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Biofabrication strategies with single-cell resolution: a review 单细胞分辨率生物制造策略综述
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-18 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ace863
Dezhi Zhou, B. Dou, F. Kroh, Chuqian Wang, Liliang Ouyang
The introduction of living cells to manufacturing process has enabled the engineering of complex biological tissues in vitro. The recent advances in biofabrication with extremely high resolution (e.g. at single cell level) have greatly enhanced this capacity and opened new avenues for tissue engineering. In this review, we comprehensively overview the current biofabrication strategies with single-cell resolution and categorize them based on the dimension of the single-cell building blocks, i.e. zero-dimensional single-cell droplets, one-dimensional single-cell filaments and two-dimensional single-cell sheets. We provide an informative introduction to the most recent advances in these approaches (e.g. cell trapping, bioprinting, electrospinning, microfluidics and cell sheets) and further illustrated how they can be used in in vitro tissue modelling and regenerative medicine. We highlight the significance of single-cell-level biofabrication and discuss the challenges and opportunities in the field.
将活细胞引入制造过程使复杂生物组织的工程在体外成为可能。最近在高分辨率(如单细胞水平)生物制造方面的进展极大地增强了这种能力,并为组织工程开辟了新的途径。在这篇综述中,我们全面概述了目前单细胞分辨率的生物制造策略,并根据单细胞构建块的尺寸对它们进行了分类,即零维单细胞液滴,一维单细胞细丝和二维单细胞片。我们对这些方法的最新进展(如细胞捕获、生物打印、静电纺丝、微流体和细胞片)进行了翔实的介绍,并进一步说明了它们如何用于体外组织建模和再生医学。我们强调单细胞水平生物制造的重要性,并讨论该领域的挑战和机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Auxetic mechanical metamaterials: from soft to stiff 辅助机械超材料:由软到硬
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ace668
Xiang Li, Wei Peng, Wenwang Wu, Jian Xiong, Yang Lu
Auxetic mechanical metamaterials are artificially architected materials that possess negative Poisson’s ratio, demonstrating transversal contracting deformation under external vertical compression loading. Their physical properties are mainly determined by spatial topological configurations. Traditionally, classical auxetic mechanical metamaterials exhibit relatively lower mechanical stiffness, compared to classic stretching dominated architectures. Nevertheless, in recent years, several novel auxetic mechanical metamaterials with high stiffness have been designed and proposed for energy absorption, load-bearing, and thermal-mechanical coupling applications. In this paper, mechanical design methods for designing auxetic structures with soft and stiff mechanical behavior are summarized and classified. For soft auxetic mechanical metamaterials, classic methods, such as using soft basic material, hierarchical design, tensile braided design, and curved ribs, are proposed. In comparison, for stiff auxetic mechanical metamaterials, design schemes, such as hard base material, hierarchical design, composite design, and adding additional load-bearing ribs, are proposed. Multi-functional applications of soft and stiff auxetic mechanical metamaterials are then reviewed. We hope this study could provide some guidelines for designing programmed auxetics with specified mechanical stiffness and deformation abilities according to demand.
辅助机械超材料是具有负泊松比的人工构造材料,在外部垂直压缩载荷下表现出横向收缩变形。它们的物理性质主要由空间拓扑结构决定。传统上,与经典的拉伸主导结构相比,经典的auxetic机械超材料具有相对较低的机械刚度。然而,近年来,人们设计并提出了几种具有高刚度的新型塑性机械超材料,用于能量吸收、承载和热-机械耦合。本文对具有软、刚性力学性能的减力结构的设计方法进行了总结和分类。对于软塑性机械超材料,提出了采用软基材料、分层设计、拉伸编织设计和弯曲肋等经典方法。对于刚性机械材料,提出了硬基材料、分层设计、复合设计和增加附加承重肋等设计方案。综述了软、硬塑性机械超材料的多功能应用。希望本研究能为设计具有特定机械刚度和变形能力的程序化助塑剂提供指导。
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引用次数: 2
Tribotronics: an emerging field by coupling triboelectricity and semiconductors 摩擦学:将摩擦学与半导体相结合的新兴领域
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ace669
Chi Zhang, Junqing Zhao, Zhi Zhang, Tianzhao Bu, Guoxu Liu, Xianpeng Fu
Tribotronics is an emerging research field that focuses on the coupling of triboelectricity and semiconductors. In this review, we summarise and explore three branches of tribotronics. Firstly, we introduce the tribovoltaic effect, which involves direct-current power generation through mechanical friction on semiconductor interfaces. This effect offers significant advantages in terms of high power density compared to traditional insulator-based triboelectric nanogenerators. Secondly, we elaborate on triboelectric modulation, which utilises the triboelectric potential on field-effect transistors. This approach enables active mechanosensation and nanoscale tactile perception. Additionally, we present triboelectric management, which aims to improve energy supply efficiency using semiconductor device technology. This strategy provides an effective microenergy solution for sensors and microsystems. For the interactions between triboelectricity and semiconductors, the research of tribotronics has exhibited the electronics of interfacial friction systems, and the triboelectric technology by electronics. This review demonstrates the promising prospects of tribotronics in the development of new functional devices and self-powered microsystems for intelligent manufacturing, robotic sensing, and the industrial Internet of Things.
