Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.5.213
Evaristus E Afiadigwe, G. Obasikene, U. Umeh, Joseph U. Obah, Nnanna D. Ukpai, A. Mbanuzuru
Introduction: Traumatic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is a commonly encountered otological condition with consequent hearing impairment and potentials for more grievous complications. We aim to establish the prevalence, sex distribution, laterality and aetiological factors associated with traumatic TM perforation in our locality Materials and Method: This is a 10 Year retrospective study involving patients who were managed for traumatic TM perforations at ENT outpatient clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State. Results: A total of 186 patients were managed for traumatic TM perforation involving 190 ears. The prevalence was 4.9%; 66.1% were males, 33.9% females giving a male to female ratio of 2:1 while age ranges from 1-68 years (mean± SD was 22.23± 15years. Left ear was involved in 54.3% of the cases, right ear in 43.5% and both ears in 2.2%. The commonest cause of traumatic TM perforation was Assaults (58.1%) of various kinds; domestic violence was the commonest, accounting for 22% of all the assault cases followed by assaults from security men (15.1%), then, slap by school teachers, prefects and senior students (10.2%). Mob actions and attacks by Robbers constituted 10.2%. Fifteen percent (15%) of the cases resulted from ear cleaning with cotton bud (10.2%), broom stick (3.2%) and metallic objects (2.2%). Sports related injuries accounted for 2.7% of the cases. Various forms of accidents (8.1%) such as road traffic accidents (1.1%), accidents from work place (3.2%) and fireworks (1.6%) were recorded. Conclusion: The predominance of slap as the major cause of TM perforation resulting from assaults shows how this condition is caused by avoidable circumstances. Every opportunity should be explored to educate the populace on the sequelae of such indiscriminate outburst of anger.
{"title":"Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane in A Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria","authors":"Evaristus E Afiadigwe, G. Obasikene, U. Umeh, Joseph U. Obah, Nnanna D. Ukpai, A. Mbanuzuru","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.5.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.5.213","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Introduction: Traumatic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is a commonly encountered otological condition with consequent hearing impairment and potentials for more grievous complications. We aim to establish the prevalence, sex distribution, laterality and aetiological factors associated with traumatic TM perforation in our locality\u0000\u0000\u0000Materials and Method: This is a 10 Year retrospective study involving patients who were managed for traumatic TM perforations at ENT outpatient clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 186 patients were managed for traumatic TM perforation involving 190 ears. The prevalence was 4.9%; 66.1% were males, 33.9% females giving a male to female ratio of 2:1 while age ranges from 1-68 years (mean± SD was 22.23± 15years. Left ear was involved in 54.3% of the cases, right ear in 43.5% and both ears in 2.2%. The commonest cause of traumatic TM perforation was Assaults (58.1%) of various kinds; domestic violence was the commonest, accounting for 22% of all the assault cases followed by assaults from security men (15.1%), then, slap by school teachers, prefects and senior students (10.2%). Mob actions and attacks by Robbers constituted 10.2%. Fifteen percent (15%) of the cases resulted from ear cleaning with cotton bud (10.2%), broom stick (3.2%) and metallic objects (2.2%). Sports related injuries accounted for 2.7% of the cases. Various forms of accidents (8.1%) such as road traffic accidents (1.1%), accidents from work place (3.2%) and fireworks (1.6%) were recorded.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The predominance of slap as the major cause of TM perforation resulting from assaults shows how this condition is caused by avoidable circumstances. Every opportunity should be explored to educate the populace on the sequelae of such indiscriminate outburst of anger.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91036758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.225
Fernando Marcos Rodríguez, C. Carabajal-Miotti, Susana Graciela Ruiz de Frattari, Adriana Haydee Vargas, N. E. González-Silva, I. Novak
Background: There are a variety of polymorphonuclear neutrophil phenotypes described in different species and health or disease situations. Objective: Study human neutrophil phenotypes generated in vitro. Methods: Heparinized human blood samples were collected with ethical consent. