The design of safety-critical cyber–physical systems requires a rigorous check of their operation logic, as well as an analysis of their overall instrumentation and control (I&C) architectures. In this article, we focus on the latter and use formal verification methods to reason about the correctness of an I&C architecture represented with an ontology, using the example of a nuclear power plant design. A safe nuclear power plant must comply with the defense-in-depth principle, which introduces constraints on the physical and functional components of the I&C systems it consists of. This work presents a method for designing nonfunctional requirements using function block diagrams, its definition using logical programming, and demonstrates its implementation in a graphical tool, FBQL. The tool takes as input an ontology representing the I&C architecture to be checked and allows visual design of complex nonfunctional requirements as well as explanation of the results of the checks.
{"title":"Formal Verification of Nonfunctional Requirements of Overall Instrumentation and Control Architectures","authors":"Polina Ovsiannikova;Antti Pakonen;Dmitry Muromsky;Maksim Kobzev;Viktor Dubinin;Valeriy Vyatkin","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3413568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3413568","url":null,"abstract":"The design of safety-critical cyber–physical systems requires a rigorous check of their operation logic, as well as an analysis of their overall instrumentation and control (I&C) architectures. In this article, we focus on the latter and use formal verification methods to reason about the correctness of an I&C architecture represented with an ontology, using the example of a nuclear power plant design. A safe nuclear power plant must comply with the defense-in-depth principle, which introduces constraints on the physical and functional components of the I&C systems it consists of. This work presents a method for designing nonfunctional requirements using function block diagrams, its definition using logical programming, and demonstrates its implementation in a graphical tool, FBQL. The tool takes as input an ontology representing the I&C architecture to be checked and allows visual design of complex nonfunctional requirements as well as explanation of the results of the checks.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"616-631"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10555152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2024.3412222
Stamatis Karnouskos
The rise of artificial intelligence, particularly the emergence of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, continuously reveals numerous advantages across various domains. However, the area of project management has not yet been sufficiently explored. This study fills the research gap by conducting an empirical evaluation of three well-known LLMs: OpenAI's ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4, as well as Google's Bard. The evaluation involves subjecting these LLMs to tests designed to prepare professionals for project management certification by the Project Management Institute. The findings cast a positive light on all three LLMs, with each model achieving scores exceeding 82%. Key insights acquired include: LLMs demonstrate the ability to effectively answer project management certification exam questions; LLMs and project managers should be viewed as a dynamic and complementary partnership; and project management certification should evolve to include an assessment of how project managers collaborate with LLMs to enhance project management.
{"title":"The Relevance of Large Language Models for Project Management","authors":"Stamatis Karnouskos","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3412222","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3412222","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of artificial intelligence, particularly the emergence of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, continuously reveals numerous advantages across various domains. However, the area of project management has not yet been sufficiently explored. This study fills the research gap by conducting an empirical evaluation of three well-known LLMs: OpenAI's ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4, as well as Google's Bard. The evaluation involves subjecting these LLMs to tests designed to prepare professionals for project management certification by the Project Management Institute. The findings cast a positive light on all three LLMs, with each model achieving scores exceeding 82%. Key insights acquired include: LLMs demonstrate the ability to effectively answer project management certification exam questions; LLMs and project managers should be viewed as a dynamic and complementary partnership; and project management certification should evolve to include an assessment of how project managers collaborate with LLMs to enhance project management.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"758-768"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10553643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2024.3412809
Tianci Wang;Zaixin Song;Hao Wen;Chunhua Liu
Locomotion disorder caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a considerably decreased quality of people's lives. Although there are no known cure methods for SCI, a lower extremity exoskeleton (LEE) has a perspective to restore the locomotion ability of SCI patients. Statistics show that the number of published articles on LEEs has exponentially increased over the past 20 years; however, no reviews have been conducted to summarize these studies comprehensively. To fill up this open gap, a comprehensive review from engineering to clinical standpoint is carried out, which is based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses’ methods, including their structural designs, drive forms, control methods, and clinical assessments. A systematic discussion among them is performed while considering the main scientific and technical aspects. The analysis indicates that the actuator configuration, motor selection, state transition, trajectory tracking, transparency implementation, and clinical factor design in exoskeleton development are full of challenges, which should be investigated in more technical efforts in the future.
