Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.08
R. Mazur
LANGUAGE ACCURACY OF TEXTS GENERATED BY AI: A CASE STUDY OF CHATGPT The article aims to assess the linguistic accuracy of texts generated by ChatGPT, based on queries that mirror the instructions found in the 2023 secondary school final exam in Polish language and literature. The analysis focused on identifying and classifying language errors and evaluating their frequency. The results of the analysis revealed a varied level of accuracy in AI-generated texts. Most errors occurred in texts containing more complex constructions, where correct formulation required a comprehensive understanding of grammatical rules. The conclusions drawn from the analysis offer insights into the limitations of AI, which users should be mindful of when editing texts using chatbots.
{"title":"O poprawności językowej tekstów generowanych przez SI na przykładzie ChatuGPT","authors":"R. Mazur","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.08","url":null,"abstract":"LANGUAGE ACCURACY OF TEXTS GENERATED BY AI: A CASE STUDY OF CHATGPT \u0000The article aims to assess the linguistic accuracy of texts generated by ChatGPT, based on queries that mirror the instructions found in the 2023 secondary school final exam in Polish language and literature. The analysis focused on identifying and classifying language errors and evaluating their frequency. The results of the analysis revealed a varied level of accuracy in AI-generated texts. Most errors occurred in texts containing more complex constructions, where correct formulation required a comprehensive understanding of grammatical rules. The conclusions drawn from the analysis offer insights into the limitations of AI, which users should be mindful of when editing texts using chatbots.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141007784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.10
Magdalena Pastuch, Barbara Mitrenga, K. Wąsińska
SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANNOTATION IN THE CORPUS OF OLD POLISH DRAMATIC TEXTS (1772–1939) The article presents the criteria applied in the sociolinguistic annotation in the Corpus of old Polish dramatic texts (1772–1939) (KorTeDa). This level of annotation was about assigning the three basic sociolinguistic variables: age, sex and social status to all the utterances of drama characters (except for collective statements). Six values were selected for determining age (underage, young adult, middle- aged adult, older adult (senior), indeterminate adult, indeterminate); three for sex (female, male, indeterminate); and four for social status (low, medium, high, indeterminate). The article shows the interdependence between those factors and the historical, social and cultural context. Additionally, the authors illustrated substantial and technical problems they faced during the process of this type of annotation. KorTeDa may become an important tool for analysing the history of the Polish language taking into account the methods of corpus linguistics and sociopragmatics.
{"title":"Anotacja socjolingwistyczna w Korpusie dawnych polskich tekstów dramatycznych (1772–1939)","authors":"Magdalena Pastuch, Barbara Mitrenga, K. Wąsińska","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.10","url":null,"abstract":"SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANNOTATION IN THE CORPUS OF OLD POLISH DRAMATIC TEXTS (1772–1939) \u0000The article presents the criteria applied in the sociolinguistic annotation in the Corpus of old Polish dramatic texts (1772–1939) (KorTeDa). This level of annotation was about assigning the three basic sociolinguistic variables: age, sex and social status to all the utterances of drama characters (except for collective statements). Six values were selected for determining age (underage, young adult, middle- aged adult, older adult (senior), indeterminate adult, indeterminate); three for sex (female, male, indeterminate); and four for social status (low, medium, high, indeterminate). The article shows the interdependence between those factors and the historical, social and cultural context. Additionally, the authors illustrated substantial and technical problems they faced during the process of this type of annotation. KorTeDa may become an important tool for analysing the history of the Polish language taking into account the methods of corpus linguistics and sociopragmatics.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141010384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.13
Beata Raszewska-Żurek
SELECTED ARCHAISMS IN POLISH LUDIC LEXIS The article is dedicated to the history of old lexemes from the conceptual field of zabawa [play], which today are already archaisms: krotochwila [joke], krotochwilić [to joke], kłam [a lie], przekwint/ przekwinta [excessive elegance] and wydwarzanie [playing jokes]. The text is a contribution to the analysis of Polish ludic vocabulary in the diachronic aspect. The analysis is based on dictionaries and corpuses of historical Polish. A review of the history of just a few lexemes showed that, within the concept of ZABAWA, changes were taking place which included the withdrawal of lexemes present in this conceptual field from the beginning. These changes concerned both words whose presence in the field was strongly marked (krotochwilić, krotochwila), as well as those that appeared in it only occasionally (przekwinta, wydwarzanie). Regardless of this, all of them eventually left not only the conceptual field of PLAY, but also the Polish language in general.
