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egs++: Optimization of Simulation Transport Parameters egs++:模拟传输参数的优化
Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.25077/jif.15.1.66-72.2023
S. Yani
MC transport parameters used are common to all egs++ applications. The effect of each transport parameter need to understand to optimize the simulation process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of egs++ simulation for different transport parameters in water phantom. This water phantom has built using slab. Collimated source defined 100 cm above the phantom. The simulation parameters such as the efficiency, statistical uncertainty, and accuracy of selecting transport parameters such as electron and photon cut-off energies, spin effects, atomic relaxations, and bound Compton scattering was investigated. The selection of ECUT and PCUT greatly affects the simulation time. The simulation time, efficiency and energy fractions have same value for varied ECUT except for 0.521 MeV. The energy fraction have been shifted but the simulation time and efficiency were same. Turning on spin effects in this simulation increases simulation time by 25%. The simulation time increases by about 15% when relaxations are turned on. The more accurate result of deposited energy using EGSnrc algorithm is about 30% slower than the less accurate PRESTA-I algorithm. Therefore, The optimization of transport parameters is needed in the simulation of egs++ to provide the best efficiency.
使用的MC传输参数对所有的egg++应用程序都是通用的。需要了解各个传输参数的影响,以优化仿真过程。因此,本研究的目的是研究egs++模拟在水幻影中不同传输参数下的效率。这个水幻影是用平板建造的。准直光源定义在幻影上方100厘米处。研究了电子和光子截止能、自旋效应、原子弛豫和束缚康普顿散射等输运参数选择的效率、统计不确定性和精度等模拟参数。ECUT和PCUT的选择对仿真时间影响很大。除0.521 MeV外,不同ECUT的模拟时间、效率和能量分数值基本相同。在模拟时间和效率不变的情况下,能量分数发生了变化。在这个模拟中打开旋转效果会增加25%的模拟时间。当打开松弛时,模拟时间增加约15%。相比精度较低的PRESTA-I算法,EGSnrc算法的沉积能量计算精度较高,但计算速度要慢30%左右。因此,在egs++仿真中需要对输运参数进行优化,以提供最佳的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Skin Protection from the Dangers of Sun Exposure Using Color Variations and Types of Cotton Fabrics 使用颜色变化和棉织物类型对皮肤防晒的危害分析
Pub Date : 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v20i1.15172
Norliani Norliani, Mislan Mislan, Pratiwi Sri Wardani, E. Putri
Cotton fabric is a comfortable clothing material to wear in tropical climates. In addition to the comfort aspect, cotton cloth is expected to be able to protect the skin from the dangers of sun exposure. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the optimum amount of protection produced by cotton cloth, determining the type and color of cotton cloth that is most effectively used as a protector, and knowing the SPF (sun protection factor) value category based on the type and color of cotton cloth. This study used three types of cotton cloth, each consisting of four colors, as well as a Digital Environment Multimeter which was used to measure the intensity of sunlight in units of lux. The protection value is obtained by comparing the intensity of sunlight without a cotton cloth protector (lux) with the intensity of sunlight using a cotton cloth protector (lux). The results obtained show that the most optimum protection value is found in black toyobo cotton cloth with an SPF value of 54.4 and a transmittance of 1.8%. The cotton fabrics that provided the most effective protection based on type and color were black and blue toyobo, medina and Japanese cotton fabrics. Based on the SPF value obtained, it can be seen that black and blue toyobo cotton fabrics, and black madinah cotton fabrics have a very good protection category. The black and blue Japanese cotton fabrics, as well as the blue medina type, have a good protection category, while the orange Toyobo cotton fabrics have a sufficient protection category.
