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Sociological analysis of remote work as a new format of current population employment in Russia 远程工作作为当前俄罗斯人口就业新形式的社会学分析
Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-3-68-75
E. O. Zapoleva, A. Simonova, V. Pit
The article discusses remote work as a subject of scientific research, describes the factors stimulating the development of distance employment and substantiates the need for a sociological study of this phenomenon in view of the high potential for the impact of changes in forms of employment not only on the labor market, but also on other social structures. Sociologists extremely rarely consider the remote work, despite the increased relevance in recent years, as a subject of study. Scientific publications devoted to remote work as the main type of employment, as a rule, relate to personnel management issues. However, it should be noted that changes in the structure of employment can also affect other social institutions, processes and relationships: the institution of the family, domestic relations, social and professional communications, social mobility, and the very relationship of a person to work. The authors have conducted preliminary monitoring of the media and blogosphere in the Tyumen region and come to the conclusion that, as of today, the applied research methods do not allow to fully reveal the impact of remote employment on all spheres of social life and describe the trends. Therefore, an in-depth sociological analysis of telecommuting with the help of in-depth interviews, interviews with experts, questionnaires to specialists employed in the labor market and representatives of the authorities is required to identify trends, prospects and social consequences.
本文讨论了远程工作作为一个科学研究主题,描述了刺激远程就业发展的因素,并证实了对这一现象进行社会学研究的必要性,因为就业形式的变化不仅对劳动力市场,而且对其他社会结构都有很高的影响潜力。社会学家很少将远程工作视为一个研究主题,尽管近年来远程工作的相关性越来越大。通常,专门讨论远程工作作为主要就业类型的科学出版物涉及人事管理问题。然而,应该指出的是,就业结构的变化也会影响其他社会制度、过程和关系:家庭制度、家庭关系、社会和职业交流、社会流动性,以及一个人与工作的关系。作者对秋明地区的媒体和博客圈进行了初步监测,得出的结论是,截至目前,应用研究方法无法充分揭示远程就业对社会生活各个领域的影响并描述趋势。因此,需要借助深入访谈、专家访谈、劳动力市场专家和当局代表的问卷调查,对远程办公进行深入的社会学分析,以确定趋势、前景和社会后果。
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引用次数: 0
Needs of persons with disabilities for competences that expand employment opportunities in the conditions of society digitalisation 在社会数字化条件下,残疾人对扩大就业机会的能力的需求
Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-3-76-87
V. Kozlov, D. Romanenkova
The article examines the needs of students and graduates of universities from among persons with disabilities in additional professional competencies necessary for successful employment in the context of the society digitalisation. The empirical base was the materials of a survey on a representative sample of 140 final year students and graduates with disabilities from the Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Kurgan regions. As a result, professional competencies were identified that expand their employment opportunities for people in this category: practical professional skills; professional knowledge in the subject area; digital competencies and information technology skills; the ability to work in the media space, including social networks; knowledge of interaction technologies, self-presentation and effective communication; the ability to tell a wide audience about their services, skills, about themselves as a specialist; the ability to promote themselves, their professional competencies and services. The authors of the article substantiate the need to obtain such competencies within the framework of additional professional education. It has been established under what conditions graduates and students with disabilities are ready to receive the additional professional education they need, how the assessments of these competencies differ in groups according to the formation of competencies, employment, disability, types of health disorders and gender. The results of this study indicate the importance of digital competencies for persons with disabilities in current conditions, they are significant for further study of this problem, the implementation of additional professional education programmes.