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils purification and autologous cultures was performed. Neutrophil stimulation was performed with LPS, fMLP or OVA. Immunofluorescence was applied. Results: “Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-antigen presenting cell” profile was generated in vitro, expressing CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR molecules. Immunofluorescence analysis show: CD80 expression, significant differences between CTFT control and CTFT fMLP (p<0.05), CTFT control and CTFT OVA (p<0.0001). CD86 expression, significant differences between CTFT control and CTFT fMLP (p<0.05), CTFT control and CTFT LPS (p<0.05), CTFT control and CTFT OVA (p<0.0001). HLA-DR expression, significant differences between CTFT control and CTFT LPS (p<0.05). About “Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-CD4-CD45RO” profile, analysis show: CD4 expression, significant differences between CTFT control and CTFT fMLP (p<0.05). CD45RO expression, no significant differences. “Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-antigen presenting cell” phenotype, released NETs with CD80, CD86 at 30 minutes: paired control samples (7.4%), stimulated with LPS (12.69%), fMLP (16.67%) and OVA (18.47%). HLA-DR expression in NETs, at 30 minutes, in paired control samples (0%), stimulated with LPS (16.17%). At 17 hs, in paired control samples (0%), with OVA stimulation (4.54%). “Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-CD4-CD45RO” phenotype, released NETs expressing CD4 and C45RO molecules. At 30 minutes, in paired control samples (0%), stimulated with LPS (7.67%), fMLP (6.38%) and OVA (0%). Conclusions: Molecules expressed by phenotypes can play a relevant role by influencing cellular microenvironment and can be taken into account as possible therapeutic targets.
{"title":"Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Phenotypes Generated in vitro","authors":"Fernando Marcos Rodríguez, C. Carabajal-Miotti, Susana Graciela Ruiz de Frattari, Adriana Haydee Vargas, N. E. González-Silva, I. Novak","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.225","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: There are a variety of polymorphonuclear neutrophil phenotypes described in different species and health or disease situations. \u0000\u0000\u0000Objective: Study human neutrophil phenotypes generated in vitro. Methods: Heparinized human blood samples were collected with ethical consent. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils purification and autologous cultures was performed. Neutrophil stimulation was performed with LPS, fMLP or OVA. Immunofluorescence was applied. \u0000\u0000\u0000Results: “Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-antigen presenting cell” profile was generated in vitro, expressing CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR molecules. Immunofluorescence analysis show: CD80 expression, significant differences between CTFT control and CTFT fMLP (p<0.05), CTFT control and CTFT OVA (p<0.0001). CD86 expression, significant differences between CTFT control and CTFT fMLP (p<0.05), CTFT control and CTFT LPS (p<0.05), CTFT control and CTFT OVA (p<0.0001). HLA-DR expression, significant differences between CTFT control and CTFT LPS (p<0.05). About “Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-CD4-CD45RO” profile, analysis show: CD4 expression, significant differences between CTFT control and CTFT fMLP (p<0.05). CD45RO expression, no significant differences. “Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-antigen presenting cell” phenotype, released NETs with CD80, CD86 at 30 minutes: paired control samples (7.4%), stimulated with LPS (12.69%), fMLP (16.67%) and OVA (18.47%). HLA-DR expression in NETs, at 30 minutes, in paired control samples (0%), stimulated with LPS (16.17%). At 17 hs, in paired control samples (0%), with OVA stimulation (4.54%). “Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-CD4-CD45RO” phenotype, released NETs expressing CD4 and C45RO molecules. At 30 minutes, in paired control samples (0%), stimulated with LPS (7.67%), fMLP (6.38%) and OVA (0%).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions: Molecules expressed by phenotypes can play a relevant role by influencing cellular microenvironment and can be taken into account as possible therapeutic targets.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91203752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.218
A. Aleke, J. Olisekodiaka, C. Ibeh, E. Agbo, A. Onuegbu, C. Onah, C. Amadi
Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are highly susceptible to job-related and psychological stress. The current study evaluated the physiological reactions to stress and its biochemical correlates which could add objective evidence to a perception of job stress among HCWs. Methodology: This was a prospectively designed cross-sectional study to compare stress markers amongst 84 healthy male HCW in a tertiary hospital. They were recruited from various hospital units and categorized as rated by survey responses using Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaires as follows: (1) based on job demand (JD): high and low JD; (2) based on job control (JC): low and high JC; (3) based on job strain (JS): no and high JS. Stress markers evaluated were salivary cortisol, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), and oxidative stress indices (Malondialdehyde [MDA], Ascorbic Acid, and Total Antioxidant Capacity [TAC]). All laboratory analyses including statistical protocols were carried out according to well-established standard guidelines. Result: Salivary cortisol was higher in low JC than high JC (p=0.003) subgroups while salivary IgA was higher in high JS compared to the no JS (p=0.041) subgroups. Additionally, JC inversely correlated (r= -0.268; p=0.014) with salivary cortisol. However, other biochemical variables did not differ significantly across categorized groups. However, while the medical doctors had higher MDA compared to other HCWs, the radiographers had higher TAC compared to others; this may indicate oxidative stress among these HCWs (p<0.05). Conclusion: From the foregoing, HCWs with high JS are under higher stress with low JC which stimulates the HPA axis as an adaptive mechanism. Hence, efforts to promote low JS with high JC are highly recommended among HCWs for optimal service delivery.
