Abstract:This paper approaches Romany memory culture through life stories and is based on results and conceptualizations from the study of biographical narratives and life experiences obtained within various ethnic and cultural settings in Latvia. It explores how the experience of living under different political regimes is conveyed in communicative memory through collected life stories of Roma people. Many studies point out the apparent indifference to history in Roma communities. Roma people do not seek to emphasize their distinct identity, and their history is not fixed in artefacts such as monuments and national narratives. Analysis of Romany life stories allows the perception of relationship between the status of a given group in society, Gypsies' historical experience, and their neglect of the past.
{"title":"A community without history? A life story approach to Romany memory and ethnicity","authors":"E. Šūpulis","doi":"10.3828/RS.2019.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2019.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper approaches Romany memory culture through life stories and is based on results and conceptualizations from the study of biographical narratives and life experiences obtained within various ethnic and cultural settings in Latvia. It explores how the experience of living under different political regimes is conveyed in communicative memory through collected life stories of Roma people. Many studies point out the apparent indifference to history in Roma communities. Roma people do not seek to emphasize their distinct identity, and their history is not fixed in artefacts such as monuments and national narratives. Analysis of Romany life stories allows the perception of relationship between the status of a given group in society, Gypsies' historical experience, and their neglect of the past.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42365751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Krystian Barzykowski, H. Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Magdalena Kosno, Daniel Dzida
Abstract:This comparative article examines the cognitive and linguistic functioning of Roma children attending both mainstream and special primary schools in Poland. Although many studies have investigated the segregation of Romani children in education, only a few of these have used psychological diagnostic tests as a source of information about Roma children. Our research addresses this gap and is an attempt to provide answers about the current situation of Romani children in both special and mainstream schools in Poland. A mixed-method research design was employed and two studies were conducted. In the first study, 77 Roma children were tested using Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) and two language competence tests: a Pictorial Vocabulary Test – Understanding (receptive vocabulary) and a Pictorial Vocabulary Test (expressive vocabulary). In the second study, we interviewed 54 Roma parents and school personnel. The results of Study 1 show that among Roma children previously diagnosed with a mental disability, RPM results revealed that 19 percent were in fact of average intellectual ability, 52 percent were below average (9 percent borderline), and only 29 percent had a mild disability. The possible reasons for this were analysed in Study 2. Based on semi-structured interviews, the social context of Roma children's education is presented. Finally, we discuss the situation of Roma children in the Polish education system and make recommendations for modifications to current practice.
{"title":"Discrimination or not? Romani children in Polish special schools and diagnoses of intellectual disability","authors":"Joanna Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Krystian Barzykowski, H. Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Magdalena Kosno, Daniel Dzida","doi":"10.3828/RS.2019.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2019.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This comparative article examines the cognitive and linguistic functioning of Roma children attending both mainstream and special primary schools in Poland. Although many studies have investigated the segregation of Romani children in education, only a few of these have used psychological diagnostic tests as a source of information about Roma children. Our research addresses this gap and is an attempt to provide answers about the current situation of Romani children in both special and mainstream schools in Poland. A mixed-method research design was employed and two studies were conducted. In the first study, 77 Roma children were tested using Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM) and two language competence tests: a Pictorial Vocabulary Test – Understanding (receptive vocabulary) and a Pictorial Vocabulary Test (expressive vocabulary). In the second study, we interviewed 54 Roma parents and school personnel. The results of Study 1 show that among Roma children previously diagnosed with a mental disability, RPM results revealed that 19 percent were in fact of average intellectual ability, 52 percent were below average (9 percent borderline), and only 29 percent had a mild disability. The possible reasons for this were analysed in Study 2. Based on semi-structured interviews, the social context of Roma children's education is presented. Finally, we discuss the situation of Roma children in the Polish education system and make recommendations for modifications to current practice.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43087994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This study is an invitation to concentrate on the social and cultural dimensions of Golestan quarter for an understanding of the situation, and to take advantage of that to organize and solve the problems of the neighbourhood in the urban fabric of Sabzevar. This is a narrative research conducted with the participation of six inhabitants of the Golestan quarter in Sabzevar. The results show that given the gap which exists between the inhabitants of Golestan quarter and other people in the city, the concept of social identity is one of the most important components which should be investigated in order to understand the Golestan people. In this regard, from the past to the present, identification procedures of Golestan inhabitants can be classified in terms of pre-modern and modern processes. Today, Golestanis are in transition mode towards obtaining a modern identity. Understanding the nature, objectives, and strategies of these processes seem necessary for any planning for this neighbourhood.