{"title":"O wybranych archaizmach w polskiej leksyce ludycznej","authors":"Beata Raszewska-Żurek","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.13","url":null,"abstract":"SELECTED ARCHAISMS IN POLISH LUDIC LEXIS \u0000The article is dedicated to the history of old lexemes from the conceptual field of zabawa [play], which today are already archaisms: krotochwila [joke], krotochwilić [to joke], kłam [a lie], przekwint/ przekwinta [excessive elegance] and wydwarzanie [playing jokes]. The text is a contribution to the analysis of Polish ludic vocabulary in the diachronic aspect. The analysis is based on dictionaries and corpuses of historical Polish. A review of the history of just a few lexemes showed that, within the concept of ZABAWA, changes were taking place which included the withdrawal of lexemes present in this conceptual field from the beginning. These changes concerned both words whose presence in the field was strongly marked (krotochwilić, krotochwila), as well as those that appeared in it only occasionally (przekwinta, wydwarzanie). Regardless of this, all of them eventually left not only the conceptual field of PLAY, but also the Polish language in general.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"57 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.07
Barbara Żebrowska-Mazur
ON EVALUATIVE LINGUISTIC LABELS USED IN REGARD TO YOUNG CHILDREN The author of the article attempts to describe the linguistic phenomenon of labelling and stigmatization concerning children. In the introduction, the issue of child discrimination, known as adultism, is addressed. Then, the author discusses the origins and mechanisms of pejorative terms which frequently appear in online discussions related to motherhood and parenthood. In the analytical section, the author presents the most commonly used and negatively charged personal expressions, extracted,e. g. from the Monco PL search engine: bombelek, gówniak, kaszojad, purchlę and purchlak [pejorative terms denoting children]. Possible etymologies and usage examples are provided. Originally unequivocally negative terms for children also permeate colloquial language and gradually become neutralized or serve to distance oneself from parenthood. However, in this context, it’s worth referring to the ethics of language and promoting inclusive communication, which should also extend to talking about children and communicating with them.
{"title":"O wartościujących etykietach językowych używanych względem małych dzieci","authors":"Barbara Żebrowska-Mazur","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.07","url":null,"abstract":"ON EVALUATIVE LINGUISTIC LABELS USED IN REGARD TO YOUNG CHILDREN \u0000The author of the article attempts to describe the linguistic phenomenon of labelling and stigmatization concerning children. In the introduction, the issue of child discrimination, known as adultism, is addressed. Then, the author discusses the origins and mechanisms of pejorative terms which frequently appear in online discussions related to motherhood and parenthood. In the analytical section, the author presents the most commonly used and negatively charged personal expressions, extracted,e. g. from the Monco PL search engine: bombelek, gówniak, kaszojad, purchlę and purchlak [pejorative terms denoting children]. Possible etymologies and usage examples are provided. Originally unequivocally negative terms for children also permeate colloquial language and gradually become neutralized or serve to distance oneself from parenthood. However, in this context, it’s worth referring to the ethics of language and promoting inclusive communication, which should also extend to talking about children and communicating with them.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"50 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141010097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.15
R. Kregždys
ON THE ORIGIN OF THE TOPONYM RAJGRÓD The article focuses on the etymological analysis of the place-name Pol. Rajgród ‘a town in Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship’. It has been stated that the stronghold known as the “Castle Hill” in Rajgród was founded by Yotvingians. Referring to the etymological analysis of the West Germanic forms of the analysed onym and its variants, such as Rongart 1360 etc., the author of the article presents a new hypothesis concerning the origin of Pol. Rajgród. In summing up the research results, one may conclude that the toponym Pol. Rajgród is to be ascribed to adapted place-names of Germanic origin, i. e. (1) CS Раи1253 ← top. *Rain / *Rein (/ *Reyn) ‘a frontier’ ↔ top. MLG †Reyne 1292, 1293, 1489; (2) Raygrod 1244, Reygrod 1429 etc. (↔ Rajgród) ← *Reingarden / *Reingart(h) ‘a frontier area’; (3) Rongart 1360, Rogors 1422 etc. ← sub. MLG ronne(bôm) ‘a border pole, i.e. a frontier, a march’.