摩擦电子学是一个新兴的研究领域,主要研究摩擦电与半导体的耦合。在这篇综述中,我们总结和探讨了摩擦学的三个分支。首先,我们介绍了摩擦伏打效应,即通过半导体界面上的机械摩擦产生的直流电。与传统的基于绝缘体的摩擦纳米发电机相比,这种效应在高功率密度方面具有显著的优势。其次,我们详细阐述了利用场效应晶体管的摩擦电位的摩擦电调制。这种方法可以实现主动机械感觉和纳米级触觉感知。此外,我们提出摩擦电管理,其目的是提高能源供应效率,利用半导体器件技术。该策略为传感器和微系统提供了有效的微能量解决方案。对于摩擦电与半导体之间的相互作用,摩擦电子学的研究展示了界面摩擦系统的电子学,以及电子学的摩擦电技术。本文综述了摩擦学在智能制造、机器人传感和工业物联网的新功能器件和自供电微系统开发中的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Textile electronics for wearable applications 可穿戴应用的纺织电子产品
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ace66a
Junhong Pu, Kitming Ma, Yonghui Luo, Shengyang Tang, Tongyao Liu, Jin Liu, Manyui Leung, Jing Yang, Ruomu Hui, Ying Xiong, Xiaoming Tao
Textile electronics have become an indispensable part of wearable applications because of their large flexibility, light-weight, comfort and electronic functionality upon the merge of textiles and microelectronics. As a result, the fabrication of functional fibrous materials and the integration of textile electronic devices have attracted increasing interest in the wearable electronic community. Challenges are encountered in the development of textile electronics in a way that is electrically reliable and durable, without compromising on the deformability and comfort of a garment, including processing multiple materials with great mismatches in mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties and assembling various structures with the disparity in dimensional scales and surface roughness. Equal challenges lie in high-quality and cost-effective processes facilitated by high-level digital technology enabled design and manufacturing methods. This work reviews the manufacturing of textile-shaped electronics via the processing of functional fibrous materials from the perspective of hierarchical architectures, and discusses the heterogeneous integration of microelectronics into normal textiles upon the fabric circuit board and adapted electrical connections, broadly covering both conventional and advanced textile electronic production processes. We summarize the applications and obstacles of textile electronics explored so far in sensors, actuators, thermal management, energy fields, and displays. Finally, the main conclusions and outlook are provided while the remaining challenges of the fabrication and application of textile electronics are emphasized.
纺织电子产品在纺织和微电子技术的融合下,由于其大的灵活性、轻量化、舒适性和电子功能,已成为可穿戴应用中不可或缺的一部分。因此,功能纤维材料的制造和纺织电子器件的集成引起了可穿戴电子领域越来越多的兴趣。纺织电子产品在电气可靠性和耐用性的发展中遇到了挑战,同时又不影响服装的可变形性和舒适性,包括加工多种材料,这些材料在机械、热学和电气性能上存在很大的不匹配,以及组装各种尺寸尺度和表面粗糙度不同的结构。同样的挑战在于高质量和高成本效益的流程,这些流程由高水平的数字技术支持的设计和制造方法所促进。本研究从层次结构的角度回顾了通过功能性纤维材料的加工制造纺织形状的电子产品,并讨论了在织物电路板和适应的电气连接上将微电子集成到普通纺织品中的异质集成,广泛涵盖了传统和先进的纺织电子生产工艺。我们总结了纺织电子迄今为止在传感器、执行器、热管理、能量领域和显示方面的应用和障碍。最后,对本文的主要结论和展望进行了总结,并对纺织电子器件的制造和应用面临的挑战进行了展望。
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引用次数: 2
3D printing of functional bioengineered constructs for neural regeneration: a review 3D打印用于神经再生的功能性生物工程结构:综述
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ace56c
Hui Zhu, Cong Yao, Bo-yuan Wei, Chenyu Xu, Xinxin Huang, Yan Liu, Jiankang He, Jianning Zhang, Dichen Li
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has opened a new paradigm to controllably and reproducibly fabricate bioengineered neural constructs for potential applications in repairing injured nervous tissues or producing in vitro nervous tissue models. However, the complexity of nervous tissues poses great challenges to 3D-printed bioengineered analogues, which should possess diverse architectural/chemical/electrical functionalities to resemble the native growth microenvironments for functional neural regeneration. In this work, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the latest development of 3D printing for bioengineered neural constructs. Various 3D printing techniques for neural tissue-engineered scaffolds or living cell-laden constructs are summarized and compared in terms of their unique advantages. We highlight the advanced strategies by integrating topographical, biochemical and electroactive cues inside 3D-printed neural constructs to replicate in vivo-like microenvironment for functional neural regeneration. The typical applications of 3D-printed bioengineered constructs for in vivo repair of injured nervous tissues, bio-electronics interfacing with native nervous system, neural-on-chips as well as brain-like tissue models are demonstrated. The challenges and future outlook associated with 3D printing for functional neural constructs in various categories are discussed.
