Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3648255
Maysam Abbasi;Milad Ghavipanjeh Marangalu;Naser Vosoughi Kurdkandi;Ehsan Abbasi;Hani Vahedi;Li Li;Ricardo P. Aguilera;Dylan Lu;Fei Wang
In recent years, several common-ground switched-capacitor transformerless (CGSC-TL) dc–ac multilevel power converters have been introduced, providing advantages such as multilevel output voltage, voltage boosting, and mitigated leakage current. However, these structures mostly suffer from drawbacks, such as limited output voltage levels (like only five levels), lack of voltage-boosting capability, and high charging current spikes of the capacitors. This article proposes a new single-stage CGSC-TL nine-level (9L) multilevel inverter (MLI) with voltage-boosting capability and limited spikes of charging current of the capacitor, designed to be employed as a single-stage power-electronics-based interface device between renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and power grid and/or load. The proposed MLI provides several merits, such as a common-ground structure that suppresses PV-to-ground leakage current associated with PV parasitic capacitances, active and reactive power support, a wide input voltage range, and higher output voltage levels (9L) compared with other structures in the same class. Comprehensive comparative analyses, as well as simulation and experimental results, are presented to verify the performance of the proposed inverter.
{"title":"New Nine-Level Common-Ground Multilevel Inverter With Boosting Capability for Renewable Energies","authors":"Maysam Abbasi;Milad Ghavipanjeh Marangalu;Naser Vosoughi Kurdkandi;Ehsan Abbasi;Hani Vahedi;Li Li;Ricardo P. Aguilera;Dylan Lu;Fei Wang","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3648255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3648255","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, several common-ground switched-capacitor transformerless (CGSC-TL) dc–ac multilevel power converters have been introduced, providing advantages such as multilevel output voltage, voltage boosting, and mitigated leakage current. However, these structures mostly suffer from drawbacks, such as limited output voltage levels (like only five levels), lack of voltage-boosting capability, and high charging current spikes of the capacitors. This article proposes a new single-stage CGSC-TL nine-level (9L) multilevel inverter (MLI) with voltage-boosting capability and limited spikes of charging current of the capacitor, designed to be employed as a single-stage power-electronics-based interface device between renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and power grid and/or load. The proposed MLI provides several merits, such as a common-ground structure that suppresses PV-to-ground leakage current associated with PV parasitic capacitances, active and reactive power support, a wide input voltage range, and higher output voltage levels (9L) compared with other structures in the same class. Comprehensive comparative analyses, as well as simulation and experimental results, are presented to verify the performance of the proposed inverter.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"86-103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11316224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TriChewer, a multioral-chamber chewing robot, was developed to replicate human chewing trajectories, serving as a tool for food texture evaluation and biomimetic bolus preparation in food science. Cam profiles were designed for vertical chewing with different lateral excursions to provide small, medium, and large shear strains during occlusion. The robot's kinematics were modeled, and real human chewing trajectories, measured using an optical tracking system, were converted into motor reference profiles via a closed-form inverse-kinematics transformation derived from the cam-follower geometry, with chamber-specific phase offsets. To enable head-to-head comparisons under identical actuation and ambient conditions, TriChewer operates three oral chambers in parallel, each reproducing a distinct human-inspired force-shear regime. Chamber-specific occlusal-force profiles, paired with distinct trajectories and food types, were imposed to quantify their effects on texture evolution during chewing. A position controller combining velocity/acceleration feedforward with PID feedback ensured accurate trajectory tracking. Experimental studies on roasted peanuts and breadcrumbs were conducted. Results indicate that occlusal force is the dominant determinant of chewing performance. For roasted peanuts, sufficient force progressively reduced particle size, and trajectories combining lateral shear with vertical compression outperformed pure compression. For breadcrumbs, sufficient force with minimal shear decreased thickness and increased hardness and cohesiveness, whereas excessive shear caused tearing and reduced cohesiveness. This study demonstrates the successful application of human chewing motions in a robotic system to analyze food texture dynamics.