{"title":"The social construction of identity in the Golestan quarter of Sabzevar: Narrative research of challenges and identity of the Ghorbat community","authors":"H. Ghodrati, Mosareza Gharbi","doi":"10.3828/RS.2019.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2019.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study is an invitation to concentrate on the social and cultural dimensions of Golestan quarter for an understanding of the situation, and to take advantage of that to organize and solve the problems of the neighbourhood in the urban fabric of Sabzevar. This is a narrative research conducted with the participation of six inhabitants of the Golestan quarter in Sabzevar. The results show that given the gap which exists between the inhabitants of Golestan quarter and other people in the city, the concept of social identity is one of the most important components which should be investigated in order to understand the Golestan people. In this regard, from the past to the present, identification procedures of Golestan inhabitants can be classified in terms of pre-modern and modern processes. Today, Golestanis are in transition mode towards obtaining a modern identity. Understanding the nature, objectives, and strategies of these processes seem necessary for any planning for this neighbourhood.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41522658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The aim of this paper is to explore the uncertain whiteness of Britain's Romany Gypsies. Their "white, but not quite" status means that Romany Gypsies are simultaneously accepted and rejected from the category of "white British." This paper will focus on the many ways in which Romany Gypsies become identifiable as "white others" despite being phenotypically unmarked by race. It seeks to understand the impact of whiteness upon Romany Gypsy claims to minorityhood, in relation to multiculturalism and antiracism, by exploring their competing claims to sameness and difference with white Britons. The paper will argue that whiteness renders Britain's Romany Gypsies an invisible minority who, by nature of their skin colour, often go unrecognized in narratives of racial and ethnic discrimination.
{"title":"An invisible minority: Romany Gypsies and the question of whiteness","authors":"Emily Webb","doi":"10.3828/RS.2019.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2019.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The aim of this paper is to explore the uncertain whiteness of Britain's Romany Gypsies. Their \"white, but not quite\" status means that Romany Gypsies are simultaneously accepted and rejected from the category of \"white British.\" This paper will focus on the many ways in which Romany Gypsies become identifiable as \"white others\" despite being phenotypically unmarked by race. It seeks to understand the impact of whiteness upon Romany Gypsy claims to minorityhood, in relation to multiculturalism and antiracism, by exploring their competing claims to sameness and difference with white Britons. The paper will argue that whiteness renders Britain's Romany Gypsies an invisible minority who, by nature of their skin colour, often go unrecognized in narratives of racial and ethnic discrimination.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45883446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This research aims to investigate the innovative use of the subject clitic pronouns lo, la, le in attributive predications, e.g. O xabe lašo lo "The dinner is good," in Romani spoken in the State of Veracruz, Mexico. The analysis of a 15-hour conversational corpus in Romani shows that the Romani copula si is used in variation with the subject clitic pronouns in l-in third person, affirmative clauses. In addition, 60 Romani-Spanish bilinguals from Veracruz responded to a contextualized copula choice task. Generalized linear mixed effect models were constructed to analyse the results. The analysis shows that the clitics are extremely dynamic in third person affirmative sentences and further reveals the linguistic variables that determine their use.
摘要：本研究旨在调查主格群代词lo，la，le在定语从句中的创新用法，例如墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州使用的罗姆语中的O xabe lašO lo“the dinner is good”。对一个15小时的罗马尼语会话语料库的分析表明，在第三人称肯定从句中，罗马尼语系词si与主格-集团代词发生了变化。此外，来自韦拉克鲁斯州的60名罗姆-西班牙语双语者对语境化的系词选择任务做出了回应。建立了广义线性混合效应模型对结果进行分析。分析表明，在第三人称肯定句中，助词是极其动态的，并进一步揭示了决定助词使用的语言变量。
{"title":"Variation between the copula si \"to be\" and the l-clitics in Romani spoken in Mexico","authors":"Cristian Padure, S. Pascale, Evangelia Adamou","doi":"10.3828/RS.2018.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2018.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This research aims to investigate the innovative use of the subject clitic pronouns lo, la, le in attributive predications, e.g. O xabe lašo lo \"The dinner is good,\" in Romani spoken in the State of Veracruz, Mexico. The analysis of a 15-hour conversational corpus in Romani shows that the Romani copula si is used in variation with the subject clitic pronouns in l-in third person, affirmative clauses. In addition, 60 Romani-Spanish bilinguals from Veracruz responded to a contextualized copula choice task. Generalized linear mixed effect models were constructed to analyse the results. The analysis shows that the clitics are extremely dynamic in third person affirmative sentences and further reveals the linguistic variables that determine their use.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49572150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The term teneke mahalle, literally "tin can neighbourhood," has been widely used since the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 to describe a specific kind of urban fabrication, possibly poor and physically dilapidated, but also the sole, cheapest, and undoubtedly creative solution for the urgent housing needs of the poorest segments of the urban population. Even though these neighbourhoods were initially built at least partly by Muslim refugees, the Roma Mohadjirs, teneke mahalles also welcomed other poor members of society seeking informal, easily accessible, and safe housing in late Ottoman Istanbul. This study discusses the role of the Roma in the formation of teneke mahalles, and the socio-historical dynamics that directed the non-Roma poor to co-inhabitation with Roma in these teneke mahalles, and outlines their socio-economic and cultural profile from various respects on the basis of the two oldest examples of this socio-spatial and perceptual phenomenon in Istanbul.
