Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.34-38
V. Kvasnikov, A. Perederko, L. Kuzmich, V. Kotetunov
This article is devoted to the measurement of mechanical quantities. The proposed methods are directed to the mechanical values of the intellectual devices of the system (in conditions of uncertainty). At the present stage of the development of intellectual systems, the issue of creating methods for rapid processing of the obtained results, determining the accuracy of their measurement in real time, in particular in solving management problems and making decisions under uncertainty, remains an issue. The result of the measurement of mechanical quantities, in particular the cost of thermal energy by intelligent instrumentation systems (IPS), is complete, provided that it is accompanied by an estimate of its accuracy [1]. The processing accuracy of the measurement results depends on the type of measurement, the number of experimental data, the accuracy requirements of the measurement, and so on. Only during direct one-time measurements the result of the study may be the result of the measurement (provided that the systematic errors of measurement are not corrected). In other measurements, processing can be done using standardized techniques (eg statistical methods), or require the creation of special algorithms. In general, the processing involves the following steps [2, 3, 4]: preliminary analysis of the results of observations (primary measurements), their systematization of the rejection of obviously false results; Correction of the influence of systematic effects (study of measurement conditions, calculation and amendment); analysis of the effects of random effects, testing hypotheses about their distribution, selection of the best estimates of the required values; evaluation of the accuracy characteristics of a numerical algorithm, its stability; execution of calculations in accordance with the chosen algorithm; analysis of the results; submission of measurement results and characteristics of their accuracy in the appropriate form. Each type of measurement has its own characteristics and therefore the specific content of these operations of processing the results of a particular type of measurement has certain differences. The approaches to processing the results of measurement of mechanical quantities by intelligent instrumental systems, in particular estimating the accuracy of measurements under uncertainty, are substantiated.
{"title":"Processing of Measurement Results for Mechanical Values by Intellectual Equipment Systems (Uncertainty Conditions)","authors":"V. Kvasnikov, A. Perederko, L. Kuzmich, V. Kotetunov","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.34-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.34-38","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the measurement of mechanical quantities. The proposed methods are directed to the mechanical values of the intellectual devices of the system (in conditions of uncertainty). At the present stage of the development of intellectual systems, the issue of creating methods for rapid processing of the obtained results, determining the accuracy of their measurement in real time, in particular in solving management problems and making decisions under uncertainty, remains an issue. \u0000The result of the measurement of mechanical quantities, in particular the cost of thermal energy by intelligent instrumentation systems (IPS), is complete, provided that it is accompanied by an estimate of its accuracy [1]. The processing accuracy of the measurement results depends on the type of measurement, the number of experimental data, the accuracy requirements of the measurement, and so on. Only during direct one-time measurements the result of the study may be the result of the measurement (provided that the systematic errors of measurement are not corrected). In other measurements, processing can be done using standardized techniques (eg statistical methods), or require the creation of special algorithms. \u0000In general, the processing involves the following steps [2, 3, 4]: \u0000 \u0000preliminary analysis of the results of observations (primary measurements), their systematization of the rejection of obviously false results; \u0000Correction of the influence of systematic effects (study of measurement conditions, calculation and amendment); \u0000analysis of the effects of random effects, testing hypotheses about their distribution, selection of the best estimates of the required values; \u0000evaluation of the accuracy characteristics of a numerical algorithm, its stability; \u0000execution of calculations in accordance with the chosen algorithm; \u0000analysis of the results; \u0000submission of measurement results and characteristics of their accuracy in the appropriate form. \u0000 \u0000Each type of measurement has its own characteristics and therefore the specific content of these operations of processing the results of a particular type of measurement has certain differences. The approaches to processing the results of measurement of mechanical quantities by intelligent instrumental systems, in particular estimating the accuracy of measurements under uncertainty, are substantiated.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43376190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.39-43
S. Yatsyshyn, K. Melnyk
Currently the need for micro thermometers with low inertia and accordingly with the small diameter of the capillary is increasing, and information about their inertia, which is necessary, in particular, for medicine, becomes insufficient. Micro thermometers with liquid-phase sensitive elements are made on the basis of capillaries filled with liquid. Important is the type of liquid (water, alcohol, mercury, etc.), the angle of inclination of the thermometer capillary, and its internal diameter. The time of their thermal inertia is rather small, since the thermal equilibrium of the thermometer and the controlled object is set extremely fast. However, in reality, the movement of a liquid in a capillary of a thermometer, which determines the readout of the temperature value, due to the change in the thermodynamic conditions during the measurement, is not so rapid to satisfy the metrology. The experience of studying the spontaneous penetration of liquids in porous micro and nano channels of natural structures is limited mainly by works that capture the significance of the influence of initial conditions. The features of filling capillaries of different internal diameters at different angles of inclination are considered in the paper. It enables us to work out the technology of manufacturing and application of these thermometers, and thus to predict the duration of setting the micro thermometers’ indications not limited by thermal inertia. For this purpose, the Washburn’s and Bosanquet equations are considered. Rate of filling the capillary is affected by fluid viscosity, surface tension, length of the filled capillary, and its diameter. Since the viscosity of the liquid increases slightly with pressure and decreases exponentially with temperature, it is inversely proportional to the rate of liquid penetration or to the rate of moving meniscus. We have analyzed the impact of these factors on the micro thermometers’ performance that promotes their efficient production and application.
