Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.37-40
O. Krychevets
This paper presents the results of an investigation into the behavior of the functions of transforming the input data errors for different types of measurement systems’ computing components in order to use their generalized models developed on the basis of the finite automata theory. It is shown that, depending on the kind and value of an input data error transformation function (metrological condition of computing components), the errors of measurement results obtained with the systems’ measuring channels have a determinate character of changes in both static and dynamic regimes of computing components. Determined are the basic dependences of the errors of measurement results upon the input data errors, and upon the types of input data transformation functions; given are the results of their calculation. The investigation results demonstrate a linear character of the dependence of measurement result errors upon the input data errors ΔХ{(tn). In addition, the transformation function calculation f = ΔY{(tn)/ΔХ{(tn) gives its steady state value f = 1,0, i.e. a computing component does not transform the input data error, and does not reverse its sign. For the iterative procedures, the input data errors do not affect the final measurement result, and its accuracy. The measurement error values Δуn depend on the iteration number, and decrease with the increasing number. Of particular interest is the behavior of the function of transforming the input data errors: first, its values are dependent upon the number of iterations; second, f < 1, which clearly shows that the input data errors decrease with the increasing number of iterations; and third, the availability of values f = 0 indicates that the function of transforming the input data errors is able to «swallow up» the input data error at the end of the computational procedure. For the linear-chain structures, data have been obtained for a predominantly linear dependence of the measurement error Δs on the input data error Δх, and for the absence of the chain’s transformation function f dependence on the input data errors Δх. For the computing components having a cyclic structure, typical is the same dependence of measurement errors Δt on the input data errors and on the behavior of transformation function ft/x which are specific to the above mentioned computing components that realize iterative procedures. The difference is that the computing components having a cyclic structure realize the so-called (sub)space iteration as opposed to the time iteration specific to the computing components considered. The computing components having a complicated structure (e.g. serial-cyclic, serial-parallel, etc.) demonstrate the dependence of measurement errors on the input data errors which is specific to the linear link that, with such a structure, is determinative for evaluating the measurement error. Also the function of transforming the input data errors behaves similarly.
{"title":"Formation of the Convergence Functions of Errors of Input Data of Measurement Systems Computing Components on the Basis of the Finite Automatics Theory","authors":"O. Krychevets","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.37-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.37-40","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of an investigation into the behavior of the functions of transforming the input data errors for different types of measurement systems’ computing components in order to use their generalized models developed on the basis of the finite automata theory. It is shown that, depending on the kind and value of an input data error transformation function (metrological condition of computing components), the errors of measurement results obtained with the systems’ measuring channels have a determinate character of changes in both static and dynamic regimes of computing components. Determined are the basic dependences of the errors of measurement results upon the input data errors, and upon the types of input data transformation functions; given are the results of their calculation. \u0000The investigation results demonstrate a linear character of the dependence of measurement result errors upon the input data errors ΔХ{(tn). In addition, the transformation function calculation f = ΔY{(tn)/ΔХ{(tn) gives its steady state value f = 1,0, i.e. a computing component does not transform the input data error, and does not reverse its sign. \u0000For the iterative procedures, the input data errors do not affect the final measurement result, and its accuracy. The measurement error values Δуn depend on the iteration number, and decrease with the increasing number. Of particular interest is the behavior of the function of transforming the input data errors: first, its values are dependent upon the number of iterations; second, f < 1, which clearly shows that the input data errors decrease with the increasing number of iterations; and third, the availability of values f = 0 indicates that the function of transforming the input data errors is able to «swallow up» the input data error at the end of the computational procedure. \u0000For the linear-chain structures, data have been obtained for a predominantly linear dependence of the measurement error Δs on the input data error Δх, and for the absence of the chain’s transformation function f dependence on the input data errors Δх. \u0000For the computing components having a cyclic structure, typical is the same dependence of measurement errors Δt on the input data errors and on the behavior of transformation function ft/x which are specific to the above mentioned computing components that realize iterative procedures. The difference is that the computing components having a cyclic structure realize the so-called (sub)space iteration as opposed to the time iteration specific to the computing components considered. \u0000The computing components having a complicated structure (e.g. serial-cyclic, serial-parallel, etc.) demonstrate the dependence of measurement errors on the input data errors which is specific to the linear link that, with such a structure, is determinative for evaluating the measurement error. Also the function of transforming the input data errors behaves similarly.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44765132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.49-51