{"title":"Teneke mahalles in the late Ottoman capital: A socio-spatial ground for the co-inhabitation of Roma immigrants and the local poor","authors":"Egemen Yılgür","doi":"10.3828/RS.2018.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2018.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The term teneke mahalle, literally \"tin can neighbourhood,\" has been widely used since the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 to describe a specific kind of urban fabrication, possibly poor and physically dilapidated, but also the sole, cheapest, and undoubtedly creative solution for the urgent housing needs of the poorest segments of the urban population. Even though these neighbourhoods were initially built at least partly by Muslim refugees, the Roma Mohadjirs, teneke mahalles also welcomed other poor members of society seeking informal, easily accessible, and safe housing in late Ottoman Istanbul. This study discusses the role of the Roma in the formation of teneke mahalles, and the socio-historical dynamics that directed the non-Roma poor to co-inhabitation with Roma in these teneke mahalles, and outlines their socio-economic and cultural profile from various respects on the basis of the two oldest examples of this socio-spatial and perceptual phenomenon in Istanbul.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3828/RS.2018.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Based on extended fieldwork among Finnish Kaale, this article focuses on the experience of belonging among individuals who do not fit within narrow cultural or ethnic categories, and who regularly navigate between their diverse and often multiple attachments: people born into mixed marriages (of Roma and non-Roma partnerships), women who chose to abandon elements of what are considered central proofs of their community belonging (dress, customs, age/gender hierarchy) or individuals who grew up detached from the central unit of solidarity (the family). Some of the contradictions these individuals embody, and the continuous crossing of invisible boundaries, highlight not only the complexity of "group belonging," but the struggles that lie within attempts of attachment to others. This article, therefore, adds to previous discussions of a so-called "Roma identity" (or identities) and goes beyond arguments of cultural distinctiveness or marginalization, aiming to highlight the ways in which individuals themselves continuously assess processes of categorization and self-categorization.
{"title":"\"Neither here, nor there\": Belonging, ambiguity, and the struggle for recognition among \"in-between\" Finnish Kaale","authors":"R. Roman","doi":"10.3828/RS.2018.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2018.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Based on extended fieldwork among Finnish Kaale, this article focuses on the experience of belonging among individuals who do not fit within narrow cultural or ethnic categories, and who regularly navigate between their diverse and often multiple attachments: people born into mixed marriages (of Roma and non-Roma partnerships), women who chose to abandon elements of what are considered central proofs of their community belonging (dress, customs, age/gender hierarchy) or individuals who grew up detached from the central unit of solidarity (the family). Some of the contradictions these individuals embody, and the continuous crossing of invisible boundaries, highlight not only the complexity of \"group belonging,\" but the struggles that lie within attempts of attachment to others. This article, therefore, adds to previous discussions of a so-called \"Roma identity\" (or identities) and goes beyond arguments of cultural distinctiveness or marginalization, aiming to highlight the ways in which individuals themselves continuously assess processes of categorization and self-categorization.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The article analyses Violet Cannon's collaborative life story, Gypsy princess: The true story of a Romany childhood (2011) from various positions that Cannon takes up in relation to dubious paratextual representations: a much-critiqued popular television series, the group(s) that she belongs to, marriage and divorce, and family and friends. Cannon deconstructs generalizations about Romanies/Gypsies/Travellers and various forms of representation by using non-dichotomous arguments, and provides insights into various nuances and variances in gender relations, including constellations of gender support systems. An analysis of the paratextual threshold reveals a continuum of historical and more contemporary connections and disconnections to the life story content, including a suggested counter-discourse formed between Cannon and her co-author that deconstructs static and stereotyped views of Romani/Gypsy/Traveller women.
{"title":"Intersecting stories and gender support systems in Violet Cannon's Gypsy princess: The true story of a Romany childhood","authors":"M. Shaw","doi":"10.3828/RS.2018.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/RS.2018.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The article analyses Violet Cannon's collaborative life story, Gypsy princess: The true story of a Romany childhood (2011) from various positions that Cannon takes up in relation to dubious paratextual representations: a much-critiqued popular television series, the group(s) that she belongs to, marriage and divorce, and family and friends. Cannon deconstructs generalizations about Romanies/Gypsies/Travellers and various forms of representation by using non-dichotomous arguments, and provides insights into various nuances and variances in gender relations, including constellations of gender support systems. An analysis of the paratextual threshold reveals a continuum of historical and more contemporary connections and disconnections to the life story content, including a suggested counter-discourse formed between Cannon and her co-author that deconstructs static and stereotyped views of Romani/Gypsy/Traveller women.","PeriodicalId":52533,"journal":{"name":"Romani Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46266621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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