三维(3D)打印技术为可控制和可重复地制造生物工程神经结构开辟了新的范例,在修复损伤的神经组织或制造体外神经组织模型方面具有潜在的应用前景。然而,神经组织的复杂性对3d打印的生物工程类似物提出了巨大的挑战,这些类似物应该具有不同的建筑/化学/电子功能,以类似于功能性神经再生的天然生长微环境。在这项工作中,我们提供了生物工程神经结构3D打印的最新发展的最先进的审查。总结和比较了用于神经组织工程支架或活细胞负载结构的各种3D打印技术的独特优势。我们强调了先进的策略,将地形、生化和电活性线索整合在3d打印的神经结构中,在类似于体内的微环境中复制,以实现功能性神经再生。展示了3d打印生物工程结构在损伤神经组织的体内修复、与天然神经系统的生物电子接口、神经芯片以及类脑组织模型等方面的典型应用。讨论了与3D打印相关的各种功能神经结构的挑战和未来前景。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative coherence between layered and traditional semiconductors: unique opportunities for heterogeneous integration 层状和传统半导体之间的相对相干性:异质集成的独特机会
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ace501
Zhuofan Chen, Xiaonan Deng, Simian Zhang, Yuqi Wang, Yifei Wu, Shengxian Ke, Junshang Zhang, Fucheng Liu, Jianing Liu, Yingjie Liu, Yuchun Lin, A. Hanna, Zhengcao Li, Chen Wang
As Moore’s law deteriorates, the research and development of new materials system are crucial for transitioning into the post Moore era. Traditional semiconductor materials, such as silicon, have served as the cornerstone of modern technologies for over half a century. This has been due to extensive research and engineering on new techniques to continuously enrich silicon-based materials system and, subsequently, to develop better performed silicon-based devices. Meanwhile, in the emerging post Moore era, layered semiconductor materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), have garnered considerable research interest due to their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties, which hold great promise for powering the new era of next generation electronics. As a result, techniques for engineering the properties of layered semiconductors have expanded the possibilities of layered semiconductor-based devices. However, there remain significant limitations in the synthesis and engineering of layered semiconductors, impeding the utilization of layered semiconductor-based devices for mass applications. As a practical alternative, heterogeneous integration between layered and traditional semiconductors provides valuable opportunities to combine the distinctive properties of layered semiconductors with well-developed traditional semiconductors materials system. Here, we provide an overview of the comparative coherence between layered and traditional semiconductors, starting with TMDs as the representation of layered semiconductors. We highlight the meaningful opportunities presented by the heterogeneous integration of layered semiconductors with traditional semiconductors, representing an optimal strategy poised to propel the emerging semiconductor research community and chip industry towards unprecedented advancements in the coming decades.