{"title":"Lower Extremity Exoskeleton for Human Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Tianci Wang;Zaixin Song;Hao Wen;Chunhua Liu","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3412809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3412809","url":null,"abstract":"Locomotion disorder caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to a considerably decreased quality of people's lives. Although there are no known cure methods for SCI, a lower extremity exoskeleton (LEE) has a perspective to restore the locomotion ability of SCI patients. Statistics show that the number of published articles on LEEs has exponentially increased over the past 20 years; however, no reviews have been conducted to summarize these studies comprehensively. To fill up this open gap, a comprehensive review from engineering to clinical standpoint is carried out, which is based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses’ methods, including their structural designs, drive forms, control methods, and clinical assessments. A systematic discussion among them is performed while considering the main scientific and technical aspects. The analysis indicates that the actuator configuration, motor selection, state transition, trajectory tracking, transparency implementation, and clinical factor design in exoskeleton development are full of challenges, which should be investigated in more technical efforts in the future.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"575-595"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10552905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes a method for the automatic generation of a plant model and monitoring using process mining algorithms based on recorded event logs. The behavioral traces of the system are captured by recording event logs during plant operation in either manual control mode or with an automatic controller. Process discovery algorithms are then applied to extract the logic of the process behavior properties from the recorded event logs. The result is represented as a Petri net, which is used to construct the state machine of the plant model and monitor and is in accordance with the IEC 61499 Standard. The monitor is implemented as a function block and can be deployed in real time to trigger an error signal whenever there is a deviation from the actual process scenario. The plant model and controller are connected in a closed loop and are used for the formal verification of the system with the help of the “fb2smv” converter and symbolic model checking tool NuSMV.
本文提出了一种基于记录的事件日志，利用过程挖掘算法自动生成工厂模型并进行监控的方法。在手动控制模式或使用自动控制器的工厂运行过程中，通过记录事件日志来捕捉系统的行为轨迹。然后应用流程挖掘算法，从记录的事件日志中提取流程行为属性的逻辑。结果以 Petri 网的形式表示，用于构建工厂模型和监控器的状态机，并符合 IEC 61499 标准。监控器以功能模块的形式实现，可实时部署，一旦出现与实际过程场景的偏差，就会触发错误信号。工厂模型和控制器连接成一个闭环，并在 "fb2smv "转换器和符号模型检查工具 NuSMV 的帮助下用于系统的正式验证。
{"title":"A Framework for the Generation of Monitor and Plant Model From Event Logs Using Process Mining for Formal Verification of Event-Driven Systems","authors":"Midhun Xavier;Victor Dubinin;Sandeep Patil;Valeriy Vyatkin","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3406059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3406059","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a method for the automatic generation of a plant model and monitoring using process mining algorithms based on recorded event logs. The behavioral traces of the system are captured by recording event logs during plant operation in either manual control mode or with an automatic controller. Process discovery algorithms are then applied to extract the logic of the process behavior properties from the recorded event logs. The result is represented as a Petri net, which is used to construct the state machine of the plant model and monitor and is in accordance with the IEC 61499 Standard. The monitor is implemented as a function block and can be deployed in real time to trigger an error signal whenever there is a deviation from the actual process scenario. The plant model and controller are connected in a closed loop and are used for the formal verification of the system with the help of the “fb2smv” converter and symbolic model checking tool NuSMV.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"517-534"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10550182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2024.3406915
Maximiliano Ferrari;Leon M. Tolbert;Emilio C. Piesciorovsky
Substantial differences in fault levels between grid-tied and islanded modes is one of the primary challenges of microgrid protection. During grid-tied mode, the bulk grid provides significant short-circuit, while during islanded operation the short-circuit magnitude is small due to inverter-based resources limiting their current output close to nominal ratings. Consequently, conventional distribution protection strategies based on overcurrent cannot reliably protect microgrids when operating in islanded mode. Fuses and circuit breakers are particularly affected because of their inverse characteristics. Presently, the absence of affordable solutions for protecting microgrids in islanded mode leads to microgrids shutting down during electrical faults. The contribution of this article is two-fold. The first innovation proposes specific hardware modifications to grid-forming inverters to increase their short-circuit current during electrical faults. The second innovation introduces a novel control strategy designed to preserve control stability margins even when the grid-filter saturates, ensuring sinusoidal output currents under normal and fault conditions. Through experimental results, the inverter with the proposed modifications can provide more than three-times its nominal current during electrical faults. For the prototype testbed, this was sufficient to enable the use of traditional legacy overcurrent protection, achieving the fuse-to-relay and relay-to-relay minimum coordination time for the line-to-ground, line-to-line to ground, and three-phase electrical faults.