{"title":"On the origin of toponym Rajgród","authors":"R. Kregždys","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.15","url":null,"abstract":"ON THE ORIGIN OF THE TOPONYM RAJGRÓD \u0000The article focuses on the etymological analysis of the place-name Pol. Rajgród ‘a town in Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship’. It has been stated that the stronghold known as the “Castle Hill” in Rajgród was founded by Yotvingians. Referring to the etymological analysis of the West Germanic forms of the analysed onym and its variants, such as Rongart 1360 etc., the author of the article presents a new hypothesis concerning the origin of Pol. Rajgród. In summing up the research results, one may conclude that the toponym Pol. Rajgród is to be ascribed to adapted place-names of Germanic origin, i. e. (1) CS Раи1253 ← top. *Rain / *Rein (/ *Reyn) ‘a frontier’ ↔ top. MLG †Reyne 1292, 1293, 1489; (2) Raygrod 1244, Reygrod 1429 etc. (↔ Rajgród) ← *Reingarden / *Reingart(h) ‘a frontier area’; (3) Rongart 1360, Rogors 1422 etc. ← sub. MLG ronne(bôm) ‘a border pole, i.e. a frontier, a march’.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF OLD POLISH LANGUAGE AND GRAMMATICAL ANNOTATION: LEMMATIZATION OF OLD POLISH TEXTS The article is dedicated to grammatical annotation of Old Polish texts. It discusses the problem with the lemmatization of a medieval text. In the Apocrypha tool, a lemma is not the same as the basic form of a word. It is only a dictionary form, or a kind of a label. The author of the article presents the reasons for this decision and the adopted rules for assigning lemmas to different grammatical classes. The article also shows the criteria of the repartition of lemmas. These criteria are the frequency of the basic form in the text or texts, the persistence of the form or the differentiation of meanings. Third person pronouns turned out to be particularly difficult for lemmatization. According to the accepted rules, they have a gender, but do not conjugate with a gender (which forced, for example, the adoption of the masculine lemma ONY). The other examples are forms such as siebie, sobie [self], for which the lemma JA was adopted. The article also describes the issues of determining the lemma boundary when annotating words conjugated with different single morphemes: particles, agglutinants or residual forms of personal pronouns. All of the solutions adopted in the tool and presented in the article aimed at respecting the Old Polish language specific features while facilitating the analysis of the material.
旧波兰语的特殊语言特点与语法注释：旧波兰语文本的词法化 本文致力于旧波兰语文本的语法注释。文章讨论了中世纪文本的词法化问题。在 Apocrypha 工具中，词法并不等同于一个词的基本形式。它只是一种词典形式，或者说是一种标签。文章作者介绍了做出这一决定的原因，以及将外来词分配到不同语法类别所采用的规则。文章还介绍了重新划分外来词的标准。这些标准包括基本形式在文本中出现的频率、形式的持续性或意义的差异性。第三人称代词的词法化尤其困难。根据公认的规则，第三人称代词有性别，但不与性别连用（例如，这迫使我们采用阳性词ONY）。其他例子包括 siebie、sobie [自己]等形式，这些形式采用了 JA 外显词。文章还介绍了在注释由不同的单词素（如微粒、凝集素或人称代词的残余形式）连接的词时如何确定词库边界的问题。该工具中采用的所有解决方案以及文章中介绍的所有解决方案都旨在尊重旧波兰语的具体特征，同时促进对材料的分析。
{"title":"Specyfika staropolszczyzny a anotacja gramatyczna. O lematyzacji tekstu staropolskiego","authors":"Magdalena Wismont, Kinga Zalejarz, Ewa Nowak-Pasterska, Dorota Rojszczak-Robińska","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.11","url":null,"abstract":"SPECIFIC FEATURES OF OLD POLISH LANGUAGE AND GRAMMATICAL ANNOTATION: LEMMATIZATION OF OLD POLISH TEXTS \u0000The article is dedicated to grammatical annotation of Old Polish texts. It discusses the problem with the lemmatization of a medieval text. In the Apocrypha tool, a lemma is not the same as the basic form of a word. It is only a dictionary form, or a kind of a label. The author of the article presents the reasons for this decision and the adopted rules for assigning lemmas to different grammatical classes. The article also shows the criteria of the repartition of lemmas. These criteria are the frequency of the basic form in the text or texts, the persistence of the form or the differentiation of meanings. Third person pronouns turned out to be particularly difficult for lemmatization. According to the accepted rules, they have a gender, but do not conjugate with a gender (which forced, for example, the adoption of the masculine lemma ONY). The other examples are forms such as siebie, sobie [self], for which the lemma JA was adopted. The article also describes the issues of determining the lemma boundary when annotating words conjugated with different single morphemes: particles, agglutinants or residual forms of personal pronouns. All of the solutions adopted in the tool and presented in the article aimed at respecting the Old Polish language specific features while facilitating the analysis of the material.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.06