{"title":"Biomimetic Food Bolus Preparation Using TriChewer: A Multi-Oral-Chamber Chewing Robot","authors":"Xudong Wang;Bangxiang Chen;Jaspreet Singh Dhupia;Weiliang Xu","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3648797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3648797","url":null,"abstract":"TriChewer, a multioral-chamber chewing robot, was developed to replicate human chewing trajectories, serving as a tool for food texture evaluation and biomimetic bolus preparation in food science. Cam profiles were designed for vertical chewing with different lateral excursions to provide small, medium, and large shear strains during occlusion. The robot's kinematics were modeled, and real human chewing trajectories, measured using an optical tracking system, were converted into motor reference profiles via a closed-form inverse-kinematics transformation derived from the cam-follower geometry, with chamber-specific phase offsets. To enable head-to-head comparisons under identical actuation and ambient conditions, TriChewer operates three oral chambers in parallel, each reproducing a distinct human-inspired force-shear regime. Chamber-specific occlusal-force profiles, paired with distinct trajectories and food types, were imposed to quantify their effects on texture evolution during chewing. A position controller combining velocity/acceleration feedforward with PID feedback ensured accurate trajectory tracking. Experimental studies on roasted peanuts and breadcrumbs were conducted. Results indicate that occlusal force is the dominant determinant of chewing performance. For roasted peanuts, sufficient force progressively reduced particle size, and trajectories combining lateral shear with vertical compression outperformed pure compression. For breadcrumbs, sufficient force with minimal shear decreased thickness and increased hardness and cohesiveness, whereas excessive shear caused tearing and reduced cohesiveness. This study demonstrates the successful application of human chewing motions in a robotic system to analyze food texture dynamics.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"104-118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11316426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the modeling, analysis, and mitigation of a new false data injection attack targeting the virtual output impedance control of droop-based distributed energy resources in a microgrid with distribution lines of low X/R ratios. It is shown for the first time that the virtual output impedance-targeted false data injection attack is capable of destabilizing the autonomous microgrid, especially when the distribution lines' X/R ratio is sufficiently low. Through small-signal modeling, the low-frequency oscillations and stability margin are comprehensively characterized, providing a theoretical basis for designing resilience-enhancing virtual output impedance controls against false data injection attacks. This method can provide additional damping to microgrids with any low X/R ratio, ensuring an adequate stability margin. To simplify the small-signal model for design analysis, the work adopted the assumptions of light and high-power factor loads, as well as small voltage-angle variations across the microgrid network. A design guideline that considers the damping ratio and the diminishing-return nature of the stabilizing effect provided by the virtual inductance has been developed. The proposed modeling, attack analysis, and resilience-enhancing techniques are comprehensively demonstrated and validated on a two-distributed energy resource microgrid through simulations and experiments. It is shown that the enhanced virtual output impedance control successfully improves the resilience of the microgrid against false data injection attacks, suppressing low-frequency oscillations and maintaining grid stability.
{"title":"Modeling, Analysis, Resilience Improvement of Autonomous AC Microgrids With Virtual Output Impedance Control Under False Data Injection Attacks","authors":"Yifeng Huang;Mianzhi Wu;Fei Xue;Lin Jiang;Chee Shen Lim","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3648782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3648782","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the modeling, analysis, and mitigation of a new false data injection attack targeting the virtual output impedance control of droop-based distributed energy resources in a microgrid with distribution lines of low X/R ratios. It is shown for the first time that the virtual output impedance-targeted false data injection attack is capable of destabilizing the autonomous microgrid, especially when the distribution lines' X/R ratio is sufficiently low. Through small-signal modeling, the low-frequency oscillations and stability margin are comprehensively characterized, providing a theoretical basis for designing resilience-enhancing virtual output impedance controls against false data injection attacks. This method can provide additional damping to microgrids with any low X/R ratio, ensuring an adequate stability margin. To simplify the small-signal model for design analysis, the work adopted the assumptions of light and high-power factor loads, as well as small voltage-angle variations across the microgrid network. A design guideline that considers the damping ratio and the diminishing-return nature of the stabilizing effect provided by the virtual inductance has been developed. The proposed modeling, attack analysis, and resilience-enhancing techniques are comprehensively demonstrated and validated on a two-distributed energy resource microgrid through simulations and experiments. It is shown that the enhanced virtual output impedance control successfully improves the resilience of the microgrid against false data injection attacks, suppressing low-frequency oscillations and maintaining grid stability.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"119-135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11316366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) have attracted increasing interest because of their robustness, cost effectiveness, and suitability for high-speed applications. Accurate current control plays a critical role in achieving high performance, and a wide speed operation range is often required in electrified drivetrains. While numerous current control methods have been proposed in the literature, their applicability across different speed regions has not been systematically clarified. This article presents a comprehensive review and classification of current control strategies for SRMs, organized according to their applicable speed regions. The speed-dependent characteristics and corresponding control challenges are first discussed to establish the basis for classification. Existing methods are then categorized into two major groups: those applicable to low and intermediate speeds and those tailored for high-speed operation. Each category is analyzed in terms of dynamic performance, robustness, and computational complexity. Representative current control methods are evaluated through both simulation and experimental validation to assess their performance across varying speed conditions. Finally, existing challenges and future research trends are discussed.