{"title":"Grid Forming Inverter With Increased Short-Circuit Contribution to Address Inverter-Based Microgrid Protection Challenges","authors":"Maximiliano Ferrari;Leon M. Tolbert;Emilio C. Piesciorovsky","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3406915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3406915","url":null,"abstract":"Substantial differences in fault levels between grid-tied and islanded modes is one of the primary challenges of microgrid protection. During grid-tied mode, the bulk grid provides significant short-circuit, while during islanded operation the short-circuit magnitude is small due to inverter-based resources limiting their current output close to nominal ratings. Consequently, conventional distribution protection strategies based on overcurrent cannot reliably protect microgrids when operating in islanded mode. Fuses and circuit breakers are particularly affected because of their inverse characteristics. Presently, the absence of affordable solutions for protecting microgrids in islanded mode leads to microgrids shutting down during electrical faults. The contribution of this article is two-fold. The first innovation proposes specific hardware modifications to grid-forming inverters to increase their short-circuit current during electrical faults. The second innovation introduces a novel control strategy designed to preserve control stability margins even when the grid-filter saturates, ensuring sinusoidal output currents under normal and fault conditions. Through experimental results, the inverter with the proposed modifications can provide more than three-times its nominal current during electrical faults. For the prototype testbed, this was sufficient to enable the use of traditional legacy overcurrent protection, achieving the fuse-to-relay and relay-to-relay minimum coordination time for the line-to-ground, line-to-line to ground, and three-phase electrical faults.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"481-500"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10545588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-26DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2024.3394290
Jhonatan D. Paucara;José Carlos U. Peña;Damian Sal y Rosas
The massive integration of renewable energies into the grid using fast-response converters without inertia generates issues such as inertia reduction, temporary voltage violations, and power quality reduction. The system inertia reduction is a critical problem that could lead to grid frequency exceeding the acceptable range, resulting in undesirable load-shedding or even large-scale blackouts. To overcome these issues, the use of electric vehicle bidirectional chargers (EVBCs) implementing functionalities such as distributed virtual inertia (VI), long-term frequency support, voltage support by reactive power, and harmonics compensation, has been proposed as a possible solution. This article proposes a novel control strategy to manage a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of dc-link capacitors and battery, through an isolated two-stage ac–dc converter (composed of a dual active bridge resonant type dc–dc converter cascaded to a voltage source inverter), intended for off-board EVBCs. The HESS management allows decoupling of the active power dynamic response since dc-link capacitors supply the fast dynamic response for VI support whereas the battery supplies the slower dynamic response for long-term frequency support, respectively. Hence, the VI support does not affect the battery lifetime. Simulations and experimental results are presented for a 2.5 kW prototype to validate VI, frequency-voltage support along with harmonics compensation.