{"title":"Relationship between Salivary Cortisol, Salivary Immunoglobulin A, Serum Oxidative Stress Indices, and Job Stress among Healthcare Workers in A Nigerian Tertiary Hospital","authors":"A. Aleke, J. Olisekodiaka, C. Ibeh, E. Agbo, A. Onuegbu, C. Onah, C. Amadi","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.218","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are highly susceptible to job-related and psychological stress. The current study evaluated the physiological reactions to stress and its biochemical correlates which could add objective evidence to a perception of job stress among HCWs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methodology: This was a prospectively designed cross-sectional study to compare stress markers amongst 84 healthy male HCW in a tertiary hospital. They were recruited from various hospital units and categorized as rated by survey responses using Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaires as follows: (1) based on job demand (JD): high and low JD; (2) based on job control (JC): low and high JC; (3) based on job strain (JS): no and high JS. Stress markers evaluated were salivary cortisol, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), and oxidative stress indices (Malondialdehyde [MDA], Ascorbic Acid, and Total Antioxidant Capacity [TAC]). All laboratory analyses including statistical protocols were carried out according to well-established standard guidelines.\u0000\u0000\u0000Result: Salivary cortisol was higher in low JC than high JC (p=0.003) subgroups while salivary IgA was higher in high JS compared to the no JS (p=0.041) subgroups. Additionally, JC inversely correlated (r= -0.268; p=0.014) with salivary cortisol. However, other biochemical variables did not differ significantly across categorized groups. However, while the medical doctors had higher MDA compared to other HCWs, the radiographers had higher TAC compared to others; this may indicate oxidative stress among these HCWs (p<0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion: From the foregoing, HCWs with high JS are under higher stress with low JC which stimulates the HPA axis as an adaptive mechanism. Hence, efforts to promote low JS with high JC are highly recommended among HCWs for optimal service delivery.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84710173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-23DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.222
A. Edeh, B. Eze, S. Ohayi, C. C. Anekpo, N. Okoloagu, C. Aliozo, C. Soronnadi
Despite the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria, population based studies are scarce. This situation is worse in rural areas where the people are typically poor, not very educated and lack good hospitals. We aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among rural dwellers in Agbani, a semi-urban municipality in South East Nigeria. This was a preliminary, observational, cross-sectional investigation in which 400 adults were recruited using the 5 autonomous communities that make up Agbani as clusters. We randomly selected the initial 80 consenting adults from each village. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS. There were 382 adults studied. There were 170 males and 212 females. The mean age was 59.37 ±15.90 years. Mean Blood Sugar was 135.69±85.94 mg/dl. The prevalence rate for hyperglycemia in this study was 20.14% or 201 persons per 1,000 rural population. There was no statistical difference between the mean blood sugar of males and females and no significant correlation between age and blood sugar.
