This article proposes a framework to enhance the resilience of cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs) against cyber-attacks that are capable of bypassing the cyber-based defense mechanisms. To do so, a hidden and local surveillant protection layer is introduced that utilizes isolated measurement devices. Since this surveillance layer relies on local measurements, cyber-attackers cannot affect its performance. However, it requires highly accurate fault detection and classification units (FDCUs) which means requiring additional expenses. Therefore, at the outset, this article employs a deep-learning-based fault detection and classification method using a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model to achieve high accuracy with only local transmission line current measurements. The insight and knowledge of the FDCUs are also shared across their neighboring buses through the power-line-carrier communication system. Owing to the need for additional hardware, this system is modeled within a techno-economic framework. The established framework is applied to the CPPS through the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method. The EDAS method allows for dynamic adjustments to the integration level of FDCUs based on an analysis of potential cascading failures from various cyber-attack target sets. Extensive simulations conducted on the IEEE 30-bus testbed validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The conducted evaluations show that the Bi-LSTM model achieves an impressive accuracy level exceeding 99.66%. This result highlights the robust performance of the proposed surveillant layer and demonstrates its superiority over existing fault detection and classification methods. The scalability of the proposed framework is also confirmed on the IEEE 118-bus testbed.
{"title":"A Hidden Surveillant Transmission Line Protection Layer for Cyber-Attack Resilience of Power Systems","authors":"Hossein Ebrahimi;Sajjad Golshannavaz;Amin Yazdaninejadi;Edris Pouresmaeil","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3534588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3534588","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a framework to enhance the resilience of cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs) against cyber-attacks that are capable of bypassing the cyber-based defense mechanisms. To do so, a hidden and local surveillant protection layer is introduced that utilizes isolated measurement devices. Since this surveillance layer relies on local measurements, cyber-attackers cannot affect its performance. However, it requires highly accurate fault detection and classification units (FDCUs) which means requiring additional expenses. Therefore, at the outset, this article employs a deep-learning-based fault detection and classification method using a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model to achieve high accuracy with only local transmission line current measurements. The insight and knowledge of the FDCUs are also shared across their neighboring buses through the power-line-carrier communication system. Owing to the need for additional hardware, this system is modeled within a techno-economic framework. The established framework is applied to the CPPS through the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) method. The EDAS method allows for dynamic adjustments to the integration level of FDCUs based on an analysis of potential cascading failures from various cyber-attack target sets. Extensive simulations conducted on the IEEE 30-bus testbed validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The conducted evaluations show that the Bi-LSTM model achieves an impressive accuracy level exceeding 99.66%. This result highlights the robust performance of the proposed surveillant layer and demonstrates its superiority over existing fault detection and classification methods. The scalability of the proposed framework is also confirmed on the IEEE 118-bus testbed.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"170-180"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10858390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3536032
Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar;Seshagiri Rao Vemparala;Dhafer Almakhles;Kumaravel S.;Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy
The conventional quadratic boost converter produces a high voltage gain. However, it has drawbacks, like switch voltage stress equal to the output voltage of the converter. This research introduced a novel approach: a scalable high-voltage gain converter strategically designed to address the voltage stress experienced by the switch and achieve a noteworthy reduction. This voltage stress reduction is applicable to all the stages of the proposed converter. It is worth highlighting that the converter ensures continuous input current and is configured with a common input and output ground, further enhancing its practicality. This study delves into an exhaustive steady-state analysis covering both the continuous and discontinuous conduction modes and the nonideal model. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative analysis is presented, pitting the design and performance of the proposed converter against their recent high-gain counterparts. To evaluate dynamic performance, a small signal model is created. To confirm the dynamic and steady-state performance, a prototype of the proposed converter configuration is fabricated and tested, achieving a 48- to 650-V conversion and delivering 500 W of output power.
