Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics最新文献

Polyamide 12 (PA12) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic used in the automotive and aerospace industries due to its high resistance to chemicals and abrasion and its good thermal stability. The material can be processed with various manufacturing technologies, including selective laser sintering (SLS), which offers great potential for industrial production due to its excellent and reproducible mechanical properties and thus motivates a detailed understanding of the mechanical behavior. This paper presents an approach for modeling the mechanical behavior of selectively laser-sintered polyamide 12. A continuum mechanical model is developed based on a comprehensive temperature and velocity-controlled experimental program, and its parameters are identified. After presenting the test specimens developed in-house, which utilized the geometric freedom of the SLS process, the kinematic description of the test specimens and the digital image correlation technique used for this purpose are discussed. The experimental test results are then presented, which consist of relaxation tests and experiments with a constant strain rate at various temperatures. After the two material-theoretical approaches of linear viscoelasticity and endochronic plasticity have been presented, the material model is derived in three dimensions, and the parameters are identified.

This research investigates the scattering behavior of Love waves, also known as Q waves in seismology, induced by an interface crack between an orthotropic elastic layer and an isotropic elastic half-space where the orthotropic layer serves as a wave guide medium. The Dispersion relation and phase velocity have been obtained by using convenient boundary conditions for the Love wave propagation. Using the method of Fourier transform and integral equation, the study derives the conditions governing wave propagation and scattering phenomena in the interfaced medium. The expression of the most important fracture quantities, such as dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) and crack opening displacement (COD) have been obtained and demonstrated graphically. Results demonstrate the dependence of scattering characteristics on the material properties, crack dimensions, layer height and wave frequencies. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of Love wave propagation in composite materials, with implications for non-destructive testing and evaluation of structural integrity in engineering applications.

The dimensions of seismic metamaterials pose limitations that make attenuating ultra-low frequency seismic surface waves (with a starting frequency near 0 Hz) in confined spaces through structural design a significant challenge. This paper introduces a locally resonant seismic metamaterial (SM) characterized by an ultra-low frequency wide bandgap, created by placing a nylon barrier embedded with steel oscillators between two steel plates. The bandgap is calculated using dispersion analysis and phononic crystals method, delineating the attenuation range of the seismic metamaterial. Parameter analysis results show that greater oscillator mass, thinner nylon barrier thickness, and higher external barrier height favor broader bandgap width and reduced bandgap frequency. By introducing the concept of multiple oscillators and “uniform and gradient,” the isolation performance of the SM is significantly enhanced, while the impact of the Fano-like phenomenon on attenuation is simultaneously reduced. This indicates that multi-oscillator and “uniform and gradient” are ideal solutions for opening ultra-low frequency bandgaps. Finally, the dynamic response of the SM is clarified through time-domain analysis, further validating the effectiveness of the research. We hope that this study can promote the engineering application of common building materials in the shielding of deep subwave length frequency seismic waves.

We develop a theory for thermal convection in a double porosity material of Brinkman–Forchheimer type when there is a single temperature. The saturating fluid is one of Kelvin–Voigt type, and the equation for the temperature is one due to C.I. Christov. It is shown that the global nonlinear stability threshold coincides with the linear stability one. A thoroughly analytical discussion of both linear instability analysis and global nonlinear energy stability is provided. Numerical results show that the relative permeability and Brinkman viscosity between the macro and micro pores are key parameters which play a dominant role in determining the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convective motions.

This paper concerns the general axisymmetric problem in plasticity in conjunction with the hypothesis of Haar and von Karman for calculating stress fields. No other restriction is imposed on the yield criterion. The stress equations comprising the yield criterion and the equilibrium equations without body forces are statically determined in the sense that there are four equations involving only the four components of stress. Therefore, the result of the present paper is independent of the plastic flow rule. It is also immaterial whether elastic strains are included. It is shown that the problem above reduces to a purely geometric problem of determining an orthogonal coordinate system whose scale factors satisfy a parametric equation. Any orthogonal net satisfying this equation determines a net of principal stress trajectories giving a solution to the stress equations. The general method applies to finding the specific equations for several widely used yield criteria. Characteristic analysis of the equations that describe the mapping between the principal line coordinate system and a cylindrical coordinate system is performed. A numerical scheme based on the method of characteristics is developed and employed for calculating the stress field near a rotational ellipsoid whose surface is traction-free.