{"title":"Prevalence of Diabetes among Adults in Agbani South East, Nigeria: A Population Based Study","authors":"A. Edeh, B. Eze, S. Ohayi, C. C. Anekpo, N. Okoloagu, C. Aliozo, C. Soronnadi","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.222","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria, population based studies are scarce. This situation is worse in rural areas where the people are typically poor, not very educated and lack good hospitals. We aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among rural dwellers in Agbani, a semi-urban municipality in South East Nigeria. This was a preliminary, observational, cross-sectional investigation in which 400 adults were recruited using the 5 autonomous communities that make up Agbani as clusters. We randomly selected the initial 80 consenting adults from each village. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS. There were 382 adults studied. There were 170 males and 212 females. The mean age was 59.37 ±15.90 years. Mean Blood Sugar was 135.69±85.94 mg/dl. The prevalence rate for hyperglycemia in this study was 20.14% or 201 persons per 1,000 rural population. There was no statistical difference between the mean blood sugar of males and females and no significant correlation between age and blood sugar.","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75948875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.219
Daniel Sundar Singh, Shailaja Krishnamoorthy, D. Thirumaran, Ektha Promoth Kumar, Harshidha Dharmalingam
Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), also known as Devic disease, is a chronic disorder of the brain and spinal cord dominated by inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and inflammation of the spinal cord (myelitis). We present the case of a 25-year-old female patient who presented with complaints of lower back ache, decreased vision and double vision, generalized body pain, neck pain and vomiting. On examination, Extraocular Movement (EOM) showed right gaze restriction with nystagmus; her serum Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) result was positive; and her MRI showed lesions in the brain. Insight of her presenting illness and investigations, she was successfully treated with IV steroids, plasmapheresis, and immunosuppressive therapy and was neurologically stable. We present this rare case to clinically enlighten the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD.
{"title":"Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (Nmosd): A Rare Report","authors":"Daniel Sundar Singh, Shailaja Krishnamoorthy, D. Thirumaran, Ektha Promoth Kumar, Harshidha Dharmalingam","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.219","url":null,"abstract":"Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), also known as Devic disease, is a chronic disorder of the brain and spinal cord dominated by inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis) and inflammation of the spinal cord (myelitis). We present the case of a 25-year-old female patient who presented with complaints of lower back ache, decreased vision and double vision, generalized body pain, neck pain and vomiting. On examination, Extraocular Movement (EOM) showed right gaze restriction with nystagmus; her serum Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) result was positive; and her MRI showed lesions in the brain. Insight of her presenting illness and investigations, she was successfully treated with IV steroids, plasmapheresis, and immunosuppressive therapy and was neurologically stable. We present this rare case to clinically enlighten the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD.","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79811335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-06DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.217
K. Dubey
Olfactory alteration during common rhinitis component of upper respiratory tract is common observation. Smell changes leads to its own consequences on the human body affecting taste, social interactions and affecting the overall quality of life. Alterations in smell may be qualitative or quantitative and depending on the etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms involve either the conduction part of the olfactory pathway or sensorineural component. Sensorineural component may be peripheral or central. With emergence of corona epidemic researchers are looking for reasons behind changes in smell during COVID-19 infection, so that better management can be planned for the patient involved. This article aims to present summary of pathomechanisms behind the smell changes during known inflammatory, traumatic and tumors of nasal cavity. We tried to summaries information available in literature related to the main factors responsible for olfactory sensation changes during COVID-19 infection and how this is slightly different from other known causes. Author hope that present article will serve as quick and easy reference for revision of pathophysiologic mechanisms for smell changes during various diseases involving the nasal cavity.
{"title":"Smell Changes in COVID-19 and Other Diseases: Summary of Pathophysiology Mechanism","authors":"K. Dubey","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.217","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Olfactory alteration during common rhinitis component of upper respiratory tract is common observation. Smell changes leads to its own consequences on the human body affecting taste, social interactions and affecting the overall quality of life. Alterations in smell may be qualitative or quantitative and depending on the etiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms involve either the conduction part of the olfactory pathway or sensorineural component. Sensorineural component may be peripheral or central. With emergence of corona epidemic researchers are looking for reasons behind changes in smell during COVID-19 infection, so that better management can be planned for the patient involved. This article aims to present summary of pathomechanisms behind the smell changes during known inflammatory, traumatic and tumors of nasal cavity. We tried to summaries information available in literature related to the main factors responsible for olfactory sensation changes during COVID-19 infection and how this is slightly different from other known causes. Author hope that present article will serve as quick and easy reference for revision of pathophysiologic mechanisms for smell changes during various diseases involving the nasal cavity. \u0000","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84719491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.198
Bouabida Djamila, Zelmat Setti Aouicha, Belalaoui Izdihar
The rate of prematurity has increased markedly over the last 20 years. These preterm infants have a high risk of morbidity, especial respiratory, compared to full-term infants. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) has significantly improved the prognosis of this respiratory distress (MMH). The objective: The objective of this work was to study risk factors and management of respiratory pathology in premature newborns at the EHS NOUAR FADELA. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive, mono-centric study including all newborns having recourse to CPAP and managed in a level IIb maternity hospital at the E Nouar Fadela between January 2019 and June 2021. Pearson's Chi-squares were used for statistical testing. A p-value<0.05 represented a statistically significant difference. Results: We recorded 12633 deliveries of which 623 were preterm births representing 4.93% of births. For maternal characteristics: the average age was 29 ±5.57 years. Maternal morbidity was present in 20.9% gravidic hypertension and 11.7% gestational diabetes. Neonatal morbidity was dominated in preterm newborns was respiratory distress in 41.4%. Mechanical ventilation was necessary in 12.6% of cases. The two main causes of respiratory distress were MMH, maternal-fetal infection, respiratory distress, and respiratory failure. Significant risk factors for respiratory distress were gestational age, male sex and pre-labour caesarean birth (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of NIV in newborns with respiratory distress is not negligible. Our results confirm the effectiveness of NIV. It is also essential to limit the use of pre-labour caesarean section to these terms whenever possible.