{"title":"A Scalable High-Voltage Gain DC/DC Converter With Reduced Voltage Stress for DC Microgrid Integration","authors":"Mahajan Sagar Bhaskar;Seshagiri Rao Vemparala;Dhafer Almakhles;Kumaravel S.;Mahmoud F. Elmorshedy","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3536032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3536032","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional quadratic boost converter produces a high voltage gain. However, it has drawbacks, like switch voltage stress equal to the output voltage of the converter. This research introduced a novel approach: a scalable high-voltage gain converter strategically designed to address the voltage stress experienced by the switch and achieve a noteworthy reduction. This voltage stress reduction is applicable to all the stages of the proposed converter. It is worth highlighting that the converter ensures continuous input current and is configured with a common input and output ground, further enhancing its practicality. This study delves into an exhaustive steady-state analysis covering both the continuous and discontinuous conduction modes and the nonideal model. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative analysis is presented, pitting the design and performance of the proposed converter against their recent high-gain counterparts. To evaluate dynamic performance, a small signal model is created. To confirm the dynamic and steady-state performance, a prototype of the proposed converter configuration is fabricated and tested, achieving a 48- to 650-V conversion and delivering 500 W of output power.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"277-289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10857397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research introduces an automated system for cattle monitoring and calving time prediction, utilizing trajectory data embedded with time-series analysis. Designed for large-scale farms, our system offers continuous 12-h monitoring, ensuring precise capture of cattle movements. By utilizing time series analysis on the trajectory data, our system predicts calving events in advance, effectively distinguishing between abnormal (requiring human assistance) and normal (not requiring assistance) for each cow. We utilized 360° surveillance cameras to provide comprehensive coverage without disturbing the cattle's natural behavior. We employed tailored versions of the Detectron2 and YOLOv8 models to achieve efficient and precise cattle detection, comparing their performance in terms of missed detections and false detections. For tracking, we used our customized tracking algorithm, which minimizes ID switching and ensures continuous identification even in challenging conditions such as occlusions. While some ID switching errors still occur over extended tracking periods, we integrated tracking and identification to further optimize the handling of track IDs and global IDs. Our system incorporates a 4-h forecasting of cattle movement using Euclidean fluctuating summation (EFS) feature combined with our custom long short-term memory model. Experimental results demonstrate a detection accuracy of 98.70%, tracking and identification accuracy of 99.18%, and forecasting with an average error rate of 14.07%. Furthermore, the system accurately classifies cattle as either normal or abnormal and predicts calving events a 4-h in advance using the EFS feature, comparing its performance with various machine learning algorithms. The system's seamless integration significantly enhances farm management and animal welfare.
本研究利用嵌入时间序列分析的轨迹数据，介绍了一种用于牛群监测和产犊时间预测的自动化系统。我们的系统专为大规模农场设计，可提供连续 12 小时的监测，确保精确捕捉牛群的运动轨迹。通过对轨迹数据进行时间序列分析，我们的系统可以提前预测产犊事件，有效区分每头奶牛的异常（需要人工帮助）和正常（不需要帮助）。我们利用 360° 监控摄像机提供全面覆盖，同时不会干扰牛的自然行为。我们采用了量身定制的 Detectron2 和 YOLOv8 模型，以实现高效、精确的牛群检测，并比较了它们在漏检和误检方面的性能。在跟踪方面，我们使用了定制的跟踪算法，该算法最大程度地减少了 ID 切换，即使在遮挡等困难条件下也能确保持续识别。虽然在长时间跟踪过程中仍会出现一些 ID 切换错误，但我们整合了跟踪和识别功能，进一步优化了轨道 ID 和全局 ID 的处理。我们的系统利用欧氏波动求和（EFS）特征，结合自定义的长短期记忆模型，对牛的运动进行了 4 小时的预测。实验结果表明，检测准确率为 98.70%，跟踪和识别准确率为 99.18%，预测平均错误率为 14.07%。此外，该系统还准确地将牛分类为正常或异常，并利用 EFS 特征提前 4 小时预测产犊事件，将其性能与各种机器学习算法进行了比较。该系统的无缝集成大大提高了农场管理和动物福利。
{"title":"Automated Cattle Monitoring System for Calving Time Prediction Using Trajectory Data Embedded Time Series Analysis","authors":"Wai Hnin Eaindrar Mg;Thi Thi Zin;Pyke Tin;Masaru Aikawa;Kazayuki Honkawa;Yoichiro Horii","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3533663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3533663","url":null,"abstract":"This research introduces an automated system for cattle monitoring and calving time prediction, utilizing trajectory data embedded with time-series analysis. Designed for large-scale farms, our system offers continuous 12-h monitoring, ensuring precise capture of cattle movements. By utilizing time series analysis on the trajectory data, our system predicts calving events in advance, effectively distinguishing between abnormal (requiring human assistance) and normal (not requiring assistance) for each cow. We utilized 360° surveillance cameras to provide comprehensive coverage without disturbing the cattle's natural behavior. We employed tailored versions of the Detectron2 and YOLOv8 models to achieve efficient and precise cattle detection, comparing their performance in terms of missed detections and false detections. For tracking, we used our customized tracking algorithm, which minimizes ID switching and ensures continuous identification even in challenging conditions such as occlusions. While some ID switching errors still occur over extended tracking periods, we integrated tracking and identification to further optimize the handling of track IDs and global IDs. Our system incorporates a 4-h forecasting of cattle movement using Euclidean fluctuating summation (EFS) feature combined with our custom long short-term memory model. Experimental results demonstrate a detection accuracy of 98.70%, tracking and identification accuracy of 99.18%, and forecasting with an average error rate of 14.07%. Furthermore, the system accurately classifies cattle as either normal or abnormal and predicts calving events a 4-h in advance using the EFS feature, comparing its performance with various machine learning algorithms. The system's seamless integration significantly enhances farm management and animal welfare.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"216-234"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10856329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3533022