{"title":"HESS Management for Virtual Inertia, Frequency, and Voltage Support Through Off-Board EV Bidirectional Chargers","authors":"Jhonatan D. Paucara;José Carlos U. Peña;Damian Sal y Rosas","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3394290","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3394290","url":null,"abstract":"The massive integration of renewable energies into the grid using fast-response converters without inertia generates issues such as inertia reduction, temporary voltage violations, and power quality reduction. The system inertia reduction is a critical problem that could lead to grid frequency exceeding the acceptable range, resulting in undesirable load-shedding or even large-scale blackouts. To overcome these issues, the use of electric vehicle bidirectional chargers (EVBCs) implementing functionalities such as distributed virtual inertia (VI), long-term frequency support, voltage support by reactive power, and harmonics compensation, has been proposed as a possible solution. This article proposes a novel control strategy to manage a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of dc-link capacitors and battery, through an isolated two-stage ac–dc converter (composed of a dual active bridge resonant type dc–dc converter cascaded to a voltage source inverter), intended for off-board EVBCs. The HESS management allows decoupling of the active power dynamic response since dc-link capacitors supply the fast dynamic response for VI support whereas the battery supplies the slower dynamic response for long-term frequency support, respectively. Hence, the VI support does not affect the battery lifetime. Simulations and experimental results are presented for a 2.5 kW prototype to validate VI, frequency-voltage support along with harmonics compensation.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"376-385"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10508895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2024.3393757
Md Samiullah;Mohammed A. Al. Hitmi;Atif Iqbal;Shirazul Islam
High-gain dc–dc converters are used for a number of applications including the power processing of several low-voltage renewable energy sources (solar photovoltaic and fuel cells) while they are integrated into a microgrid. This article introduces two novel designs of high power density nonisolated quadratic boost converters, which neither uphold the cascaded architecture nor involve coupled inductors in them. The proposed converters utilize the switched-inductors and switched-capacitor-based modules for voltage boosting. Despite having a higher output voltage, the proposed topology in its extended mode offloads the issue of high voltage stress at the devices. The output voltage can be extended to further higher levels without requiring additional circuits for peak inverse voltage (PIV) suppression at the output diode. The current at the input and output terminals are continuous, which facilitates the converter for various applications such as distributed generation (DG)s integration to microgrid and uninterruptible power supplies for integrated battery storage systems. The switched-inductor-switched-capacitor quadratic converter and its extended topology, extended switched-inductor-switched-capacitor quadratic converter, are analyzed thoroughly in different modes of conduction and the performance is justified by developing a hardware prototype ranging for a maximum power of 400 W. The switching frequency is maintained at 50 kHz.
高增益直流-直流转换器可用于多种应用，包括集成到微电网中的几种低压可再生能源（太阳能光伏和燃料电池）的功率处理。本文介绍了两种新型高功率密度非隔离二次升压转换器的设计，它们既不采用级联结构，也不涉及耦合电感器。所提出的转换器利用基于开关电感器和开关电容器的模块进行升压。尽管输出电压较高，但拟议的拓扑结构在其扩展模式中卸载了器件的高电压应力问题。输出电压可进一步扩展到更高水平，而无需在输出二极管上增加用于抑制峰值反向电压（PIV）的电路。输入和输出终端的电流是连续的，这有利于变流器的各种应用，例如将分布式发电（DG）集成到微电网中，以及为集成电池存储系统提供不间断电源。对开关电感-开关电容四元转换器及其扩展拓扑结构--扩展开关电感-开关电容四元转换器在不同传导模式下的性能进行了深入分析，并通过开发最大功率为 400 W 的硬件原型验证了其性能。
{"title":"Novel Scalable Topologies of High Power Density Quadratic Converters With Low Voltage Stress on Power Diode","authors":"Md Samiullah;Mohammed A. Al. Hitmi;Atif Iqbal;Shirazul Islam","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3393757","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3393757","url":null,"abstract":"High-gain dc–dc converters are used for a number of applications including the power processing of several low-voltage renewable energy sources (solar photovoltaic and fuel cells) while they are integrated into a microgrid. This article introduces two novel designs of high power density nonisolated quadratic boost converters, which neither uphold the cascaded architecture nor involve coupled inductors in them. The proposed converters utilize the switched-inductors and switched-capacitor-based modules for voltage boosting. Despite having a higher output voltage, the proposed topology in its extended mode offloads the issue of high voltage stress at the