棉织物是热带气候下穿着舒适的服装材料。除了舒适方面,棉布有望保护皮肤免受阳光照射的危害。本研究的目的是了解棉布产生的最佳保护量,确定最有效的保护作用的棉布的类型和颜色,并根据棉布的类型和颜色了解SPF(防晒系数)值类别。这项研究使用了三种类型的棉布,每一种由四种颜色组成,以及一个数字环境万用表,用于测量以勒克斯为单位的阳光强度。该防护值是通过比较不使用棉布保护器的阳光强度(勒克斯)与使用棉布保护器的阳光强度(勒克斯)得到的。结果表明,黑色东洋棉布的防晒系数为54.4,透光率为1.8%,防护效果最佳。从种类和颜色上看,保护效果最好的棉织物是黑色和蓝色的东洋棉、麦地那棉和日本棉织物。根据得到的SPF值可以看出,黑色和蓝色的东洋棉面料,以及黑色的麦地那棉面料具有非常好的防护类别。黑色和蓝色的日本棉织物,以及蓝色的麦地那型,有很好的保护类别,而橙色的东洋棉织物有足够的保护类别。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of Solar Panels as a Source of Electrical Energy in Alternating Current (AC) Water Pump 太阳能电池板在交流水泵中作为电能来源的应用
Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v20i1.14421
Masthura Masthura, A. Armansyah
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Bioplastics Based on Banana Peel Starch with Variations of Rice Straw Cellulose 香蕉皮淀粉基生物塑料力学性能分析及秸秆纤维素的变化
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v20i1.14067
Ety Jumiati, Miftahul Husnah, S. Lestari
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Mineral Characteristics of Leang Lonrong Cave Ornaments in The Pangkep Karst Area, South Sulawesi, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park Bantimurung buusaraung国家公园南苏拉威西邦克普喀斯特地区梁龙荣洞穴饰品矿物特征分析
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v19i3.14329
N. Ms, M. Arsyad, Agus Susanto
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Tc99m MDP Radiopharmaceuticals in the Spinal Areas of Breast Cancer Patients 乳腺癌患者脊柱区Tc99m - MDP放射性药物含量分析
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v19i3.12900
Desty Anggita Tunggadewi, Syefira Lupita Azmi, B. Santosa
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引用次数: 0
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Safety in Pregnant (A Literature Review) 妊娠期磁共振成像(MRI)安全性(文献综述)
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.20527/flux.v19i3.14796
Ramacos Fardela, Suci Ramda Rena, Atika Maulida, F. Diyona
Radiation is a beam of energy that comes from particles or photons. Based on the ability to ionize matter, radiation can be grouped into non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is radiation that can ionize the matter through which it passes. Ionizing radiation has proven useful in medicine. However, exposure to potential ionizing radiation can cause negative effects for health and heredity (genetic). Ionizing radiation also cannot be observed directly so a nuclear detector is needed as a radiation monitoring device. Medical imaging commonly used in pregnancy is Ultrasonography (USG) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI is one of the modalities in medical imaging that utilizes a magnetic field. The use of MRI during pregnancy is on the rise, because it has the ability to produce clear images of cross-sectional anatomy without ionizing radiation. Until now there has been no research that shows the dangers of using MRI for pregnancy. So that through this literature study it is hoped that the reader will be able to understand the available evidence regarding the safety of MRI during pregnancy. This literature study was carried out by the authors by collecting information or studies from previous researchers regarding the safety of using MRI in pregnancy and its effects on the fetus. In addition, the author also attaches some evidence stating that the use of MRI can be said to be safe for pregnancy, because it does not use ionizing radiation so there are minimal side effects.
辐射是一束来自粒子或光子的能量。根据电离物质的能力,辐射可分为非电离辐射和电离辐射。电离辐射是一种能使所经过的物质电离的辐射。电离辐射已被证明在医学上有用。然而,暴露于潜在的电离辐射可对健康和遗传(遗传)造成负面影响。电离辐射也不能直接观察到,因此需要核探测器作为辐射监测装置。通常用于妊娠的医学成像是超声成像(USG)和磁共振成像(MRI)。核磁共振成像是利用磁场进行医学成像的一种方式。在怀孕期间使用核磁共振成像正在上升,因为它能够在没有电离辐射的情况下产生清晰的横断面解剖图像。到目前为止,还没有研究表明使用核磁共振成像对怀孕有危险。因此,通过这项文献研究,希望读者能够了解有关怀孕期间MRI安全性的现有证据。这项文献研究是由作者通过收集以前的研究人员关于在怀孕期间使用MRI的安全性及其对胎儿的影响的信息或研究进行的。此外,作者还附上了一些证据,说明使用MRI对怀孕可以说是安全的,因为它不使用电离辐射,所以副作用很小。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Measuring Instruments for Lung Vital Capacity and Human Respiratory Rate Based on Fiber Optic Sensors 基于光纤传感器的肺肺活量和呼吸频率测量仪的研制
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.25077/jif.15.1.39-47.2023
Mega Roza Lia, Harmadi Harmadi, Afdhal Muttaqin
The development of measuring instruments for vital lung capacity and human respiratory rate based on the fiber-optic sensor has a system consisting of a laser diode as a light source, optical fiber as a waveguide, and OPT101 as a photodetector. This research consists of three stages: hardware design, software design, and data analysis. Each component used is tested and then tested on the entire system to determine each component's performance when used together. In the software system, the analog signal in the form of voltage from OPT101 is converted into an ADC value by an analog-to-digital converter. Based on the ADC value obtained, the threshold value is determined as the threshold for reading the respiratory rate. The number of ADC values ​​during the measurement of vital lung capacity is then converted to volume. Testing of measuring instruments is carried out by comparing the results of instruments developed with a standard medical measuring device. The results of the tests and analyses that have been carried out have obtained an accuracy value of 92.62% for the measurement of vital lung capacity, 95.14% for the measurement of respiratory rate, and 92.62% for the measurement of the respiratory rate of variations in activity.