Angel Perez-Basante;Asier Gil de Muro;Ander Ordono;Salvador Ceballos;Eneko Unamuno;Jon Andoni Barrena
Utility-scale battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are currently being used to provide auxiliary services, such as frequency regulation, peak shaving, or grid balancing, among others. Hybrid ac/dc distribution grids where the BESS systems are connected in the dc side and the dc/ac interface is implemented through a grid forming (GF) converter are currently researched. These solutions combine the benefits given by the dc distribution and the possibility to provide emulated inertia and damping to the system through the use of GF control techniques. This article presents a novel tuning method, based on small signal analysis, for the configuration parameters of a dual-side GF controller. It aims to minimize the dynamic performance difference between the dual-side and ideal GF controllers, thus ensuring that the dual-side GF provides the expected support to the grid in terms of inertia, damping and primary response, while simultaneously controlling the dc voltage. This is achieved through the optimum tuning of the supplementary dc voltage regulator embedded in the dual-side GF controller. Real-time estimation of the optimum controller gains by making use of an artificial neural network is proposed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the method.
{"title":"A Tuning Method for the Supplementary Voltage Controller of Dual-Side Grid Forming Converters in Distributed Storage Systems","authors":"Angel Perez-Basante;Asier Gil de Muro;Ander Ordono;Salvador Ceballos;Eneko Unamuno;Jon Andoni Barrena","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3533022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3533022","url":null,"abstract":"Utility-scale battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are currently being used to provide auxiliary services, such as frequency regulation, peak shaving, or grid balancing, among others. Hybrid ac/dc distribution grids where the BESS systems are connected in the dc side and the dc/ac interface is implemented through a grid forming (GF) converter are currently researched. These solutions combine the benefits given by the dc distribution and the possibility to provide emulated inertia and damping to the system through the use of GF control techniques. This article presents a novel tuning method, based on small signal analysis, for the configuration parameters of a dual-side GF controller. It aims to minimize the dynamic performance difference between the dual-side and ideal GF controllers, thus ensuring that the dual-side GF provides the expected support to the grid in terms of inertia, damping and primary response, while simultaneously controlling the dc voltage. This is achieved through the optimum tuning of the supplementary dc voltage regulator embedded in the dual-side GF controller. Real-time estimation of the optimum controller gains by making use of an artificial neural network is proposed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the method.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"202-215"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10850770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3532664
Salman Javed;Cristina Paniagua;Imran Javed;Jan van Deventer;Jerker Delsing
The rapid evolution of manufacturing processes driven by Industry 4.0 demands systems capable of quickly adapting to dynamic market conditions and evolving customer needs. Agile manufacturing emphasizes flexibility, adaptability, and real-time responsiveness, posing challenges in run-time value chain analysis (VCA), including cost flows and production times. This article presents a novel two-stage VCA approach using an activity-based costing mechanism via microservices to address these challenges. The VCA system enables real-time cost accounting and decision-making, supporting both pre and postproduction VCA, contrasting with traditional methods that rely on historical data. The first stage involves top–down cost calculations from resources to microservices. In contrast, the second focuses on constructing efficient manufacturing activities based on product requirements, allowing for granular analysis of costs and production times across microservices, activities, broader business processes, and finally, cost objects (e.g., customized products, batches of products, or customer invoices). The approach is validated through a proof-of-concept implementation of the VCA system integrated with the Eclipse Arrowhead framework and simulating Fischertechnik indexed line milling, drilling, and conveying operations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in providing detailed insights into costs and production times, enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of agile manufacturers.