{"title":"Inertia of liquid microthermometer readings","authors":"S. Yatsyshyn, K. Melnyk","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.39-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.39-43","url":null,"abstract":"Currently the need for micro thermometers with low inertia and accordingly with the small diameter of the capillary is increasing, and information about their inertia, which is necessary, in particular, for medicine, becomes insufficient. Micro thermometers with liquid-phase sensitive elements are made on the basis of capillaries filled with liquid. Important is the type of liquid (water, alcohol, mercury, etc.), the angle of inclination of the thermometer capillary, and its internal diameter. The time of their thermal inertia is rather small, since the thermal equilibrium of the thermometer and the controlled object is set extremely fast. However, in reality, the movement of a liquid in a capillary of a thermometer, which determines the readout of the temperature value, due to the change in the thermodynamic conditions during the measurement, is not so rapid to satisfy the metrology. The experience of studying the spontaneous penetration of liquids in porous micro and nano channels of natural structures is limited mainly by works that capture the significance of the influence of initial conditions. The features of filling capillaries of different internal diameters at different angles of inclination are considered in the paper. It enables us to work out the technology of manufacturing and application of these thermometers, and thus to predict the duration of setting the micro thermometers’ indications not limited by thermal inertia. For this purpose, the Washburn’s and Bosanquet equations are considered. Rate of filling the capillary is affected by fluid viscosity, surface tension, length of the filled capillary, and its diameter. Since the viscosity of the liquid increases slightly with pressure and decreases exponentially with temperature, it is inversely proportional to the rate of liquid penetration or to the rate of moving meniscus. We have analyzed the impact of these factors on the micro thermometers’ performance that promotes their efficient production and application.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42366082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.31-33
I. Orobets, V. Shevchenko
The article suggests a device that extends the functionality of the measuring devices such as generators and frequency meters. So these devices can be used as part of working standards in a complex for verification and calibrating stopwatches. The device consists of an electronic commutator and a component controlled by a microcontroller, which forms the required intervals of time and provides a necessary connection from the generator output to the frequency counter input, turned on in the pulse counting mode. The control signal simultaneously arrives at the commutator and the device for automatic start/stop of stopwatches. The circuit design of the device allows minimizing the device’s influence on the overall metrological characteristics of the complex through the use of a high-speed controlled M74HC125 buffer (high-speed CMOS QUAD BUFFER (3-STATE)) as a switch. The M74HC125 buffer in this device is the only metrologically significant node; the state switching time of which in the aspect of this task can be ignored (Fig. 3). A computer and standard software, such as HyperTerminal from the Windows XP or PuTTY distribution, are used to control and communicate with the device. The device can be connected to the computer via USB. For laboratories that have these instruments in operation, this approach can help to avoid acquisitions of the additional reference equipment, which helps to reduce the maintenance and calibration costs of reference equipment.