{"title":"The Interest of Non-Invasive Ventilation in The Management of Respiratory Pathology of Premature Newborns at Ehs Nouar Fadela","authors":"Bouabida Djamila, Zelmat Setti Aouicha, Belalaoui Izdihar","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.198","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of prematurity has increased markedly over the last 20 years. These preterm infants have a high risk of morbidity, especial respiratory, compared to full-term infants. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) has significantly improved the prognosis of this respiratory distress (MMH).\u0000The objective: The objective of this work was to study risk factors and management of respiratory pathology in premature newborns at the EHS NOUAR FADELA.\u0000Patients and methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive, mono-centric study including all newborns having recourse to CPAP and managed in a level IIb maternity hospital at the E Nouar Fadela between January 2019 and June 2021. Pearson's Chi-squares were used for statistical testing. A p-value<0.05 represented a statistically significant difference.\u0000Results: We recorded 12633 deliveries of which 623 were preterm births representing 4.93% of births. For maternal characteristics: the average age was 29 ±5.57 years. Maternal morbidity was present in 20.9% gravidic hypertension and 11.7% gestational diabetes. Neonatal morbidity was dominated in preterm newborns was respiratory distress in 41.4%. Mechanical ventilation was necessary in 12.6% of cases. The two main causes of respiratory distress were MMH, maternal-fetal infection, respiratory distress, and respiratory failure. Significant risk factors for respiratory distress were gestational age, male sex and pre-labour caesarean birth (p<0.05).\u0000Conclusion: The use of NIV in newborns with respiratory distress is not negligible. Our results confirm the effectiveness of NIV. It is also essential to limit the use of pre-labour caesarean section to these terms whenever possible.","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83722898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.201
Bouabida Djamila, Zelmat Setti Aouicha, Belalaoui Izdihar
Intrauterine growth retardation represents the third cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality after prematurity and malformations. This pathology is a real public health problem. Objectives: To determine the epidemiological profile of IUGR newborns, their morbidity and mortality, their immediate fate and to evaluate the correlation between certain maternal parameters and IUGR. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study conducted between January 2012 and January 2014, the results were processed on software 3.5.3 Epi info. Results: We recorded 8114 deliveries including 150 newborn IUGR cases, representing 1.8% of births. For the maternal characteristics: the average age was 31 ±6.7 years. The percentages of pre-eclampsia, gravidic hypertension and chronic hypertension were found respectively in 60%, 31.3% and 4.7% of the pregnant women. Prematurity was noted in 82.1% with an average gestational age of 35.2 ±2.7 years. 86% of the cases were extracted by the high route right away. Neonatal complications were dominated by perinatal asphyxia (5%), hypoglycaemia (4%) and respiratory distress (2%). Conclusion: Efforts remain to be made in terms of screening, prenatal consultations and management of pregnant women with IUGR in order to improve the neonatal prognosis.