文章探讨了残疾大学生和大学毕业生在社会数字化背景下成功就业所需的额外专业能力的需求。实证基础是对来自斯维尔德洛夫斯克、车里雅宾斯克和库尔干地区的140名残疾学生和毕业生的代表性样本的调查材料。结果,确定了专业能力,扩大了这一类人的就业机会:实用的专业技能;学科领域的专业知识;数字能力和信息技术技能;具备在媒体领域工作的能力,包括社交网络;了解互动技术、自我表达和有效沟通;有能力向广大受众介绍他们的服务、技能和作为专家的自己;能够提升自己,他们的专业能力和服务。这篇文章的作者证实了在额外的专业教育框架内获得这种能力的必要性。已经确定了毕业生和残疾学生在什么条件下准备接受他们所需的额外专业教育,这些能力的评估如何根据能力的形成、就业、残疾、健康障碍类型和性别而在群体中有所不同。本研究的结果表明,在当前条件下,数字能力对残疾人的重要性,它们对进一步研究这一问题,实施额外的专业教育计划具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Strategies for using online health communities by elderly people in rural areas 农村地区老年人使用在线健康社区的策略
Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-3-88-96
K. Galkin
The article considers the older people integration into online health communities. The author explored the role of such communities in constructing new types of sociality between older people, where online communities become intermediary actors structuring and changing the usual practices of everyday life and setting special context for older people’s communication. This study contributes to the study of the possibilities and limitations of online communities use in the context of the of older people lives with chronic illnesses in rural areas. For the people in focus, these communities can make up for the lack of communication often experienced by people who live in areas remote from major population centers and health centers. The importance of online communities is determined by the fact that it is often difficult for an older person in peripheral settlements to get the necessary advice or recommendation from a doctor, and communication in online health communities and medical forums compensates for this deficit, which is important in the treatment of the disease. Based on a study of groups of older people participating in online forums, different strategies for using online communities have been typified. In particular, three strategies have been identified: communication, using and observation. For each of them, the features of the use of online communities are outlined, as well as the role of such communities in everyday life. Usage and observation strategies are characterised by the fact that users are integrated into online communities mainly for treatment information and counselling, while for representatives of the communication strategy the communicative component is the most important, serving to discuss a variety of issues within rural life, including health, as well as therapeutic communication. This study contributes to the study of the possibilities and limitations of online communities in the context of the lives of older people with chronic illnesses in rural areas.
这篇文章考虑了老年人融入在线健康社区的问题。作者探讨了这些社区在构建老年人之间新型社会性方面的作用,在这种社会性中,在线社区成为构建和改变日常生活惯例的中介角色,并为老年人的交流设定了特殊的背景。这项研究有助于研究在农村地区患有慢性病的老年人的背景下使用在线社区的可能性和局限性。对于重点人群来说,这些社区可以弥补居住在远离主要人口中心和卫生中心地区的人们经常经历的沟通不足。在线社区的重要性取决于这样一个事实,即周边地区的老年人通常很难从医生那里获得必要的建议或建议,而在线健康社区和医学论坛的沟通弥补了这一不足,这对疾病的治疗很重要。根据对参与在线论坛的老年人群体的研究,使用在线社区的不同策略已被典型化。特别是,已经确定了三种战略:交流、使用和观察。对于每一个社区,都概述了在线社区的使用特点,以及这些社区在日常生活中的作用。使用和观察策略的特点是,用户融入在线社区主要是为了获得治疗信息和咨询,而对于沟通策略的代表来说,沟通部分是最重要的,用于讨论农村生活中的各种问题,包括健康和治疗沟通。这项研究有助于研究网络社区在农村地区患有慢性病的老年人生活中的可能性和局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Commercial organisations head’s innovative competencies model 商业组织负责人的创新能力模型
Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-3-31-37
M. S. Blokhina
Digitalisation and the innovative economy have generated many social processes and transformations, and set many tasks. These changes were especially clearly reflected in the professional activities of the commercial sector heads. Today, they can no longer perform their duties effectively, having only general cultural and professional competencies in their portfolio. The formation of different, new type competencies is required. However, we are not talking about disparate, separate skills and abilities, the sporadic description of which is found in professional standards or requirements for vacancies in the positions of top managers. There is a need for the formation and development of competencies among the heads of commercial organisations responsible for the birth of innovations and involvement in the processes of the innovative economy. Sociological researchers are faced with the tasks of defining this concept, detailed description of innovative competences, their distinctive features from competences of other types, systematization and grouping. The article presents the author’s model of innovative competencies obtained as a result of sociological research “The role of innovative competencies in professional activity of managers of commercial organisations”. The model can serve as a basis for further research in this field and development of this direction of sociology.