{"title":"Device for Generating and Measuring Time Intervals","authors":"I. Orobets, V. Shevchenko","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.31-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.31-33","url":null,"abstract":"The article suggests a device that extends the functionality of the measuring devices such as generators and frequency meters. So these devices can be used as part of working standards in a complex for verification and calibrating stopwatches. The device consists of an electronic commutator and a component controlled by a microcontroller, which forms the required intervals of time and provides a necessary connection from the generator output to the frequency counter input, turned on in the pulse counting mode. The control signal simultaneously arrives at the commutator and the device for automatic start/stop of stopwatches. The circuit design of the device allows minimizing the device’s influence on the overall metrological characteristics of the complex through the use of a high-speed controlled M74HC125 buffer (high-speed CMOS QUAD BUFFER (3-STATE)) as a switch. The M74HC125 buffer in this device is the only metrologically significant node; the state switching time of which in the aspect of this task can be ignored (Fig. 3). A computer and standard software, such as HyperTerminal from the Windows XP or PuTTY distribution, are used to control and communicate with the device. The device can be connected to the computer via USB. For laboratories that have these instruments in operation, this approach can help to avoid acquisitions of the additional reference equipment, which helps to reduce the maintenance and calibration costs of reference equipment.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42665686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.17-23
O. Kostyria, V. Storozhenko, V. Naumenko
Multipath propagation of radio waves negatively affects to the performance of telecommunications and radio navigation systems [1, 3]. When performing time and frequency synchronization tasks of spatially separated standards, the multipath signal propagation aggravates the probability of a correct synchronization and introduces an error. The presence of a multipath signal reduces the signal-to-noise ratio in the received signal, which in turn causes an increase in the synchronization error. The mathematical models of multipath interference suppression in the time and in the frequency domain are presented in the article. Compared to time processing, processing in the frequency domain reduces computational costs. The operation of suppression in the time domain has been verified experimentally.
{"title":"Compensation of Multipath Interference in a Separated Passive Time and Frequency Synchronization Systems","authors":"O. Kostyria, V. Storozhenko, V. Naumenko","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.17-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.17-23","url":null,"abstract":"Multipath propagation of radio waves negatively affects to the performance of telecommunications and radio navigation systems [1, 3]. When performing time and frequency synchronization tasks of spatially separated standards, the multipath signal propagation aggravates the probability of a correct synchronization and introduces an error. The presence of a multipath signal reduces the signal-to-noise ratio in the received signal, which in turn causes an increase in the synchronization error. The mathematical models of multipath interference suppression in the time and in the frequency domain are presented in the article. Compared to time processing, processing in the frequency domain reduces computational costs. The operation of suppression in the time domain has been verified experimentally.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42003646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.41-45
M. Burichenko, O. Ivanets
The method of estimation of quality of medical services on the basis of qualimetry depending on subjects of estimation is offered. Subjects evaluated are divided into three groups. For each group, quality indicators are defined that characterize the needs of each group. The evaluators comprise the needs of patients, the management of the medical institution and the state authorities. For each subject, a mathematical equation based on multiparametric regression is developed. The peculiarity of each equation is to take into account the factors influencing the quality of medical services of this particular group. Qualimetric method is used for quantitative assessment of the quality of medical services. The method is based on a set of multiparameter linear regression equations that allow to take into account and analyze the influence of various factors on the quality of medical services, depending on the subjects of evaluation. On the basis of processed statistics, the coefficients for each group were determined. We have checked each regression model for Fisher’s criterion adequacy. Proposed and tested model equations have become the basis for developing a methodology for assessing the quality of medical services. The proposed approach to the assessment of the quality of health services provides an opportunity to quantify the quality of the provision of medical services to consumers in a specific medical institution for different groups of subjects. But it can serve as a means of regulating the quality of healthcare provision by healthcare providers. The proposed approach allows identifying the risks that affect the quality of services. In the case of unsatisfactory quality of these services, based on the proposed approach, identify a group that does not meet the quality requirements and develop measures to address identified deficiencies as required by the international standard.