{"title":"Intrauterine Vascular Growth Retardation in 150 Cases at Ehs Nouar Fadela: Preliminary Results","authors":"Bouabida Djamila, Zelmat Setti Aouicha, Belalaoui Izdihar","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.201","url":null,"abstract":"Intrauterine growth retardation represents the third cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality after prematurity and malformations. This pathology is a real public health problem.\u0000Objectives: To determine the epidemiological profile of IUGR newborns, their morbidity and mortality, their immediate fate and to evaluate the correlation between certain maternal parameters and IUGR.\u0000Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study conducted between January 2012 and January 2014, the results were processed on software 3.5.3 Epi info.\u0000Results: We recorded 8114 deliveries including 150 newborn IUGR cases, representing 1.8% of births. For the maternal characteristics: the average age was 31 ±6.7 years. The percentages of pre-eclampsia, gravidic hypertension and chronic hypertension were found respectively in 60%, 31.3% and 4.7% of the pregnant women. Prematurity was noted in 82.1% with an average gestational age of 35.2 ±2.7 years. 86% of the cases were extracted by the high route right away. Neonatal complications were dominated by perinatal asphyxia (5%), hypoglycaemia (4%) and respiratory distress (2%).\u0000Conclusion: Efforts remain to be made in terms of screening, prenatal consultations and management of pregnant women with IUGR in order to improve the neonatal prognosis.","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76657773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.199
Bouabida Djamila, Zelmat Setti Aouicha, Belalaoui Izdihar
Introduction: Dehydration (DSH) in newborns can have potentially fatal consequences such as cerebral oedema, intracranial haemorrhage, subdural haematoma, hydrocephalus and gangrene. In light of the increasing number of newborns with dehydration, there is a strong need to increase awareness and raise suspicion in the diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition. Objective: To describe dehydration in the newborn, its complications and the method of appropriate management. Patients and method: Retrospective descriptive and analytical study, from January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2021. Study population: We included all newborns and infants aged 0 to 30 days, hospitalized during the period with clinical and biological signs of dehydration. Hypernatremia was defined by a natremia ≥ 150 mmol/L. Data were collected in Excel and analysed using R 3.5.0 software. Conclusion: Neonatal dehydration is not as rare as is commonly believed. Feeding difficulties in newborns may result in inadequate secretion of sodium into the breast milk. Monitoring the mother and newborn in the first week of life for successful establishment of breastfeeding is essential. In an otherwise healthy newborn, poor feeding and weight loss may be a reason to suspect hypernatremia. Neonatal hypernatremia due to breast milk hypernatremia is now a well-established entity and should be sought in all newborns with hypernatremia. There is no reason to stop breastfeeding even if the sodium level in the breast milk is high as it decreases over time. Breastfeeding is still extremely beneficial for the baby and should be strongly recommended.
{"title":"Dehydration in Newborns Admitted to Intensive Care for Ehs Nouar Fadela","authors":"Bouabida Djamila, Zelmat Setti Aouicha, Belalaoui Izdihar","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.199","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Introduction: Dehydration (DSH) in newborns can have potentially fatal consequences such as cerebral oedema, intracranial haemorrhage, subdural haematoma, hydrocephalus and gangrene. In light of the increasing number of newborns with dehydration, there is a strong need to increase awareness and raise suspicion in the diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition. \u0000\u0000\u0000Objective: To describe dehydration in the newborn, its complications and the method of appropriate management. \u0000\u0000\u0000Patients and method: Retrospective descriptive and analytical study, from January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2021.\u0000\u0000\u0000Study population: We included all newborns and infants aged 0 to 30 days, hospitalized during the period with clinical and biological signs of dehydration. Hypernatremia was defined by a natremia ≥ 150 mmol/L. Data were collected in Excel and analysed using R 3.5.0 software.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Neonatal dehydration is not as rare as is commonly believed. Feeding difficulties in newborns may result in inadequate secretion of sodium into the breast milk. Monitoring the mother and newborn in the first week of life for successful establishment of breastfeeding is essential. In an otherwise healthy newborn, poor feeding and weight loss may be a reason to suspect hypernatremia. Neonatal hypernatremia due to breast milk hypernatremia is now a well-established entity and should be sought in all newborns with hypernatremia. There is no reason to stop breastfeeding even if the sodium level in the breast milk is high as it decreases over time. Breastfeeding is still extremely beneficial for the baby and should be strongly recommended.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73734794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.184