devices. The output voltage can be extended to further higher levels without requiring additional circuits for peak inverse voltage (PIV) suppression at the output diode. The current at the input and output terminals are continuous, which facilitates the converter for various applications such as distributed generation (DG)s integration to microgrid and uninterruptible power supplies for integrated battery storage systems. The switched-inductor-switched-capacitor quadratic converter and its extended topology, extended switched-inductor-switched-capacitor quadratic converter, are analyzed thoroughly in different modes of conduction and the performance is justified by developing a hardware prototype ranging for a maximum power of 400 W. The switching frequency is maintained at 50 kHz.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"386-399"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10508451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a power electronic interface for battery energy storage integration into a dc microgrid. It is based on a partial power converter (PPC) employing a current-fed dc–dc topology. The article provides an analysis of application requirements and proposes an optimal second-life battery stack configuration to leverage all the benefits of the PPC technology. This converter can regulate current at zero series voltage between a battery stack and a dc microgrid using the topology morphing control. The article shows how the converter and its control system should be designed to operate in a droop-controlled dc microgrid. The experimental results demonstrate the converter's capability to operate under droop control, implementing both voltage step-up and -down regulation with a smooth transition between converter modes. The experimental efficiency reaches as high as 99.45%, demonstrating an efficient approach for second-life battery energy storage integration into dc microgrid.
{"title":"High-Efficiency Partial Power Converter for Integration of Second-Life Battery Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids","authors":"Naser Hassanpour;Andrii Chub;Neelesh Yadav;Andrei Blinov;Dmitri Vinnikov","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3389466","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3389466","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a power electronic interface for battery energy storage integration into a dc microgrid. It is based on a partial power converter (PPC) employing a current-fed dc–dc topology. The article provides an analysis of application requirements and proposes an optimal second-life battery stack configuration to leverage all the benefits of the PPC technology. This converter can regulate current at zero series voltage between a battery stack and a dc microgrid using the topology morphing control. The article shows how the converter and its control system should be designed to operate in a droop-controlled dc microgrid. The experimental results demonstrate the converter's capability to operate under droop control, implementing both voltage step-up and -down regulation with a smooth transition between converter modes. The experimental efficiency reaches as high as 99.45%, demonstrating an efficient approach for second-life battery energy storage integration into dc microgrid.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"847-860"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10502154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140616633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2024.3388632
ZHENGTAO YU;XUEQIN ZHENG;JUN YANG;JINYA SU
Rubber tire gantry (RTG) plays a pivotal role in facilitating efficient container handling within port operations. Conventional RTG, highly depending on human operations, is inefficient, labor-intensive, and also poses safety issues in adverse environments. This article introduces a multitarget detection and tracking (MTDT) algorithm specifically tailored for automated port RTG operations. The approach seamlessly integrates enhanced YOLOX for object detection and improved DeepSORT for object tracking to enhance the MTDT performance in the complex port settings. In particular, Light-YOLOX, an upgraded version of YOLOX incorporating separable convolution and attention mechanism, is introduced to improve real-time capability and small target detection. Subsequently, OSNet-DeepSORT, an enhanced version of DeepSORT, is proposed to mitigate ID switching challenges arising from unreliable data communication or occlusion in real port scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in various real-life port operations. Ablation studies and comparative experiments against typical MTDT algorithms demonstrate noteworthy enhancements in key performance metrics, encompassing small target detection, tracking accuracy, ID switching frequency, and real-time performance.