{"title":"Approach to Evaluation of Quality of Medical Services","authors":"M. Burichenko, O. Ivanets","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.41-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.41-45","url":null,"abstract":"The method of estimation of quality of medical services on the basis of qualimetry depending on subjects of estimation is offered. Subjects evaluated are divided into three groups. For each group, quality indicators are defined that characterize the needs of each group. The evaluators comprise the needs of patients, the management of the medical institution and the state authorities. For each subject, a mathematical equation based on multiparametric regression is developed. The peculiarity of each equation is to take into account the factors influencing the quality of medical services of this particular group. Qualimetric method is used for quantitative assessment of the quality of medical services. The method is based on a set of multiparameter linear regression equations that allow to take into account and analyze the influence of various factors on the quality of medical services, depending on the subjects of evaluation. On the basis of processed statistics, the coefficients for each group were determined. We have checked each regression model for Fisher’s criterion adequacy. Proposed and tested model equations have become the basis for developing a methodology for assessing the quality of medical services. The proposed approach to the assessment of the quality of health services provides an opportunity to quantify the quality of the provision of medical services to consumers in a specific medical institution for different groups of subjects. But it can serve as a means of regulating the quality of healthcare provision by healthcare providers. The proposed approach allows identifying the risks that affect the quality of services. In the case of unsatisfactory quality of these services, based on the proposed approach, identify a group that does not meet the quality requirements and develop measures to address identified deficiencies as required by the international standard.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42282075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.19-23
O. Kriukov, V. Mudrik
The work is devoted to the consideration of the methodology of experimental research of velocity measuring tool of the projectile in the barrel. The content of individual stages of conducting research is outlined. The research of the optical quality of the reflective coating is carried out. It is shown that the use of reflective paint and envelope in the coating of the front part of the projectile provides an effect of retroreflection, sufficient for the Doppler frequency shift. The influence of the retroreflective coating on the ballistic characteristics of the projectile has been investigated. It is defined that the relative increase of the mass and dimensions of the projectile, wich caused by the planted of the retroreflective coating on its front part, does not exceed, in accordance 0,10% and 0,025% of its output mass and length, therefore, the effect of these projectile parameters is too small and unable to exert a noticeable effect on its ballistic characteristics during of movement in barrel. The velocity projectile curves were carried by experimentally on an valid layout of the measuring tool , and their analysis was carried out. The possibility of using the double differential method of laser Doppler anemometry to measure the velocity of the projectile in barrel has been confirmed. Found that form the experimental curves velocity corresponds to the expected nature of the increase velocity of the projectile in the barrel of velocity measuring tool. The adequacy of the mathematical model of the measurement tool which obtained theoretically is confirmed.
{"title":"Velocity Measuring Tool of Projectile in the Barrel: Experimental Research Results of the Valid Layout","authors":"O. Kriukov, V. Mudrik","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.19-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.19-23","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the consideration of the methodology of experimental research of velocity measuring tool of the projectile in the barrel. The content of individual stages of conducting research is outlined. The research of the optical quality of the reflective coating is carried out. It is shown that the use of reflective paint and envelope in the coating of the front part of the projectile provides an effect of retroreflection, sufficient for the Doppler frequency shift. The influence of the retroreflective coating on the ballistic characteristics of the projectile has been investigated. It is defined that the relative increase of the mass and dimensions of the projectile, wich caused by the planted of the retroreflective coating on its front part, does not exceed, in accordance 0,10% and 0,025% of its output mass and length, therefore, the effect of these projectile parameters is too small and unable to exert a noticeable effect on its ballistic characteristics during of movement in barrel. The velocity projectile curves were carried by experimentally on an valid layout of the measuring tool , and their analysis was carried out. The possibility of using the double differential method of laser Doppler anemometry to measure the velocity of the projectile in barrel has been confirmed. Found that form the experimental curves velocity corresponds to the expected nature of the increase velocity of the projectile in the barrel of velocity measuring tool. The adequacy of the mathematical model of the measurement tool which obtained theoretically is confirmed.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41653840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.61-66
V. Boyko, A. Nozhenko, Yu. Rondin, A. Merkulov
The analysis of the measures to be carried out during the development (upgrading) of samples of armaments and military equipment carried out through the prism of the current order of supporting the development of armaments in Ukraine and the analysis of the process of development of armaments in the leading countries of the world on the example of the creation and procurement of weapons in the United States. The process of creation and procurement of weapons on the following issues is explored: normative documents regulating the process of creation and procurement of armaments, institutions dealing with the development of rules and regulations governing the development and procurement of weapons, strategic planning and defining the requirements for procurement of weapons, as well as the formation budget (state) applications for a year. Based on the comparison of the organizational and regulatory framework for the development (upgrading) of weapons in the United States and Ukraine, the main problem issues that need to be solved in our country are identified in order to improve the process of supporting the development (modernization) of weapons and military equipment, in particular in the field of metrological support.