V. Ignatkin, O. Saragtov
Розглянуто алгоритм, який дозволяє для дискретної вибірки із N значень на проміжку часу [–T/2, +T/2] оцінювати спектр потужності за допомогою фільтра з тією ж самою вузькою спектральною смугою у прямокутному часовому вікні, але з рівнем бічних пелюсток, менших на 4,3 дБ. Наведено приклади декількох «енергетичних» фільтрів. При цьому показано відгуки енергетичного фільтра порівняно з фільтром на основі традиційних часових вікон. Виникають можливості керування як шириною смуги фільтра, так і формою його вершини. Також суттєво збільшується розмірність простору змінних варіювання. Стосовно спектрального аналізу, йдеться відносно випадку, коли перетворення Фур’є виконується з двома різними часовими вікнами у часі. Підсумок формується із множників дійсних і недійсних частин першого та другого перетворення. При цьому не потрібно певних оптимальних властивостей від кожного із часових вікон, окремо оптимізується тільки кінцевий підсумок. Це ефективно, якщо одне із часових вікон нагадує вікно Кайзера-Бесселя. При цьому проведення згортки після перетворення Фур’є стає трудомістким, потребує багато обчислювальних операцій, та часове вікно краще використовувати безпосередньо до сигналу, який аналізується перед перетворенням Фур’є. Для таких часових вікон будування «енергетичного» фільтра збільшує час аналізу приблизно у два рази. Але швидкість обчислювань не завжди є визначальним фактором, а сумісне використання двох різних вікон замість одного розширює можливості аналізу. Результати роботи можуть бути використані під час фільтрації приймальної потужності сигналу для різних систем, зокрема, для систем з максимальним придушенням шумової завади. Перспективно оптимізувати приймальну систему з горизонтальним робочим напрямком приймання. Задачу оптимізації у цьому випадку вирішують з урахуванням робочого діапазону як для середньої, так і для максимальної завади.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Signal Power Spectrum in Directional Receiving Systems","authors":"V. Ignatkin, O. Saragtov","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.49-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2019.49-51","url":null,"abstract":"Розглянуто алгоритм, який дозволяє для дискретної вибірки із N значень на проміжку часу [–T/2, +T/2] оцінювати спектр потужності за допомогою фільтра з тією ж самою вузькою спектральною смугою у прямокутному часовому вікні, але з рівнем бічних пелюсток, менших на 4,3 дБ. Наведено приклади декількох «енергетичних» фільтрів. При цьому показано відгуки енергетичного фільтра порівняно з фільтром на основі традиційних часових вікон. Виникають можливості керування як шириною смуги фільтра, так і формою його вершини. Також суттєво збільшується розмірність простору змінних варіювання. \u0000Стосовно спектрального аналізу, йдеться відносно випадку, коли перетворення Фур’є виконується з двома різними часовими вікнами у часі. \u0000Підсумок формується із множників дійсних \u0000і недійсних частин першого та другого перетворення. При цьому не потрібно певних оптимальних властивостей від кожного із часових вікон, окремо оптимізується тільки кінцевий підсумок. Це ефективно, якщо одне із часових вікон нагадує вікно Кайзера-Бесселя. При цьому проведення згортки після перетворення Фур’є стає трудомістким, потребує багато обчислювальних операцій, та часове вікно краще використовувати безпосередньо до сигналу, який аналізується перед перетворенням Фур’є. \u0000Для таких часових вікон будування «енергетичного» фільтра збільшує час аналізу приблизно у два рази. Але швидкість обчислювань не завжди є визначальним фактором, а сумісне використання двох різних вікон замість одного розширює можливості аналізу. \u0000Результати роботи можуть бути використані під час фільтрації приймальної потужності сигналу для різних систем, зокрема, для систем з максимальним придушенням шумової завади. \u0000Перспективно оптимізувати приймальну систему з горизонтальним робочим напрямком приймання. Задачу оптимізації у цьому випадку вирішують з урахуванням робочого діапазону як для середньої, так і для максимальної завади.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43992667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.24-30
E. Volodarsky, L. Kosheva, I. Pototsky
The article considers the possibility of maintaining in statistical controllable state the technological process with the use of control charts of accumulated sums. The principles of construction of these charts, features of the process disorder detection are shown. The feature of the control charts of accumulated sums is that, the decision regarding the statistical controllability of the process is made taking into account the preliminary information. The dots mapped do not correspond to individual measurement results or statistics, they display information about all the results obtained, from first to last, inclusive. This feature allows you to respond more quickly to signs of process disorder than when working with Shewhart control charts, where sample statistics are used for analysis, which are independent control results. The characteristics relation of the charts with the establishment of errors of the 1st and 2nd kind when interpreting them using the hypothesis testing apparatus is considered. The