D. Kruk
A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED LANGUAGE UNITS RELATED TO THE CONCEPT OF SPENDING MONEY The aim of the article is the delimitation and semantic analysis of language units represented in the Polish language by the forms: wykosztować się [spend a lot of money], szarpnąć się [buy something expensive], zrujnować się, spłukać się [spend all one’s money] and szastać [spend money in a reckless manner]. The author distinguishes the relevant language units and carries out their analysis according to the assumptions of reductionist semantics within the structuralist tradition which sets a clear boundary between semantics and pragmatics. The effect of the analysis conducted by the author is the identification of verbal units in the form of [ktośi] [somebody] wykosztował się na [cośj], [ktośi] szarpnął się na [cośj], [ktośi] zrujnował się na [cośj], [ktośi] spłukał się, as well as [ktośi] szasta [czymśj: pieniądze [money]]. The author describes the semantic properties of the distinguished lexemes and formulates explications of the notions assigned to them.
与 "花钱 "概念相关的选定语言单位的语义分析 文章的目的是对波兰语中以下形式所代表的语言单位进行界定和语义分析：wykosztować się[花很多钱]、szarpnąć się[买很贵的东西]、zrujnować się、spłukać się[花光所有的钱]和szastać[乱花钱]。作者区分了相关的语言单位，并根据结构主义传统中还原语义学的假设对其进行了分析，该传统在语义学和语用学之间设定了明确的界限。作者分析的结果是确定了[ktośi] [somebody] wykosztowałę si na [cośj]、[ktośi] szarpnął się na [cośj]、[ktośi] zrujnował się na [cośj]、[ktośi] spłukał się以及[ktośi] szasta [czymśj: pieniądze [money]]等形式的言语单位。作者描述了所区分词素的语义属性，并对赋予它们的概念进行了阐释。
{"title":"Analiza semantyczna wybranych jednostek języka związanych z wydawaniem pieniędzy","authors":"D. Kruk","doi":"10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.06","url":null,"abstract":"A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED LANGUAGE UNITS RELATED TO THE CONCEPT OF SPENDING MONEY \u0000The aim of the article is the delimitation and semantic analysis of language units represented in the Polish language by the forms: wykosztować się [spend a lot of money], szarpnąć się [buy something expensive], zrujnować się, spłukać się [spend all one’s money] and szastać [spend money in a reckless manner]. The author distinguishes the relevant language units and carries out their analysis according to the assumptions of reductionist semantics within the structuralist tradition which sets a clear boundary between semantics and pragmatics. The effect of the analysis conducted by the author is the identification of verbal units in the form of [ktośi] [somebody] wykosztował się na [cośj], [ktośi] szarpnął się na [cośj], [ktośi] zrujnował się na [cośj], [ktośi] spłukał się, as well as [ktośi] szasta [czymśj: pieniądze [money]]. The author describes the semantic properties of the distinguished lexemes and formulates explications of the notions assigned to them.","PeriodicalId":52400,"journal":{"name":"LingVaria","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.02
Izabela Kraśnicka
GESTURAL PHRASEOLOGY – THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE MEANING OF A GESTURE AND THE MEANING OF AN IDIOM The aim of the article is to discuss the relationship between the meaning of a gesture and the meaning of an idiom which is a literal description of this gesture, i. e. the so-called gestural phraseme (e. g. machnąć na coś ręką [literally: wave your hand at something; metaphorically: give up something], zacierać ręce [rub your hands], rozkładać ręce [throw up one’s hands]). Selected examples of gestures and their phraseological equivalents were discussed, also taking into account their meanings created in direct dialogue. This is particularly important because the meaning of many gestures, which are part of human communicative activity, depends on the context, which, in this case, is the speaker’s entire utterance. Moreover, analyzing gestures and idioms in the dialogue allows us to trace possible ways of co-occurring of these two semiotic modes, which, in turn, sheds some light on the functions of nonverbal behaviour in creating the meaning of utterances. Thus, the research material will contain recordings of TV programs which show politicians’ speeches and utterances of other famous people, thanks to which it is possible to watch spontaneous gesticulation accompanying speech. Conclusions from qualitative research tend to distinguish three types of relationships between a gesture and its idiomatic description: a gesture with a phraseological description accompanies an utterance which it can complement semantically; the gesture precedes the statement, announcing its content; the gesture occurs simultaneously with the idiom that describes it.