{"title":"A Review of Current Control Strategies for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives: Performance Evaluation Across a Wide Speed Range","authors":"Xudong Wang;Yasaman Niazi;Sadra Tavakolian;Azadeh Gholaminejad;Gaoliang Fang;Sumedh Dhale;Diego F. Valencia;Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh;Ali Emadi","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3647661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3647661","url":null,"abstract":"Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) have attracted increasing interest because of their robustness, cost effectiveness, and suitability for high-speed applications. Accurate current control plays a critical role in achieving high performance, and a wide speed operation range is often required in electrified drivetrains. While numerous current control methods have been proposed in the literature, their applicability across different speed regions has not been systematically clarified. This article presents a comprehensive review and classification of current control strategies for SRMs, organized according to their applicable speed regions. The speed-dependent characteristics and corresponding control challenges are first discussed to establish the basis for classification. Existing methods are then categorized into two major groups: those applicable to low and intermediate speeds and those tailored for high-speed operation. Each category is analyzed in terms of dynamic performance, robustness, and computational complexity. Representative current control methods are evaluated through both simulation and experimental validation to assess their performance across varying speed conditions. Finally, existing challenges and future research trends are discussed.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"136-156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11313481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrolyzers operate as nonlinear low-voltage high-current loads, presenting significant challenges for power conversion systems. This article investigates state-of-the-art modulation schemes for the dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters, focusing on their performance and interaction with electrolyzer loads in electrolysis applications. The behavior of electrolyzers is compared with that of conventional constant voltage loads across various modulation schemes, using peak primary transformer current as the evaluation metric at three power levels: 1, 10, and 100 kW. A peak current optimization strategy tailored for electrolysis applications is proposed. Based on this, an optimized operating trajectory for the DAB converter during electrolysis is identified for each power level. The optimization results are validated experimentally using a 1-kW 20-kHz prototype, and through MATLAB simulations for the 10- and 100-kW systems. The proposed approach achieves peak current reductions of up to 15.75% at 100 W for the 1-kW system, 42.71% at 1 kW for the 10-kW system, and 60% at 10 kW for the 100-kW system, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving DAB converter performance for electrolysis applications.
{"title":"Evaluation and Optimization of Modulation Strategies of a Dual-Active-Bridge Converter for Electrolyzers","authors":"Rohan Shailesh Deshmukh;Gautam Rituraj;Pavol Bauer;Hani Vahedi","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3647490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3647490","url":null,"abstract":"Electrolyzers operate as nonlinear low-voltage high-current loads, presenting significant challenges for power conversion systems. This article investigates state-of-the-art modulation schemes for the dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters, focusing on their performance and interaction with electrolyzer loads in electrolysis applications. The behavior of electrolyzers is compared with that of conventional constant voltage loads across various modulation schemes, using peak primary transformer current as the evaluation metric at three power levels: 1, 10, and 100 kW. A peak current optimization strategy tailored for electrolysis applications is proposed. Based on this, an optimized operating trajectory for the DAB converter during electrolysis is identified for each power level. The optimization results are validated experimentally using a 1-kW 20-kHz prototype, and through MATLAB simulations for the 10- and 100-kW systems. The proposed approach achieves peak current reductions of up to 15.75% at 100 W for the 1-kW system, 42.71% at 1 kW for the 10-kW system, and 60% at 10 kW for the 100-kW system, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving DAB converter performance for electrolysis applications.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"55-71"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11313526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3645998
Anton Dianov;Alecksey Anuchin;Igor Litvinchev;Xiaodong Sun;Galina Demidova;Vladimir Prakht
The efficient operation of synchronous motors requires the implementation of techniques for loss decreasing. In the overwhelming majority of control systems, the developers use maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control, which is a tradeoff between simplicity and loss minimization. The developers mainly pay attention to MTPA control in steady-state modes, which are usually the main operating modes of motor drives. However, motors in some applications such as automotive, machine tools, etc., operate with numerous transients, thus the implementation of MTPA control in transients is crucial for efficient control in those applications. Therefore, this article proposes an algorithm for the planning of current transients, which aims for the provision of the trajectory closer to motor MTPA curve. In steady state mode the proposed technique is inactive, however when the control system detects significant change of current command, it activates the planning algorithm. The algorithm detects transient direction (raising or falling current) and defines initial and target points. Then it calculates the ratio between cutoff frequencies of d- and q-axis current PI controllers and changes the gains of the slowest controller. When that transient is over, the algorithm restores the modified gains and becomes inactive. The experimental part proves the feasibility of the proposed technique and demonstrates improved trajectories.