随着摩尔定律的恶化,新材料体系的研究与开发对于过渡到后摩尔时代至关重要。半个多世纪以来,硅等传统半导体材料一直是现代技术的基石。这是由于对新技术的广泛研究和工程设计,不断丰富硅基材料体系,并随后开发出性能更好的硅基器件。与此同时,在新兴的后摩尔时代,层状半导体材料,如过渡金属二硫族化合物(TMDs),由于其独特的电子和光电子特性而获得了相当大的研究兴趣,为下一代电子产品的新时代提供了巨大的希望。因此,层状半导体特性工程技术扩大了层状半导体器件的可能性。然而,在层状半导体的合成和工程上仍然存在很大的局限性,阻碍了层状半导体器件的大规模应用。作为一种实用的替代方案,层状半导体与传统半导体之间的异质集成为层状半导体的独特特性与发达的传统半导体材料体系相结合提供了宝贵的机会。在这里,我们提供了层状半导体和传统半导体之间的比较相干性的概述,从tmd作为层状半导体的表示开始。我们强调了层状半导体与传统半导体的异质集成所带来的有意义的机会,代表了一种最佳策略,可以推动新兴的半导体研究界和芯片行业在未来几十年取得前所未有的进步。
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引用次数: 0
4D printing: interdisciplinary integration of smart materials, structural design, and new functionality 4D打印:智能材料、结构设计、新功能的跨学科融合
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ace090
Zhiyang Lyu, Jinlan Wang, Y. Chen
Four-dimensional printing allows for the transformation capabilities of 3D-printed architectures over time, altering their shape, properties, or function when exposed to external stimuli. This interdisciplinary technology endows the 3D architectures with unique functionalities, which has generated excitement in diverse research fields, such as soft robotics, biomimetics, biomedical devices, and sensors. Understanding the selection of the material, architectural designs, and employed stimuli is crucial to unlocking the potential of smart customization with 4D printing. This review summarizes recent significant developments in 4D printing and establishes links between smart materials, 3D printing techniques, programmable structures, diversiform stimulus, and new functionalities for multidisciplinary applications. We start by introducing the advanced features of 4D printing and the key technological roadmap for its implementation. We then place considerable emphasis on printable smart materials and structural designs, as well as general approaches to designing programmable structures. We also review stimulus designs in smart materials and their associated stimulus-responsive mechanisms. Finally, we discuss new functionalities of 4D printing for potential applications and further development directions.
四维打印允许3d打印架构随着时间的推移进行转换,当暴露于外部刺激时改变其形状,属性或功能。这种跨学科的技术赋予了3D架构独特的功能,这在不同的研究领域,如软机器人,仿生学,生物医学设备和传感器产生了兴奋。了解材料的选择,建筑设计,并采用刺激是解锁智能定制与4D打印的潜力至关重要。本文总结了最近4D打印的重大进展,并建立了智能材料、3D打印技术、可编程结构、多样化刺激和多学科应用新功能之间的联系。我们首先介绍4D打印的先进功能及其实施的关键技术路线图。然后,我们相当重视可打印的智能材料和结构设计,以及设计可编程结构的一般方法。我们还回顾了智能材料的刺激设计及其相关的刺激反应机制。最后,我们讨论了4D打印的新功能以及未来的发展方向。
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引用次数: 2
Recent advances in meniscus-on-demand three-dimensional micro- and nano-printing for electronics and photonics 电子学和光子学半月板按需三维微纳米印刷的最新进展
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acdf2d
Shiqi Hu, Xiao Huan, Yu Liu, Sixi Cao, Zhuoran Wang, Ji Tae Kim
The continual demand for modern optoelectronics with a high integration degree and customized functions has increased requirements for nanofabrication methods with high resolution, freeform, and mask-free. Meniscus-on-demand three-dimensional (3D) printing is a high-resolution additive manufacturing technique that exploits the ink meniscus formed on a printer nozzle and is suitable for the fabrication of micro/nanoscale 3D architectures. This method can be used for solution-processed 3D patterning of materials at a resolution of up to 100 nm, which provides an excellent platform for fundamental scientific studies and various practical applications. This review presents recent advances in meniscus-on-demand 3D printing, together with historical perspectives and theoretical background on meniscus formation and stability. Moreover, this review highlights the capabilities of meniscus-on-demand 3D printing in terms of printable materials and potential areas of application, such as electronics and photonics.