{"title":"As Regards the Comparison of Organizational and Normative Bases for the Development (Upgrading) of Weapons and Military Equipment Samples in the USA and Ukraine: Metrological Support","authors":"V. Boyko, A. Nozhenko, Yu. Rondin, A. Merkulov","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.61-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.61-66","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the measures to be carried out during the development (upgrading) of samples of armaments and military equipment carried out through the prism of the current order of supporting the development of armaments in Ukraine and the analysis of the process of development of armaments in the leading countries of the world on the example of the creation and procurement of weapons in the United States. The process of creation and procurement of weapons on the following issues is explored: normative documents regulating the process of creation and procurement of armaments, institutions dealing with the development of rules and regulations governing the development and procurement of weapons, strategic planning and defining the requirements for procurement of weapons, as well as the formation budget (state) applications for a year. Based on the comparison of the organizational and regulatory framework for the development (upgrading) of weapons in the United States and Ukraine, the main problem issues that need to be solved in our country are identified in order to improve the process of supporting the development (modernization) of weapons and military equipment, in particular in the field of metrological support.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47189880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.33-40
I. Petryshyn, O. Baş
The article is devoted to the problematic issue of the regulatory framework governing the procedure for transferring units of measurement from the state primary (national) standards to the working facilities of measuring equipment. This concerns the need for further application of existing verification schemes, which have exhausted themselves from the point of view of practical application, since they now concern only the lower link, that is, working measuring instruments to be verified. The authors proposed, in accordance with the current regulatory documents, to supplement the list of documents submitted to the commission when approving new state (national) standards of physical units in terms of including hierarchical schemes. The current DSTU OIML D 5 was also analyzed in detail, in terms of the need to ensure the uncertainty relations between the steps of the hierarchy pyramid. It has been substantiated that there is no need to deliberately degrade the metrological characteristics of the standards in order to maintain the established ratio, since this is an irrational approach. For example, the authors have developed a hierarchical scheme for measuring the volume and volume of gas flow in a gaseous medium at a pressure of up to 1.6 MPa, which is headed by the National (State) primary standard for units of volume and volume flow of gas in a gaseous medium at a pressure of up to 1.6 MPa. As a practical implementation of the hierarchical scheme, the traceability chain of the Pasichna calibration unit has been demonstrated, the calibration procedure of which is carried out using the Reynolds number balancing method.
这篇文章专门讨论了管理将计量单位从国家一级（国家）标准转移到测量设备工作设施的程序的监管框架的问题。这涉及到需要进一步应用现有的核查方案，从实际应用的角度来看，这些方案已经用尽了，因为它们现在只涉及较低的环节，即待核查的工作计量器具。作者建议，根据现行监管文件，在批准新的国家（国家）实体单位标准时，在包括分级方案方面，补充提交给委员会的文件清单。还详细分析了当前DSTU OIML D 5，以确保层次金字塔各步骤之间的不确定性关系。事实证明，没有必要为了保持既定比率而故意降低标准的计量特性，因为这是一种不合理的方法。例如，作者开发了一种用于测量压力高达1.6MPa的气体介质中气体流量的体积和体积的分级方案，该方案由国家（州）关于压力高达1.6 MPa的气体媒介中气体流量和体积单位的主要标准领导。作为分层方案的实际实施，Pasichna校准装置的可追溯链已经得到了证明，其校准程序使用雷诺数平衡法进行。
{"title":"Some Aspects of the Implementation of Hierarchical Schemes and Traceability Chains of Measuring Instruments","authors":"I. Petryshyn, O. Baş","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.33-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.33-40","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the problematic issue of the regulatory framework governing the procedure for transferring units of measurement from the state primary (national) standards to the working facilities of measuring equipment. This concerns the need for further application of existing verification schemes, which have exhausted themselves from the point of view of practical application, since they now concern only the lower link, that is, working measuring instruments to be verified. The authors proposed, in accordance with the current regulatory documents, to supplement the list of documents submitted to the commission when approving new state (national) standards of physical units in terms of including hierarchical schemes. The current DSTU OIML D 5 was also analyzed in detail, in terms of the need to ensure the uncertainty relations between the steps of the hierarchy pyramid. It has been substantiated that there is no need to deliberately degrade the metrological characteristics of the standards in order to maintain the established ratio, since this is an irrational approach. For example, the authors have developed a hierarchical scheme for measuring the volume and volume of gas flow in a gaseous medium at a pressure of up to 1.6 MPa, which is headed by the National (State) primary standard for units of volume and volume flow of gas in a gaseous medium at a pressure of up to 1.6 MPa. As a practical implementation of the hierarchical scheme, the traceability chain of the Pasichna calibration unit has been demonstrated, the calibration procedure of which is carried out using the Reynolds number balancing method.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47823016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.24-26