{"title":"Run-Time Value Chain Analysis and Cost Accounting via Microservices in Agile Manufacturing","authors":"Salman Javed;Cristina Paniagua;Imran Javed;Jan van Deventer;Jerker Delsing","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3532664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3532664","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid evolution of manufacturing processes driven by Industry 4.0 demands systems capable of quickly adapting to dynamic market conditions and evolving customer needs. Agile manufacturing emphasizes flexibility, adaptability, and real-time responsiveness, posing challenges in run-time value chain analysis (VCA), including cost flows and production times. This article presents a novel two-stage VCA approach using an activity-based costing mechanism via microservices to address these challenges. The VCA system enables real-time cost accounting and decision-making, supporting both pre and postproduction VCA, contrasting with traditional methods that rely on historical data. The first stage involves top–down cost calculations from resources to microservices. In contrast, the second focuses on constructing efficient manufacturing activities based on product requirements, allowing for granular analysis of costs and production times across microservices, activities, broader business processes, and finally, cost objects (e.g., customized products, batches of products, or customer invoices). The approach is validated through a proof-of-concept implementation of the VCA system integrated with the Eclipse Arrowhead framework and simulating Fischertechnik indexed line milling, drilling, and conveying operations. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in providing detailed insights into costs and production times, enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of agile manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"181-201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10849611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-22DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3532517
Norbert R. Klaes;Jens Fortmann
European grid operators in ENTSO-E and others with a significant amount of inverter-based generation are experiencing a reduction in system inertia and short-circuit power. The changes in these key parameters are due to both an increasing number of inverter-based resources and also STATCOMS and HVDC terminals operating in a grid-following mode. Grid-forming control is a promising technology for renewable energy resources to provide appropriate grid support. However, wind energy and photovoltaic units cannot increase their active power output when operating in a maximum power point mode, as it would be needed for full grid-forming operation. Both operating at less than optimum power output or adding storage would increase the cost of generation. This article proposes extensions to the grid-forming control of inverter-based energy resources without energy storage. This would limit grid supporting nature for positive frequency or phase changes only. The proposed extensions give grid-forming control the necessary immunity to negative frequency or phase changes without the need to rely on a fast phase-locked loop or fast current control loops. This proposed control scheme has been used to evaluate the response to grid disturbances given in the ENTSO-E Phase I report of the task force grid-forming control published in April 2024.
{"title":"Immunity of Grid-Forming Control Without Energy Storage to Transient Changes of Grid Frequency and Phase","authors":"Norbert R. Klaes;Jens Fortmann","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3532517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3532517","url":null,"abstract":"European grid operators in ENTSO-E and others with a significant amount of inverter-based generation are experiencing a reduction in system inertia and short-circuit power. The changes in these key parameters are due to both an increasing number of inverter-based resources and also STATCOMS and HVDC terminals operating in a grid-following mode. Grid-forming control is a promising technology for renewable energy resources to provide appropriate grid support. However, wind energy and photovoltaic units cannot increase their active power output when operating in a maximum power point mode, as it would be needed for full grid-forming operation. Both operating at less than optimum power output or adding storage would increase the cost of generation. This article proposes extensions to the grid-forming control of inverter-based energy resources without energy storage. This would limit grid supporting nature for positive frequency or phase changes only. The proposed extensions give grid-forming control the necessary immunity to negative frequency or phase changes without the need to rely on a fast phase-locked loop or fast current control loops. This proposed control scheme has been used to evaluate the response to grid disturbances given in the ENTSO-E Phase I report of the task force grid-forming control published in April 2024.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"265-276"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10849619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3531738
{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society Vol. 5","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3531738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3531738","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10847312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142992884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3532095
Robin van der Sande;Aditya Shekhar;Pavol Bauer
Targeting a climate-neutral maritime sector drives the adoption of the all-electric ship (AES). While AESs can utilize both ac and dc shipboard power systems (SPS), a dc system offers advantages in efficiency, power density, and source synchronization. However, the enhanced network complexity of dc grids combined with the high penetration of power electronic devices and harsh environmental conditions can compromise the system's reliability. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the reliability aspect of dc-SPSs, addressing the power system design, adequacy assessment, and reliability improvement. First, the performance tradeoffs associated with the SPS design are examined, revealing how changes in the power system topology and dc bus structure impact the vessel's reliability along with other performance parameters. Second, a hierarchical reliability model framework is proposed for the adequacy assessment of dc-SPSs, considering the reliability from the component level up to the system level. To determine the system-level reliability, multiple probabilistic methods, including simulation and analytical models, are compared using a propulsion subsystem example. Finally, an overview of the reliability improvement strategies is provided, addressing methods at the system, device, and component level. These three topics combined aim to provide guidance in the design of future reliable dc-SPSs.