article presents the theoretical substantiation and approaches to the application of sequential LQ (likelyhood quotient) criterion in process monitoring, describes the main parameters that influence decision making. A graphical interpretation of the application of the LQ criterion is given to improve the perception of information. The method of graphical estimation of the process disorder with the use of V-mask, which is associated with the reversed LQ criterion, is also considered, if a disorder of the technological process is detected and it is necessary to set the time when it happened. At the same time, the right approach to constructing a V-mask template is very important, since in addition to the «opening» angle of the mask, the scaling factor must be taken into account. This coefficient is the ratio of the scale of the ordinate to the abscissa axis, and its failure to apply will lead to incorrect interpretation of the control results. A specific numerical example with an appropriate graphical representation of the results is considered.
{"title":"Features, Opportunities and Application of Control Cards Accumulated Sum. Part 1. Graphic Evaluation Method Dilution Technological Process","authors":"E. Volodarsky, L. Kosheva, I. Pototsky","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.24-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.24-30","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the possibility of maintaining in statistical controllable state the technological process with the use of control charts of accumulated sums. The principles of construction of these charts, features of the process disorder detection are shown. The feature of the control charts of accumulated sums is that, the decision regarding the statistical controllability of the process is made taking into account the preliminary information. The dots mapped do not correspond to individual measurement results or statistics, they display information about all the results obtained, from first to last, inclusive. This feature allows you to respond more quickly to signs of process disorder than when working with Shewhart control charts, where sample statistics are used for analysis, which are independent control results. \u0000The characteristics relation of the charts with the establishment of errors of the 1st and 2nd kind when interpreting them using the hypothesis testing apparatus is considered. The article presents the theoretical substantiation and approaches to the application of sequential LQ (likelyhood quotient) criterion in process monitoring, describes the main parameters that influence decision making. A graphical interpretation of the application of the LQ criterion is given to improve the perception of information. \u0000The method of graphical estimation of the process disorder with the use of V-mask, which is associated with the reversed LQ criterion, is also considered, if a disorder of the technological process is detected and it is necessary to set the time when it happened. At the same time, the right approach to constructing a V-mask template is very important, since in addition to the «opening» angle of the mask, the scaling factor must be taken into account. This coefficient is the ratio of the scale of the ordinate to the abscissa axis, and its failure to apply will lead to incorrect interpretation of the control results. A specific numerical example with an appropriate graphical representation of the results is considered.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41490759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.62-67
A. Kolesnyk
Lighting devices are an important element of a large number of technical systems, including road, living, industrial lighting, lighting systems of vehicles. It is known that the light instrument must fulfill two basic lighting tasks: to redistribute the light source of light source in the right way and to limit its dazzling effect. The introduction of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for lighting necessitated a completely new quality in the construction of luminaires. The different production technology required new methods and designing tools. It also challenged designers with new problems to solve. LEDs are light sources emitting in one hemisphere, which requires a special approach to designing an LED lighting unit. However, for the illumination of premises with high spans or streets, roads such a light distribution is not suitable. For luminaires with solid-state light sources, other materials and new technology must be used; moreover, light distribution needs to be formed using different methods. This paper presents the design process of a LED luminaire from concept to implementation, exemplified by road lighting, and describes the methods and procedures used by the designer. Also, technological problems influencing the quality of the above lighting are addressed. Optical systems for LEDs are considered. The peculiarities of the use of secondary optical elements in the form of lenses for purpose of obtaining different diagrams of the spatial distribution of light intensity of light-emitting diodes are analyzed. Features and problems of calculation of secondary optical systems are considered. Massive collimators do not have to be elements that focus a narrow beam of light. They are able to form a beam in accordance with any accepted distribution that is appropriate for a given application. They are also able to form a beam in a specific way that is required for outdoor lighting luminaires. The stages of a project for designing a road luminaire require the application of the knowledge and experience gained in various research projects. The design methods described in this paper have been developed designing activity and are also to be used successfully in lighting production.