{"title":"Planning of Current Transients to Follow MTPA Trajectory","authors":"Anton Dianov;Alecksey Anuchin;Igor Litvinchev;Xiaodong Sun;Galina Demidova;Vladimir Prakht","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3645998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3645998","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient operation of synchronous motors requires the implementation of techniques for loss decreasing. In the overwhelming majority of control systems, the developers use maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control, which is a tradeoff between simplicity and loss minimization. The developers mainly pay attention to MTPA control in steady-state modes, which are usually the main operating modes of motor drives. However, motors in some applications such as automotive, machine tools, etc., operate with numerous transients, thus the implementation of MTPA control in transients is crucial for efficient control in those applications. Therefore, this article proposes an algorithm for the planning of current transients, which aims for the provision of the trajectory closer to motor MTPA curve. In steady state mode the proposed technique is inactive, however when the control system detects significant change of current command, it activates the planning algorithm. The algorithm detects transient direction (raising or falling current) and defines initial and target points. Then it calculates the ratio between cutoff frequencies of <italic>d</i>- and <italic>q</i>-axis current PI controllers and changes the gains of the slowest controller. When that transient is over, the algorithm restores the modified gains and becomes inactive. The experimental part proves the feasibility of the proposed technique and demonstrates improved trajectories.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"42-54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11303881","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3645487
Moria Sassonker Elkayam;Dmitri Vinnikov
This article presents an advanced triple-loop control strategy for grid-connected LCL-filtered inverters, incorporating a time-domain-based design for improved transient response, harmonic mitigation, and stability. This article extends the previous work of Elkayam and Vinnikov (2023) by implementing a multiresonant (MR) controller in the inner loop, combined with phase compensation techniques to enhance harmonic attenuation and system robustness. A novel delay estimation and compensation methodology is introduced, optimizing bandwidth distribution across the cascaded control loops. In addition, a refined dc- link capacitor voltage balancing strategy is developed to prevent voltage asymmetry and improve system reliability. The proposed control approach is validated through extensive experimental results and comparative analysis, demonstrating its effectiveness over conventional control methods in achieving enhanced dynamic performance, reduced steady- state error, and improved disturbance rejection.
{"title":"Improved Triple-Loop Control for Grid-Connected Inverters With Multiresonant Compensation and Experimental Verification","authors":"Moria Sassonker Elkayam;Dmitri Vinnikov","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3645487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3645487","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an advanced triple-loop control strategy for grid-connected <italic>LCL</i>-filtered inverters, incorporating a time-domain-based design for improved transient response, harmonic mitigation, and stability. This article extends the previous work of Elkayam and Vinnikov (2023) by implementing a multiresonant (MR) controller in the inner loop, combined with phase compensation techniques to enhance harmonic attenuation and system robustness. A novel delay estimation and compensation methodology is introduced, optimizing bandwidth distribution across the cascaded control loops. In addition, a refined dc- link capacitor voltage balancing strategy is developed to prevent voltage asymmetry and improve system reliability. The proposed control approach is validated through extensive experimental results and comparative analysis, demonstrating its effectiveness over conventional control methods in achieving enhanced dynamic performance, reduced steady- state error, and improved disturbance rejection.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"72-85"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11303109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3644913
Chuan Li;Daniele Carta;Edoardo De Din;Andrea Benigni
This article presents an operational strategy for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capable charging stations in multienergy systems (MESs). We present a novel model-predictive control (MPC) formulation based on the operation of four-quadrant charging stations and the behavior of electric vehicle drivers. The presented approach enables V2G capable charging units to serve multiple functions, including voltage regulation, power loss reduction, and MES energy management. Thus, the proposed MPC approach reduces violations of operational limits and improves the efficient use of MES components, such as photovoltaic systems and heat pumps. MPC with a V2G mode regulator is implemented to ensure efficient real-time operation of the MES. The proposed strategy is evaluated using a realistic MES inspired by the Forschungszentrum Jülich campus. Further tests conducted on a modified version of the IEEE 123-bus system demonstrate the scalability of the proposed V2G algorithm.