数字化和创新经济催生了许多社会进程和变革,也提出了许多任务。这些变化特别清楚地反映在商业部门负责人的专业活动中。今天,他们不能再有效地履行他们的职责,在他们的组合中只有一般的文化和专业能力。需要形成不同的、新型的胜任力。然而,我们不是在谈论完全不同的、单独的技能和能力,在专业标准或高级管理人员职位空缺的要求中,对这些技能和能力的描述是零星的。有必要在负责创新诞生和参与创新经济进程的商业组织负责人之间形成和发展能力。社会学研究者面临的任务是界定创新能力的概念、详细描述创新能力、创新能力区别于其他类型能力的特点、系统化和分组化。本文介绍了作者在社会学研究“创新能力在商业组织管理者职业活动中的作用”中获得的创新能力模型。该模型可以作为该领域进一步研究和社会学发展方向的基础。
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引用次数: 1
The use of big data in interdisciplinary research on example of the Greater Mediterranean macroregion 大数据在跨学科研究中的应用——以大地中海宏观区域为例
Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-3-24-30
O. Yarmak, T. Zharkova, D. Sarkisov
Big data collection and analysis technologies are being intensively introduced into the social, economic and political spheres in countries and macroregions, including the Mediterranean region. This fact actualises the prospects of interdisciplinary research at the intersection of sociology, political science and regional studies. The article examines the benefits and risks of using these technologies in listed areas, taking Spain and the Middle East as examples. Among the main problems and threats, the authors consider the following: personal data confidentiality breach, and increased data manipulation for political purposes, the emergence of illegitimate forms of citizens self-organisation, the transition of Internet users to anonymous accounts due to the practice of “privatization” of personal data by non-state and terrorist groups in regional spaces, preventing the qualitative collection of data. The need to solve these problems at the international level was noted. The range of possibilities offered by working with big data to provide pragmatic and effective socio-political forecasting and operational regional studies is shown.
大数据收集和分析技术正被密集引入包括地中海地区在内的国家和宏观区域的社会、经济和政治领域。这一事实实现了社会学、政治学和区域研究交叉学科研究的前景。本文以西班牙和中东为例,探讨了在所列领域使用这些技术的好处和风险。在主要问题和威胁中,作者认为以下几点:个人数据保密漏洞,出于政治目的的数据操纵增加,公民自我组织的非法形式的出现,由于非国家和恐怖组织在区域空间对个人数据进行“私有化”,阻止了数据的定性收集,互联网用户向匿名账户的过渡。有人指出,必须在国际一级解决这些问题。显示了利用大数据提供务实有效的社会政治预测和操作性区域研究的可能性范围。
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引用次数: 1
Verbal behaviour as an indicator of personnel wellbeing 言语行为作为员工幸福感的指标
Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-3-38-44
T. Putilovskaya, G. Kassymova, E. V. Zubareva
The article examines one of the possible applications of speech activity theory and the text psychological structure as the product of this activity to the research of personnel wellbeing. Very often, an employee’s wellbeing status is inaccessible to management. The idea is that the verbal behaviour psychological pattern can be used as an indicator of employee wellbeing status perception. The authors’ aim was to develop a text analysis model to be used for revealing the peculiarities of wellbeing perception status; to determine the most diagnostic parameters of the model; and to apply them to the personnel wellbeing assessment. The authors’ conclusions are based on analyzing numerous personnel speech samples, which show how the model functions as an instrument for measuring the real quality of wellbeing status perception and how diagnostic the proposed model parameters are. The research of speech samples, which belong to university foreign language trainers from Russia and Kazakhstan, allows us to describe a typical teacher who is not satisfied with career opportunities available, the level of salary and constant management pressure. The results of the study can be applied to practical human resource management and the development of new ways of motivating and training employees in any professional field.
本文探讨了言语活动理论及其产生的语篇心理结构在人员幸福感研究中的一种可能应用。管理层往往无法了解员工的健康状况。这个想法是,言语行为的心理模式可以作为员工健康状态感知的一个指标。作者的目的是开发一个文本分析模型,用于揭示幸福感知状态的特殊性;确定模型的大多数诊断参数;并将其应用于人员幸福感评估。作者的结论是基于对大量人员语音样本的分析,这些样本显示了该模型如何作为测量幸福状态感知真实质量的工具,以及所提出的模型参数的诊断性。通过对来自俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦的大学外语培训师的语音样本的研究,我们可以描述一个典型的教师,他对现有的职业机会、薪酬水平和持续的管理压力不满意。研究结果可以应用于实际的人力资源管理,并在任何专业领域开发新的激励和培训员工的方法。
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引用次数: 0
The role of the educational psychologist in organisation in identifying and correcting destructive social deviance among adolescents in the context of digitalisation 教育心理学家在组织中识别和纠正数字化背景下青少年破坏性社会越轨行为的作用
Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-3-14-23
V. Popov, A. V. Erokhina, S. V. Cherkasova
The article deals with the activities of a psychologist-educator and his role in relation to the problem of student deviation in the digitalisation context and the widespread use of the Internet. A comprehensive analysis of adolescent deviations and various aspects of dealing with students’ destructive behavior and with their parents using knowledge from different subject areas – law, sociology, psychology, medicine, pedagogy, has been conducted. The features and characteristics of adolescence are considered, and the factors influencing the formation of deviant behavior, including medical ones, are identified. The role of the educational organisation’s psychologist in identifying and correcting learners behavior destructive forms is outlined. The necessary ratio between the staff of psychologists and medical specialists and the students number in educational organisations is given. As a result of the analysis of the current legislation, the shortcomings of certain legal provisions and the need to change them in destructive behavior prevention part were noted. Recommendations for professionals in the helping professions have been developed and projected positive results of the outlined activities have been given. The authors’ conceptual findings are applicable to creating a safe and supportive environment for learners, reducing juvenile delinquency and amending legislation.