对高集成度和定制功能的现代光电子技术的持续需求增加了对高分辨率、自由形状和无掩模的纳米制造方法的要求。半月板按需三维(3D)打印是一种高分辨率的增材制造技术,它利用打印机喷嘴上形成的油墨半月板,适用于微/纳米级3D结构的制造。该方法可用于分辨率高达100 nm的溶液处理材料三维图案化,为基础科学研究和各种实际应用提供了良好的平台。本文综述了半月板按需3D打印的最新进展,以及半月板形成和稳定性的历史观点和理论背景。此外,本综述强调了半月板按需3D打印在可打印材料和潜在应用领域(如电子和光子学)方面的能力。
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引用次数: 1
Advances in 3D printing scaffolds for peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury repair 3D打印支架修复周围神经和脊髓损伤的研究进展
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acde21
Juqing Song, Baiheng Lv, Wen-Chien Chen, Peng Ding, Yong He
Because of the complex nerve anatomy and limited regeneration ability of natural tissue, the current treatment effect for long-distance peripheral nerve regeneration and spinal cord injury (SCI) repair is not satisfactory. As an alternative method, tissue engineering is a promising method to regenerate peripheral nerve and spinal cord, and can provide structures and functions similar to natural tissues through scaffold materials and seed cells. Recently, the rapid development of 3D printing technology enables researchers to create novel 3D constructs with sophisticated structures and diverse functions to achieve high bionics of structures and functions. In this review, we first outlined the anatomy of peripheral nerve and spinal cord, as well as the current treatment strategies for the peripheral nerve injury and SCI in clinical. After that, the design considerations of peripheral nerve and spinal cord tissue engineering were discussed, and various 3D printing technologies applicable to neural tissue engineering were elaborated, including inkjet, extrusion-based, stereolithography, projection-based, and emerging printing technologies. Finally, we focused on the application of 3D printing technology in peripheral nerve regeneration and spinal cord repair, as well as the challenges and prospects in this research field.
由于神经解剖结构复杂,自然组织再生能力有限,目前远端周围神经再生和脊髓损伤修复的治疗效果并不理想。作为一种替代方法,组织工程是再生周围神经和脊髓的一种很有前途的方法,它可以通过支架材料和种子细胞提供与自然组织相似的结构和功能。近年来,3D打印技术的快速发展使研究人员能够创造出结构复杂、功能多样的新型3D结构,实现结构和功能的高度仿生学。在这篇综述中,我们首先概述了周围神经和脊髓的解剖结构,以及目前临床对周围神经损伤和脊髓损伤的治疗策略。然后,讨论了周围神经和脊髓组织工程的设计考虑,并阐述了适用于神经组织工程的各种3D打印技术,包括喷墨打印、挤压打印、立体光刻、投影打印和新兴打印技术。最后,我们重点介绍了3D打印技术在周围神经再生和脊髓修复中的应用,以及该研究领域面临的挑战和前景。
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引用次数: 0
Recent advances in nanofiber-based flexible transparent electrodes 纳米纤维基柔性透明电极的研究进展
IF 14.7 1区 工程技术 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/acdc66
Houchao Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Yuping Tai, Junyi Zhou, Hongke Li, Zhenghao Li, Rui Wang, Jinbao Zhang, Youchao Zhang, Wensong Ge, Fan Zhang, Luanfa Sun, Guangming Zhang, Hongbo Lan
Flexible and stretchable transparent electrodes are widely used in smart display, energy, wearable devices and other fields. Due to the limitations of flexibility and stretchability of indium tin oxide electrodes, alternative electrodes have appeared, such as metal films, metal nanowires, and conductive meshes. However, few of the above electrodes can simultaneously have excellent flexibility, stretchability, and optoelectronic properties. Nanofiber (NF), a continuous ultra-long one-dimensional conductive material, is considered to be one of the ideal materials for high-performance transparent electrodes with excellent properties due to its unique structure. This paper summarizes the important research progress of NF flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) in recent years from the aspects of NF electrode materials, preparation technology and application. First, the unique advantages and limitations of various NF materials are systematically discussed. Then, we summarize the preparation technology of various advanced NF FTEs, and point out the future development trend. We also discuss the application of NFs in solar cells, supercapacitors, electric heating equipments, sensors, etc, and analyze its development potential in flexible electronic equipment, as well as problems that need to be solved. Finally, the challenges and future development trends are proposed in the wide application of NF FTEs in the field of flexible optoelectronics.
柔性、可拉伸透明电极广泛应用于智能显示、能源、可穿戴设备等领域。由于氧化铟锡电极的柔韧性和可拉伸性的限制,出现了金属薄膜、金属纳米线和导电网等替代电极。然而,很少有上述电极可以同时具有优异的柔韧性、可拉伸性和光电子性能。纳米纤维(NF)是一种连续超长一维导电材料,由于其独特的结构特点,被认为是制造高性能透明电极的理想材料之一。本文从纳滤电极材料、制备工艺和应用等方面综述了近年来纳滤柔性透明电极的重要研究进展。首先,系统地讨论了各种NF材料的独特优势和局限性。然后总结了各种先进的NF fte的制备技术,并指出了未来的发展趋势。讨论了纳米碳纳米管在太阳能电池、超级电容器、电热设备、传感器等方面的应用,分析了纳米碳纳米管在柔性电子设备中的发展潜力以及需要解决的问题。最后,提出了NF fte在柔性光电子领域广泛应用所面临的挑战和未来的发展趋势。
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引用次数: 9
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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
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