{"title":"Reliable DC Shipboard Power Systems—Design, Assessment, and Improvement","authors":"Robin van der Sande;Aditya Shekhar;Pavol Bauer","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3532095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3532095","url":null,"abstract":"Targeting a climate-neutral maritime sector drives the adoption of the all-electric ship (AES). While AESs can utilize both ac and dc shipboard power systems (SPS), a dc system offers advantages in efficiency, power density, and source synchronization. However, the enhanced network complexity of dc grids combined with the high penetration of power electronic devices and harsh environmental conditions can compromise the system's reliability. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the reliability aspect of dc-SPSs, addressing the power system design, adequacy assessment, and reliability improvement. First, the performance tradeoffs associated with the SPS design are examined, revealing how changes in the power system topology and dc bus structure impact the vessel's reliability along with other performance parameters. Second, a hierarchical reliability model framework is proposed for the adequacy assessment of dc-SPSs, considering the reliability from the component level up to the system level. To determine the system-level reliability, multiple probabilistic methods, including simulation and analytical models, are compared using a propulsion subsystem example. Finally, an overview of the reliability improvement strategies is provided, addressing methods at the system, device, and component level. These three topics combined aim to provide guidance in the design of future reliable dc-SPSs.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"235-264"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10848163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2025.3531233
Dmitry Rimorov;James Richard Forbes;Olivier Tremblay;Richard Gagnon
Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation infrastructure is an invaluable tool for testing and validating emerging technologies expected to be connected to power grids. As such, PHIL closed-loop stability is a crucial factor to consider when designing its numerical interface. Recent work has shown that the transmission line method provides a robust solution to the PHIL interface stability problem while achieving a high level of PHIL closed-loop performance. However, to fully utilize its advantages, it requires a fast impedance emulation control loop. To solve this problem, this article proposes an $mathcal {H}_{infty }$ optimal filter approach for characteristic impedance emulation, which allows a systematic and tractable design procedure and produces a robust controller. Robust stability and performance are assessed through the positive realness check and by virtue of the structured singular value. The proposed method and the resulting controller are compared to an existing approach and validated on a 3-kVA, 208-V PHIL experimental testbed with different types of the device under test, including a residential solar inverter. The results demonstrate significant performance improvements that are crucial for the future megawatt-scale PHIL infrastructure.
{"title":"Robust Impedance Emulation for Transmission Line Interface in Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Applications: Optimal Filter Approach","authors":"Dmitry Rimorov;James Richard Forbes;Olivier Tremblay;Richard Gagnon","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2025.3531233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2025.3531233","url":null,"abstract":"Power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation infrastructure is an invaluable tool for testing and validating emerging technologies expected to be connected to power grids. As such, PHIL closed-loop stability is a crucial factor to consider when designing its numerical interface. Recent work has shown that the transmission line method provides a robust solution to the PHIL interface stability problem while achieving a high level of PHIL closed-loop performance. However, to fully utilize its advantages, it requires a fast impedance emulation control loop. To solve this problem, this article proposes an <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathcal {H}_{infty }$</tex-math></inline-formula> optimal filter approach for characteristic impedance emulation, which allows a systematic and tractable design procedure and produces a robust controller. Robust stability and performance are assessed through the positive realness check and by virtue of the structured singular value. The proposed method and the resulting controller are compared to an existing approach and validated on a 3-kVA, 208-V PHIL experimental testbed with different types of the device under test, including a residential solar inverter. The results demonstrate significant performance improvements that are crucial for the future megawatt-scale PHIL infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"6 ","pages":"158-169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10844502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1109/OJIES.2024.3360071
{"title":"IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJIES.2024.3360071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2024.3360071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52675,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society","volume":"5 ","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10843406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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