V. Benedytskyi, P. Martynchuk, T. Nikitchuk, A. Voitsitskyi
The concentration of charged parts of the airspace (atmosphere) affects air quality and human health. This is due to the need to control the state of airspace for compliance with sanitary and hygiene standards. Measurement of electrical charges in the airspace of the environment has its own characteristics and differs from the measurement of those charges induced on the surface of materials of different nature. Requires specific sensors, depending on which environment parameters to be evaluated: volumetric, plane or other. Also important is the mode of measurement: permanent, single or reshort-term. These features and determine the method of measuring electric charges in the atmosphere of the environment. This article presents one of the methods of continuous measurement of charged parts of airspace, and also shows how the parameters of the sensor can specify the range of measurement of the concentration of electrical charges in the airspace of the environment.
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Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.46-54
V. Ignatkin
Existing methods of statistical analysis of data and the registration of a small number of observations or tests lead to the need for an organization unnecessarily large number of experiments. In case of the impossibility of conducting the required number of experiments, the results of the analysis are insufficiently reliable. In this paper, statistical methods of increasing the efficiency of processing a small number of experiments and observations for the adoption of sound managerial decisions and the use of appropriate corrective actions are considered. The method of calculating the mathematical expectation and dispersion of the error of construction of the integral distribution law (IDL) based on the method of compression of the region of its existence, as well as the construction of the corresponding nomograms for solving a large number of practical tasks of object management, processes, research and testing is proposed. In the described method of compression of the area of the existence of IDL to consider a priori, the whole set of possible IDLs is introduced. This translates the analysis from a two-dimensional to three-dimensional probability space by introducing concepts such as the probability density of IRAs, probably as a model of a population of IARs that changes after the registration of the results of each subsequent experiment, the section of the probability, and some others. The analysis made it possible to detect the objectively existing area of a small number of tests and specify the number of tests required to obtain the desired result. Compared with the estimates obtained from the inequality of PL Chebyshev, the required number of tests can be reduced in 2% times and at least 4 times in the analysis of the variance of the error of constructing the IDR. Based on the results obtained, new convergence criteria are introduced which begin to work with n = 3.
{"title":"Adoption of Managerial Decisions for a Small Number of Input Data","authors":"V. Ignatkin","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.46-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(3)2019.46-54","url":null,"abstract":"Existing methods of statistical analysis of data and the registration of a small number of observations or tests lead to the need for an organization unnecessarily large number of experiments. In case of the impossibility of conducting the required number of experiments, the results of the analysis are insufficiently reliable. \u0000In this paper, statistical methods of increasing the efficiency of processing a small number of experiments and observations for the adoption of sound managerial decisions and the use of appropriate corrective actions are considered. The method of calculating the mathematical expectation and dispersion of the error of construction of the integral distribution law (IDL) based on the method of compression of the region of its existence, as well as the construction of the corresponding nomograms for solving a large number of practical tasks of object management, processes, research and testing is proposed. \u0000In the described method of compression of the area of the existence of IDL to consider a priori, the whole set of possible IDLs is introduced. This translates the analysis from a two-dimensional to three-dimensional probability space by introducing concepts such as the probability density of IRAs, probably as a model of a population of IARs that changes after the registration of the results of each subsequent experiment, the section of the probability, and some others. The analysis made it possible to detect the objectively existing area of a small number of tests and specify the number of tests required to obtain the desired result. Compared with the estimates obtained from the inequality of PL Chebyshev, the required number of tests can be reduced in 2% times and at least 4 times in the analysis of the variance of the error of constructing the IDR. Based on the results obtained, new convergence criteria are introduced which begin to work with n = 3.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47571504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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