{"title":"MPC-Based Multifunctional V2G Operation in Multienergy Systems","authors":"Chuan Li;Daniele Carta;Edoardo De Din;Andrea Benigni","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3644913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3644913","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an operational strategy for Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capable charging stations in multienergy systems (MESs). We present a novel model-predictive control (MPC) formulation based on the operation of four-quadrant charging stations and the behavior of electric vehicle drivers. The presented approach enables V2G capable charging units to serve multiple functions, including voltage regulation, power loss reduction, and MES energy management. Thus, the proposed MPC approach reduces violations of operational limits and improves the efficient use of MES components, such as photovoltaic systems and heat pumps. MPC with a V2G mode regulator is implemented to ensure efficient real-time operation of the MES. The proposed strategy is evaluated using a realistic MES inspired by the Forschungszentrum Jülich campus. Further tests conducted on a modified version of the IEEE 123-bus system demonstrate the scalability of the proposed V2G algorithm.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"28-41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11301601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3644922
Niccolò Nicodemo;Federico Baronti;Roberto Roncella;Roberto Saletti;Roberto Di Rienzo
Electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as a greener and more efficient alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles. However, their adoption is still limited by reduced driving range and extended charging times. Nevertheless, EV charging can theoretically occur almost anywhere, enabling users to recharge while engaging in daily activities, thereby reducing the need for fast charging and improving overall user’s satisfaction. This work investigates this charging approach by introducing a novel classification of EV charging strategies within a “vehicle-centric” versus “user-centric” framework. A new methodology for “user-centric” strategies is proposed, which adapts the charging profiles to user’s requirements and the EV condition. In particular, the proposed method optimizes a default multistep constant current profile to satisfy time constraints imposed by user’s activities, such as the duration of a stay at a shopping mall or public office, while minimizing EV battery degradation. The method leverages a digital twin of the EV battery incorporating both electrothermal and aging models to simulate a given charging profile and assess its compliance with the constraints of the charging event. Then, a golden-search-based optimization algorithm is used to identify the most suitable profile. A realistic case study based on real-world charging data is used to assess the performance of the proposed method. Simulation results demonstrate strong alignment with user’s time preferences, acceptable battery health degradation, and improved charging equipment efficiency, making the approach appealing for both EV users and charging station operators.
{"title":"User-Centric Aging-Aware Method for Electric Vehicle Charging Optimization","authors":"Niccolò Nicodemo;Federico Baronti;Roberto Roncella;Roberto Saletti;Roberto Di Rienzo","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3644922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3644922","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as a greener and more efficient alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles. However, their adoption is still limited by reduced driving range and extended charging times. Nevertheless, EV charging can theoretically occur almost anywhere, enabling users to recharge while engaging in daily activities, thereby reducing the need for fast charging and improving overall user’s satisfaction. This work investigates this charging approach by introducing a novel classification of EV charging strategies within a “vehicle-centric” versus “user-centric” framework. A new methodology for “user-centric” strategies is proposed, which adapts the charging profiles to user’s requirements and the EV condition. In particular, the proposed method optimizes a default multistep constant current profile to satisfy time constraints imposed by user’s activities, such as the duration of a stay at a shopping mall or public office, while minimizing EV battery degradation. The method leverages a digital twin of the EV battery incorporating both electrothermal and aging models to simulate a given charging profile and assess its compliance with the constraints of the charging event. Then, a golden-search-based optimization algorithm is used to identify the most suitable profile. A realistic case study based on real-world charging data is used to assess the performance of the proposed method. Simulation results demonstrate strong alignment with user’s time preferences, acceptable battery health degradation, and improved charging equipment efficiency, making the approach appealing for both EV users and charging station operators.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"7 ","pages":"14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11301604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3638347
Auwalu Muhammad Abdullahi;Khemwutta Pornpipatsakul;Ado Haruna;Ronnapee Chaichaowarat
Active participation in rehabilitation exercise is encouraged to improve the rate of recovery in patients suffering from muscular weakness resulting from injury or stroke. In robotic rehabilitation, active patient participation is achieved through an assist-as-needed (AAN) approach, where robotic assistance is provided only when the patient is unable to complete a rehabilitation task due to insufficient muscular torque or fatigue. AAN robotic rehabilitation usually involves switching from human-in-charge (HIC) to robot-in-charge (RIC) mode when the patient requires assistance to complete a rehabilitation task. A major concern when switching from HIC to RIC mode is bump transfer (high torque), which causes motor jerking and discomfort to the patient at the instant of switching. The present study addresses this problem through bumpless torque command shaping (BTCS) to improve patient safety and comfort in AAN robotic rehabilitation. The proposed BTCS method achieves bumpless transfer around the point of switching to robotic assistance by suppressing the high control torque using an appropriately designed critically damped feedforward torque shaper. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach is assessed via simulations and real-time experiments using a two-degree-of-freedom planar robot with compliant trajectory tracking realized via an admittance model and a position controller. Comparisons with proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and active disturbance rejection control demonstrate that the proposed PID + BTCS approach significantly suppresses the bumps and prevents chattering of the torque signal at switching points while achieving comparable tracking of the admittance reference trajectory.
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