本文论述了一位心理学家教育家的活动,以及他在数字化背景下和互联网广泛使用下解决学生偏差问题方面的作用。利用法律、社会学、心理学、医学、教育学等不同学科领域的知识,对青少年的偏差以及处理学生破坏行为的各个方面以及与父母的关系进行了全面分析。考虑了青少年的特点和特点,确定了影响越轨行为形成的因素,包括医学因素。概述了教育组织的心理学家在识别和纠正学习者行为破坏形式方面的作用。给出了心理学家和医学专家的工作人员与教育机构学生人数之间的必要比例。通过对现行立法的分析,指出了破坏行为预防部分某些法律规定的不足和需要修改的地方。已经为帮助专业的专业人员制定了建议,并预计所概述的活动将取得积极成果。作者的概念性研究结果适用于为学习者创造一个安全和支持性的环境,减少青少年犯罪和修改立法。
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引用次数: 0
Electronic petitions in France on the material of Change.org, a non-governmental e-petition platform 法国非政府电子请愿平台Change.org材料上的电子请愿书
Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-3-45-56
K. V. Bannikov, N. Radina, O. Smirnova, D. V. Shavarova
The article presents the results of an empirical study on electronic petitions posted on the Change.org French-speaking segment, geographically linked to France. The relevance of the topic is due to the intervention of modern information and communication technologies in political reality and the need for scientific reflection of the consequences of digital changes in political processes. The authors of the article analyse the regional particularities of the online petition activity by the inhabitants of France on the material of 15 887 electronic petitions (January 2015 – October 2017), 570 of which are petitions with the status of “victory” (4 %). The authors note that the European territories of France form three main groups of online petition activity (with low, medium and high petition activity). Residents of France most often relate to social problems (social security, health care and education) in electronic petitions. In addition, Change.org is actively registering electronic petitions on issues related to crime and terrorism, discrimination, the environment, the economy and animal welfare. Electronic petitions about problems of culture, sports and problems of confessional relations are recorded relatively rarely. The greatest response from the recipients of the petition is caused by problems in the social sphere, education and health. The French society, through the prism of activity on the non-governmental Internet resource Change.org, appears as a modern society with post-industrial values, preoccupied with security issues, in an active and relatively productive dialogue with its political and business elite.
这篇文章介绍了一项关于电子请愿书的实证研究结果,该研究发布在Change.org法语区,地理位置与法国相连。该专题的相关性是由于现代信息和通信技术对政治现实的干预,以及需要科学地反映政治进程中数字变化的后果。文章作者根据15887份电子请愿书(2015年1月至2017年10月)的材料,分析了法国居民在线请愿活动的地区特征,其中570份请愿书具有“胜利”状态(4%)。作者指出,法国的欧洲领土构成了在线请愿活动的三个主要群体(低请愿活动、中请愿活动和高请愿活动)。法国居民通常在电子请愿书中涉及社会问题(社会保障、医疗保健和教育)。此外,Change.org正在积极登记关于犯罪和恐怖主义、歧视、环境、经济和动物福利等问题的电子请愿书。关于文化、体育和忏悔关系问题的电子请愿书记录相对较少。请愿书接受者的最大反应是社会领域、教育和卫生方面的问题。通过非政府互联网资源Change.org上的活动棱镜,法国社会似乎是一个具有后工业价值观的现代社会,专注于安全问题,并与其政治和商业精英进行了积极和相对富有成效的对话。
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引用次数: 0
Privacy virtualisation as an element of the new gender order 隐私虚拟化作为新性别秩序的一个要素
Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-3-4-13
A. Shvetsova
 The article is analysed the privacy virtualisation phenomenon, which has become a trend in the digital world. Considering virtual communication practices in the context of global sociality transformations, the author shows that their impact on gender relations is progressive; the formats differ in structural and content diversity. The overview of the most important world studies in virtuality sociology is presented. They have in common is the concern of scholars about the substitution of real interpersonal relationships by virtual ones, the blurring of boundaries between these life layers with the social loneliness growth. The methodological basis is the gender approach and its private concept – the theory of changing the gender order, within which the rules and norms regulating the private sphere are conceptualized as variable, changeable and having socio-cultural conditioning. The author proposes a theoretical model of the mechanism for choosing a virtual partner, supported by the results of an online survey, analyses the features of the formation and development of virtual relations, the possibility of moving to the real plane, depending on the motivation of actors and trust in the virtual partner. Some trends in the development of virtual private practices are noted, including the development of artificial sociality, control of the digital footprint and communication with virtual agents.