以激光二极管为光源、光纤为波导、OPT101为光电探测器,研制了基于光纤传感器的肺活量和呼吸频率测量仪器。本研究分为硬件设计、软件设计和数据分析三个阶段。对使用的每个组件进行测试,然后在整个系统上进行测试,以确定每个组件一起使用时的性能。在软件系统中,通过模数转换器将来自OPT101的电压形式的模拟信号转换为ADC值。根据得到的ADC值,确定阈值作为读取呼吸速率的阈值。然后将测量肺活量期间的ADC值转换为体积。测量仪器的测试是通过与标准医疗测量装置所研制的仪器的结果进行比较来进行的。已进行的测试和分析结果表明,肺活量测量的准确率为92.62%,呼吸速率测量的准确率为95.14%,呼吸活动变化率测量的准确率为92.62%。
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引用次数: 0
Dosimetry Verification of Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) In Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) Based on Multileaf Collimator Variations 基于多叶准直变化的食相治疗计划系统(TPS)中各向异性分析算法(AAA)的剂量学验证
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.25077/jif.15.1.48-55.2023
Fadillah Ahmad, Afdhal Muttaqin, D. Fitriyani, Ridwan Ridwan
Dosimetry verification of anisotropic analytical (AAA) algorithms based on variations of the multileaf collimator has been investigated using the Eclipse Treatment Planning System. This study used a 0.6cc ionization chamber farmer detector and Linac Clinical CX variant equipped with TPS Eclipse with AAA. This study used 6 MV energy and 2 Gy dose. The multileaf collimator was varied into six groups with the size (A, B, C, D, E, F) of the irradiation field used 20 cm x 20 cm. The measurement results were a dose deviation value or a dose ratio presentation in each irradiation area. The dose deviation of the multileaf collimator variation was A 0.86% for each group. Group B had 6.8%, Group C had -0.43%, Group D had 0.73%, Group E had 1.11%, and Group F had 0.84%. The mean dose deviation value for all multileaf collimator forms was 1.67%, where this value is within the tolerance value recommended by ICRU, namely 3-5%. The p-value in the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the entire group was 0.00. This data shows that there is no effect of variation in the multileaf collimator on the dose given.
使用Eclipse治疗计划系统研究了基于多叶准直器变化的各向异性分析(AAA)算法的剂量测定验证。本研究使用了0.6cc电离室农民探测器和配备了TPS Eclipse和AAA的Linac Clinical CX变体。本研究使用6MV能量和2Gy剂量。将多叶准直器分为六组,照射场大小(A、B、C、D、E、F)为20 cm x 20 cm。测量结果为每个照射区域的剂量偏差值或剂量比。各组多叶准直器变化的剂量偏差为A 0.86%。B组为6.8%,C组为-0.43%,D组为0.73%,E组为1.11%,F组为0.84%。所有多叶准直器形式的平均剂量偏差值为1.67%,在ICRU推荐的容许值范围内,即3-5%。整个组的方差分析(ANOVA)中的p值为0.00。该数据表明,多叶准直器的变化对所给剂量没有影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Corrosion Inhibition through the Adsorption of Cacao (Theobroma cacao) Peels Extract on Steel Surfaces: Experimental and DFT Results 通过吸附可可(可可)皮提取物在钢表面的缓蚀:实验和DFT结果
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.25077/jif.15.1.56-65.2023
Apriska Prameswari, D. Dahlan, Y. Yetri, Imelda
Steel surface coating has been carried out using the immersion method in an inhibitor of cacao (Theobroma cacao) peel extract for 24, 72, 120, and 168 hours. The corrosion treatment was performed using HCl with different immersion time of 48, 96, and 144 hours after coating process with the inhibitor. Corrosion testing with the weight loss method gave the best results with the lowest corrosion rate of 0.2972 mg.cm2/hour and inhibition efficiency of 74.7128% for steel samples with the longest immersion time in inhibitor. Optical microscopy and SEM images indicated that the longer the immersion time in the inhibitor, the better (i.e., fewer holes and cracks) the surface morphology of the steel. The appearance of four sharp peaks in the XRD diffractogram indicated that the samples with the lowest corrosion rate produced Fe and C crystalline phases due to the reaction between the steel surface and the inhibitor. A quantum chemical analysis using the DFT (Density Functional Theory) method also produced a fairly high inhibition efficiency and was close to the experimental results of 80.2098%.
钢表面涂层采用浸泡法在可可(可可)皮提取物抑制剂中浸泡24、72、120和168小时。采用HCl进行腐蚀处理,浸泡时间分别为48、96和144小时。失重法腐蚀试验效果最好,腐蚀速率最低,为0.2972 mg。在缓蚀剂中浸泡时间最长的钢样品,缓蚀效率为74.7128%。光学显微镜和扫描电镜图像表明,在缓蚀剂中浸泡时间越长,钢的表面形貌越好(即孔洞和裂纹越少)。XRD衍射图中出现的四个尖峰表明,腐蚀速率最低的样品由于钢表面与缓蚀剂的反应产生了铁和C的结晶相。采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法进行的量子化学分析也产生了相当高的抑制效率,接近实验结果的80.2098%。
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引用次数: 0
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JIF Jurnal Ilmu Fisika
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