The paper deals with the derivation of asymptotically correct equations governing the long-wave bending response of a rectangular ultrathin elastic isotropic plate taking into account surface effects within the framework of the Gurtin-Murdoch theory of surface elasticity. The upper and lower faces are assumed to be pre-stressed by residual surface stresses which can be either tensile or compressive. The original 3D equations of elasticity are split into equations corresponding to the in-plane boundary layer and equations predicting out-of-plane bending deformation. By performing asymptotic integration through the thickness of the 3D equations associated with bending deformations and satisfying the balance equations on both faces, we derive asymptotically correct relations for displacements and stresses, as well as a new Timoshenko-type equation capturing surface stresses and inertia. A comparative analysis of the derived governing equation with similar available equations based on kinematic hypotheses revealed significant differences in the effective bending stiffness and factors of the inertia term. As examples, we studied free low-frequency vibrations and self-buckling of a square nanoplates made of different materials and compared effects of residual stresses on the natural frequencies and the critical value of the plate side using the novel model and the models relying on hypotheses for the normal component of the stress tensor.

This paper offers an informal instructive introduction to some of the main notions of geometric continuum mechanics for the case of smooth fields. We use a metric invariant stress theory of continuum mechanics to formulate a simple generalization of the fields of electrodynamics and Maxwell’s equations to general differentiable manifolds of any dimension, thus viewing generalized electrodynamics as a special case of continuum mechanics. The basic kinematic variable is the potential, which is represented as a p-form in an n-dimensional spacetime. The stress for the case of generalized electrodynamics is assumed to be represented by an ((n-p-1))-form, a generalization of the Maxwell 2-form.

A novel variational model is proposed to address design control for composite multilayered metamaterials self-assembled via vapor deposition. The model is formulated within the framework of continuum mechanics, with the reference configuration corresponding to the equilibrium lattice of the substrate material. To account for the potential mismatch with the free-standing equilibrium lattices of each layer’s material, following the literature on Stress-Driven Rearrangement Instabilities, a nonzero mismatch strain varying across layers is considered. Moreover, building on the results of [47], the model allows for the treatment of the interplay between coherent and incoherent regions, which can coexist at each interlayer interface, as both elastic and surface effects—and their competition—are taken into account. The surface of each film layer is assumed to satisfy the“exterior graph condition” introduced in [47], which allows bulk cracks to be of non-graph type. By applying the direct method of calculus of variations under a constraint on the number of connected components of the cracks that are not connected to the surface of the film layers, the existence of energy minimizers is established in two dimensions. As a byproduct of the analysis, advancements are also made in the state of the art in the variational modeling of single-layered films by allowing the substrate surface to be free and including the possibility of delamination from the substrate.

This article examined the thermoelastic behavior of functionally graded (FG) materials using a partially modified thermoelastic heat transfer model. The model utilized the three-phase lag thermoelasticity theory and incorporated higher-order fractional derivatives of Caputo and Fabrizio to address advanced thermodynamic and mechanical properties. These improvements showed great potential for applications in engineering fields such as aerospace, pressure vessel design, and structural engineering. The study applied the proposed model to analyze a thermoelastic problem involving an infinite FG medium with a cylindrical cavity subjected to thermal shock. The medium’s radially varying thermal and mechanical properties, characteristic of FG materials, played a central role in the analysis. The results revealed that the gradient coefficient and fractional derivative coefficient significantly affected the distribution of physical fields within the medium. Adjusting these parameters optimized the thermoelastic response, enabling tailored performance to meet specific engineering requirements.

The article analyzes the impact of contact conduction on the intensity of heat flow in a bundle of steel round bars. This issue is related to the optimization of the heat treatment of the bars, as contact conduction is a key mechanism in the heating process of the considered charge. A proprietary computational model, based on the analysis of thermal resistances, was used for the analysis. To quantify heat flow intensity in the bar bundle, the concept of effective thermal conductivity was utilized. The impact of contact conduction on the phenomenon under consideration was expressed using a parameter called the multiplication of effective thermal conductivity (({M}_{ ETC})), defined by Eq. (36). Calculations were conducted across a temperature range of 25–800 °C, considering variables such as bar diameters (10, 20, and 30 mm), bundle porosity, and type of gas (air and hydrogen). Results indicate that temperature has the greatest influence on the course of the analyzed phenomenon, as this parameter increases, the influence of contact conduction decreases rapidly. Across the entire temperature range, contact conduction increases heat transfer intensity by approximately: four times (for air) and twice (for hydrogen).