Edith Anguh, N. Tendongfor, E. Achidi
One approach to the control of schistosomiasis recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is for endemic countries to integrate schistosomiasis control measures into their primary health care (PHC) services. Assessment of their capacity to accommodate such control measures is of utmost importance. This study had as objectives to assess the capacity of the PHC system in the Tiko Health District to diagnose schistosomiasis and to evaluate health care workers’ perspectives of potential challenges to schistosomiasis control in the district. A total of 13 primary healthcare facilities were randomly selected and their laboratory records on schistosomiasis diagnosis were evaluated for quality (availability, documentation of key aspects and presentation), diagnostic methods used and parameters recorded (egg counts, haematuria). At each institution, more than 60% of health personnel participated in a survey in which a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 170 healthcare workers working at various stations (laboratory, pharmacy, nurses, out-patient section) were interviewed. Out of the 13 health institutions, only 8(61.5%) had any data on diagnosis of the disease and used the sedimentation technique for diagnosis. One institution used the Syringe Filtration Technique (7.7%) in the diagnosis of S. haematobium and recorded the presence or absence of haematuria. No institution recorded key parameters like egg count for any patient. Five (38.5%) of the institutions, found mainly in the suburbs, had no laboratory services. Most of the healthcare workers (46.5%) were of the opinion that lack of knowledge of the disease is a major setback in the implementation of control. With respect to the different professions, it was observed that amongst the medical doctors (83.3%) and nurses (58.2%) this opinion was more popular. Pharmacy technicians (67.7%) and community directed distributors (52.2%) cited the poor sanitary conditions of homesteads as the greatest challenge in the implementation of any form of control. The primary healthcare system of the Tiko Health District lacks the capacity to accommodate control measures; all the hospital laboratories fall short of WHO recommendations for diagnosis of the disease. The control of schistosomiasis in this health district is likely to be hampered by several factors ranging from poor sanitation, poor knowledge of the diseases, lack of commitment of stakeholders and poor diagnostic techniques and reporting methods.
{"title":"Prevalence, Primary Health Care Diagnosis, and Challenges Encountered by Health Care Workers in the Control of Schistosomiasis, in the Tiko Health District, South Western Cameroon","authors":"Edith Anguh, N. Tendongfor, E. Achidi","doi":"10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/clinicmed.2022.3.4.184","url":null,"abstract":"One approach to the control of schistosomiasis recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is for endemic countries to integrate schistosomiasis control measures into their primary health care (PHC) services. Assessment of their capacity to accommodate such control measures is of utmost importance. This study had as objectives to assess the capacity of the PHC system in the Tiko Health District to diagnose schistosomiasis and to evaluate health care workers’ perspectives of potential challenges to schistosomiasis control in the district. A total of 13 primary healthcare facilities were randomly selected and their laboratory records on schistosomiasis diagnosis were evaluated for quality (availability, documentation of key aspects and presentation), diagnostic methods used and parameters recorded (egg counts, haematuria). At each institution, more than 60% of health personnel participated in a survey in which a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 170 healthcare workers working at various stations (laboratory, pharmacy, nurses, out-patient section) were interviewed. Out of the 13 health institutions, only 8(61.5%) had any data on diagnosis of the disease and used the sedimentation technique for diagnosis. One institution used the Syringe Filtration Technique (7.7%) in the diagnosis of S. haematobium and recorded the presence or absence of haematuria. No institution recorded key parameters like egg count for any patient. Five (38.5%) of the institutions, found mainly in the suburbs, had no laboratory services. Most of the healthcare workers (46.5%) were of the opinion that lack of knowledge of the disease is a major setback in the implementation of control. With respect to the different professions, it was observed that amongst the medical doctors (83.3%) and nurses (58.2%) this opinion was more popular. Pharmacy technicians (67.7%) and community directed distributors (52.2%) cited the poor sanitary conditions of homesteads as the greatest challenge in the implementation of any form of control. The primary healthcare system of the Tiko Health District lacks the capacity to accommodate control measures; all the hospital laboratories fall short of WHO recommendations for diagnosis of the disease. The control of schistosomiasis in this health district is likely to be hampered by several factors ranging from poor sanitation, poor knowledge of the diseases, lack of commitment of stakeholders and poor diagnostic techniques and reporting methods.","PeriodicalId":52409,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79253075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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