本文分析了隐私虚拟化现象,这已成为数字世界的一种趋势。考虑到全球社会性变革背景下的虚拟交流实践,作者表明它们对性别关系的影响是渐进的;格式在结构和内容多样性方面有所不同。概述了虚拟社会学中最重要的世界研究。他们的共同点是,学者们担心虚拟人际关系取代了真实的人际关系,随着社会孤独感的增长,这些生活层之间的界限变得模糊。方法论的基础是性别方法及其私人概念——改变性别秩序的理论,在这一理论中,规范私人领域的规则和规范被概念化为可变的、可变的和具有社会文化条件的。作者提出了一个虚拟伴侣选择机制的理论模型,并以一项在线调查的结果为支持,分析了虚拟关系的形成和发展特点,以及根据参与者的动机和对虚拟伴侣的信任,向现实平面移动的可能性。指出了虚拟私人实践发展的一些趋势,包括人工社会性的发展、数字足迹的控制以及与虚拟代理的通信。
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引用次数: 0
What should public governance be: review on the book: Zotov V. V. [ed.] (2021), Public administration in a digital society: to a new social contract: monograph, University Book, Kursk, Russia (in Russian) 公共治理应该是什么:对该书的评论:Zotov V.V.【ed.】(2021),《数字社会中的公共管理:到新的社会契约:专著》,俄罗斯库尔斯克大学出版社(俄语)
Pub Date : 2022-07-24 DOI: 10.26425/2658-347x-2022-5-2-87-92
R. N. Korchagin
   A review of the monograph “Public administration in a digital society: to a new social contract” is presented. The book under review is devoted to the development of a scientifically based concept of the social contract of the digital society. According to the authors, the modern period of state development, the period of searching for better and more targeted forms of interaction between the authorities and the population significantly expands the possibilities of mass participation of the population in state governance using information and telecommunication technologies. The authors make the conclusion that humanity is in the widest range of options – from strengthening the tendencies of the state, whose supervisory functions may be too total in relation to the person, to digital consensus democracy, when citizens are able to reach agreements on a wide range of socially significant tasks. The book proposes the use of digital network platforms as communication platforms that ensure the establishment of a certain level of trust between citizens and the population. This is a research publication, that introduces the government and municipal employees, representatives of science, education and of public organisations and political parties, all interested in the range of modern problems of social development in the context of the digital transformation of most public spheres and the public administration transformation.
综述了专著《数字社会中的公共管理:新的社会契约》。正在审查的这本书致力于发展基于科学的数字社会社会契约概念。根据作者的说法,国家发展的现代时期,即寻求当局与民众之间更好、更有针对性的互动形式的时期,极大地扩大了民众利用信息和电信技术大规模参与国家治理的可能性。作者得出的结论是,人类有最广泛的选择——从加强国家的倾向,国家的监督职能可能对个人过于全面,到数字共识民主,公民能够就一系列具有社会意义的任务达成一致。该书建议使用数字网络平台作为通信平台,确保公民和民众之间建立一定程度的信任。这是一份研究出版物,介绍了政府和市政雇员、科学、教育、公共组织和政党的代表,他们都对大多数公共领域数字化转型和公共行政转型背景下的一系列现代社会发展问题感兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
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Tsifrovaia sotsiologiia
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