手势短语学--手势的含义与成语的含义之间的关系 本文旨在讨论手势的含义与成语的含义之间的关系。例如：machnąć na coś ręką[字面意思：向某物挥手；比喻：放弃某物]，zacierać ręce[搓手]，rozkładać ręce[举起双手]）。在讨论手势及其对应短语的精选例子时，还考虑到了它们在直接对话中产生的含义。这一点尤为重要，因为作为人类交际活动的一部分，许多手势的含义取决于语境，在这种情况下，语境就是说话人的整个话语。此外，通过分析对话中的手势和惯用语，我们可以追踪这两种符号模式的可能共存方式，进而揭示非语言行为在创造语篇意义方面的功能。因此，研究材料将包括播放政治家演讲和其他名人讲话的电视节目录音，通过这些录音，我们可以看到伴随着讲话的自发手势。定性研究的结论倾向于将手势与其成语描述之间的关系分为三种类型：带有短语描述的手势伴随着语句，它可以在语义上对语句进行补充；手势先于语句，宣布了语句的内容；手势与描述手势的成语同时出现。
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Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.05
Katarzyna Dróżdż-Łuszczyk
A FEW QUESTIONS ABOUT SAMOTNA MATKA AND SAMODZIELNA MATKA, AND THEIR LEXICOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION The author raises questions about how the terms samotna matka [single mother] and samodzielna matka [independent mother] are accounted for in a lexicographic description, whether they are considered discontinuous units, and what relationships exist between them. The author of the article presents corpus data that allows dating the appearance of the term samotna matka and the collocation samodzielna matka in Polish. The author comments on selected definitions of the adjective samotny (lonely). Then, she presents arguments in favour of recognising the combination samotna matka as a linguistic unit. Similar arguments were presented for the collocation samodzielna matka. The article also addresses issues of differences in valuation associated with the discussed collocations and indicates how a new collocation affects the meaning of the older unit.
关于 samotna matka 和 samodzielna matka 及其词典描述的几个问题 作者提出了在词典描述中如何解释 samotna matka[单身母亲]和 samodzielna matka[独立母亲]这两个术语、是否将它们视为不连续的单位以及它们之间存在何种关系等问题。文章作者提供了语料库数据，这些数据可以追溯波兰语中 samotna matka 和 samodzielna matka 这两个词出现的时间。作者对形容词 samotny（孤独）的部分定义进行了评论。然后，她提出了支持将组合 samotna matka 视为一个语言单位的论据。对于搭配 samodzielna matka 也提出了类似的论据。文章还讨论了与所讨论的搭配相关的评价差异问题，并指出了新的搭配如何影响旧单位的意义。
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Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.12797/lv.19.2024.37.04
Maciej Grochowski
OCCASIONAL USE OF TEMPORAL ADJECTIVES IN POLISH Occasional expressions help in referring the predicate to an extralinguistic object, and they serve as a means of its identification. The author of the article presents semantic descriptions of the following Polish temporal adjectives which express the simultaneity of the action with the speech act, namely aktualny [up-to-date], obecny [present], bieżący [current], dzisiejszy [today’s], teraźniejszy [presentday]. These units can be used occasionally. In this case, they are characterized by several syntactic features. First, they occur only in attribitive positions, never in predicative ones. Second, they cannot be negated. Third, they do not occur with indefinite pronouns. Fourth, they cannot co-occur with metapredicative operators. Fifth, they are not gradable.
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