{"title":"Improved YOLOX-DeepSORT for Multitarget Detection and Tracking of Automated Port RTG","authors":"ZHENGTAO YU;XUEQIN ZHENG;JUN YANG;JINYA SU","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3388632","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3388632","url":null,"abstract":"Rubber tire gantry (RTG) plays a pivotal role in facilitating efficient container handling within port operations. Conventional RTG, highly depending on human operations, is inefficient, labor-intensive, and also poses safety issues in adverse environments. This article introduces a multitarget detection and tracking (MTDT) algorithm specifically tailored for automated port RTG operations. The approach seamlessly integrates enhanced YOLOX for object detection and improved DeepSORT for object tracking to enhance the MTDT performance in the complex port settings. In particular, Light-YOLOX, an upgraded version of YOLOX incorporating separable convolution and attention mechanism, is introduced to improve real-time capability and small target detection. Subsequently, OSNet-DeepSORT, an enhanced version of DeepSORT, is proposed to mitigate ID switching challenges arising from unreliable data communication or occlusion in real port scenarios. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated in various real-life port operations. Ablation studies and comparative experiments against typical MTDT algorithms demonstrate noteworthy enhancements in key performance metrics, encompassing small target detection, tracking accuracy, ID switching frequency, and real-time performance.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"317-325"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10499882","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2024.3387432
Hongyu Sun;Songling Huang;Lisha Peng
The global energy industry is moving toward a trend of green and low-carbon transformation. A transparent power grid represents a new development form under this energy transition trend, integrating the power grid with new generation information and communication technologies, exemplified by the Internet. The use of micro smart sensors allows real-time monitoring of many important parameters of power systems via current, which is crucial for ensuring safe, stable, intelligent, and green power grid operation. Here, based on the development logic of current sensing technology for traditional-smart-transparent power grids, we focus our research on high-current sensing in a transparent power grid. First, we review the widely used traditional current sensing methods of shunts and Rogowski coils. More advanced optical fiber current sensing methods and microelectromechanical system current sensing chips are then introduced, which are more suitable for the smart sensing requirements of transparent power grids. In addition, we present and discuss the technical characteristics, research status, application scope, advantages and disadvantages, and future development directions of the above methods in detail. Finally, we address many essential challenges, including miniaturization, integration, low power consumption, passive wireless sensing, long-range operation, and complex environmental parameters in the comprehensive intelligent and transparent sensing of current parameters in power grids. To address these challenges, we present three possible development directions: sensor improvement, development of communication and networking technologies for sensors, and the advancement of intelligent and fast processing methods through communication.
{"title":"High-Current Sensing Technology for Transparent Power Grids: A Review","authors":"Hongyu Sun;Songling Huang;Lisha Peng","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3387432","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3387432","url":null,"abstract":"The global energy industry is moving toward a trend of green and low-carbon transformation. A transparent power grid represents a new development form under this energy transition trend, integrating the power grid with new generation information and communication technologies, exemplified by the Internet. The use of micro smart sensors allows real-time monitoring of many important parameters of power systems via current, which is crucial for ensuring safe, stable, intelligent, and green power grid operation. Here, based on the development logic of current sensing technology for traditional-smart-transparent power grids, we focus our research on high-current sensing in a transparent power grid. First, we review the widely used traditional current sensing methods of shunts and Rogowski coils. More advanced optical fiber current sensing methods and microelectromechanical system current sensing chips are then introduced, which are more suitable for the smart sensing requirements of transparent power grids. In addition, we present and discuss the technical characteristics, research status, application scope, advantages and disadvantages, and future development directions of the above methods in detail. Finally, we address many essential challenges, including miniaturization, integration, low power consumption, passive wireless sensing, long-range operation, and complex environmental parameters in the comprehensive intelligent and transparent sensing of current parameters in power grids. To address these challenges, we present three possible development directions: sensor improvement, development of communication and networking technologies for sensors, and the advancement of intelligent and fast processing methods through communication.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"326-358"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10496816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：