuous processing, such as thermal history, residual stress accumulation, and columnar grain epitaxial growth, consistently hinders their broad application in standardized industrial production. To overcome these challenges, performance-control-oriented hybrid AM (HAM) technologies have been introduced. These technologies, by leveraging external auxiliary processes, aim to regulate microstructural evolution and mechanical properties during metal AM. In this context, HAM technologies for molten pool regulation and solidified material deformation are identified as energy field-assisted AM (EFed AM, e.g., ultrasonic, electromagnetic, heat, etc.) technologies and interlayer plastic deformation-assisted AM (IPDed AM, e.g., laser shock peening, rolling, ultrasonic peening, friction stir process, etc.) technologies, respectively. A detailed and systematic review of performance-control-oriented HAM technologies is then provided. This review covers the influence of external energy fields on the melting, flow, and solidification behavior of materials, and the regulatory effects of interlayer plastic deformation on grain refinement, nucleation, and recrystallization. Furthermore, the role of performance-control-oriented HAM technologies in managing residual stress conversion, metallurgical defect closure, mechanical property improvement, and anisotropy regulation is thoroughly reviewed and discussed. The review concludes with an analysis of future development trends in EFed AM and IPDed AM technologies.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bi-activated photonic materials are promising for various applications in high-capacity telecommunication, tunable laser, and advanced bioimaging and sensing. Although various Bi-doped material candidates have been explored, manufacturing of Bi heavily doped fiber with excellent optical activity remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, a novel fragility mediated strategy for manufacturing of Bi-doped active fiber with high dopant solubility is proposed. The intrinsic relation among the evolution of Bi, reaction temperature and viscosity of the glass system is established. Importantly, the effective avenue to prevent the undesired deactivation of Bi during fiber drawing by tuning the temperature dependent viscosity evolution is built. By applying the strategy, for the first time we demonstrate the success in fabrication of heavily doped Bi active fiber. Furthermore, the principle fiber amplifier device is constructed and broadband optical signal amplification is realized. Our findings indicate the effectiveness of the proposed fragility mediated strategy for developing novel photonic active fiber, and they also demonstrate the great potential for application in the next-generation high-capacity telecommunication system.
掺铒光子材料在大容量电信、可调谐激光以及先进生物成像和传感领域的各种应用中大有可为。尽管人们已经探索了多种掺铋材料候选材料，但制造具有优异光学活性的重掺铋光纤仍是一项长期挑战。本文提出了一种新型脆性介导策略，用于制造具有高掺杂溶解度的掺铋活性光纤。该方法确定了 Bi 的演变、反应温度和玻璃体系粘度之间的内在联系。重要的是，通过调整随温度变化的粘度演变，建立了防止纤维拉伸过程中出现不希望的铋失活的有效途径。通过应用该策略，我们首次成功地制造出了重掺铋有源光纤。此外，我们还构建了原理光纤放大器设备，并实现了宽带光信号放大。我们的研究结果表明了所提出的脆性介导策略在开发新型光子有源光纤方面的有效性，同时也证明了其在下一代大容量电信系统中的巨大应用潜力。
{"title":"Control of temperature dependent viscosity for manufacturing of Bi-doped active fiber","authors":"Rui Duan, Jing‐Nan Chen, Hao Ke, Tianxia Wei, Ke Zhang, Xueliang Li, Xu Feng, Qiuju Zheng, Zhixue He, Jianrong Qiu, Shifeng Zhou","doi":"10.1088/2631-7990/ad3317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad3317","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bi-activated photonic materials are promising for various applications in high-capacity telecommunication, tunable laser, and advanced bioimaging and sensing. Although various Bi-doped material candidates have been explored, manufacturing of Bi heavily doped fiber with excellent optical activity remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, a novel fragility mediated strategy for manufacturing of Bi-doped active fiber with high dopant solubility is proposed. The intrinsic relation among the evolution of Bi, reaction temperature and viscosity of the glass system is established. Importantly, the effective avenue to prevent the undesired deactivation of Bi during fiber drawing by tuning the temperature dependent viscosity evolution is built. By applying the strategy, for the first time we demonstrate the success in fabrication of heavily doped Bi active fiber. Furthermore, the principle fiber amplifier device is constructed and broadband optical signal amplification is realized. Our findings indicate the effectiveness of the proposed fragility mediated strategy for developing novel photonic active fiber, and they also demonstrate the great potential for application in the next-generation high-capacity telecommunication system.","PeriodicalId":52353,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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