{"title":"Optical System for Led Luminaire","authors":"A. Kolesnyk","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.62-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.62-67","url":null,"abstract":"Lighting devices are an important element of a large number of technical systems, including road, living, industrial lighting, lighting systems of vehicles. It is known that the light instrument must fulfill two basic lighting tasks: to redistribute the light source of light source in the right way and to limit its dazzling effect. The introduction of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for lighting necessitated a completely new quality in the construction of luminaires. The different production technology required new methods and designing tools. It also challenged designers with new problems to solve. LEDs are light sources emitting in one hemisphere, which requires a special approach to designing an LED lighting unit. However, for the illumination of premises with high spans or streets, roads such a light distribution is not suitable. For luminaires with solid-state light sources, other materials and new technology must be used; moreover, light distribution needs to be formed using different methods. \u0000This paper presents the design process of a LED luminaire from concept to implementation, exemplified by road lighting, and describes the methods and procedures used by the designer. Also, technological problems influencing the quality of the above lighting are addressed. Optical systems for LEDs are considered. The peculiarities of the use of secondary optical elements in the form of lenses for purpose of obtaining different diagrams of the spatial distribution of light intensity of light-emitting diodes are analyzed. Features and problems of calculation of secondary optical systems are considered. Massive collimators do not have to be elements that focus a narrow beam of light. They are able to form a beam in accordance with any accepted distribution that is appropriate for a given application. They are also able to form a beam in a specific way that is required for outdoor lighting luminaires. The stages of a project for designing a road luminaire require the application of the knowledge and experience gained in various research projects. The design methods described in this paper have been developed designing activity and are also to be used successfully in lighting production. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44112914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.44-47
V. Bojko
In the conditions of modern deepening of defense-industrial and military-technical cooperation with foreign powers pressing questions of metrological maintenance of statement on arms of Armed forces of Ukraine of samples (complexes) of arms of foreign manufacture are defined and proved. The structure chart of process of delivery of arms and the military techniques in the conditions of the special period is developed and systematized, delivery conditions are systematised: completeness of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques, an order of preparation of experts for service and operation of arms and the military techniques, representation of operational and other documentation in a state language, an order of codification, introduction in states and sheets. The basic requirements to metrological maintenance of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques of foreign manufacture at stages of carrying out of under control operation and the established departmental tests are defined. Components of technical, organizational and standard bases of system of metrological maintenance of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques at the specified stages and at the basic stage of life cycle of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques - an operation phase are defined and proved. It is recommended to use an optimum variant of operation of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques of foreign manufacture - operation on a technical condition which assumes definition and forecasting of a real condition of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques.
{"title":"Delivery of Samples of Military Techniques of Foreign Manufacture to Arms: Pressing Questions of Metrological Maintenance","authors":"V. Bojko","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.44-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.44-47","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of modern deepening of defense-industrial and military-technical cooperation with foreign powers pressing questions of metrological maintenance of statement on arms of Armed forces of Ukraine of samples (complexes) of arms of foreign manufacture are defined and proved. The structure chart of process of delivery of arms and the military techniques in the conditions of the special period is developed and systematized, delivery conditions are systematised: completeness of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques, an order of preparation of experts for service and operation of arms and the military techniques, representation of operational and other documentation in a state language, an order of codification, introduction in states and sheets. The basic requirements to metrological maintenance of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques of foreign manufacture at stages of carrying out of under control operation and the established departmental tests are defined. Components of technical, organizational and standard bases of system of metrological maintenance of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques at the specified stages and at the basic stage of life cycle of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques - an operation phase are defined and proved. It is recommended to use an optimum variant of operation of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques of foreign manufacture - operation on a technical condition which assumes definition and forecasting of a real condition of the sample (complex) of arms and the military techniques.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42859868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.10-16
V. Degtjaruk, М. Khоdаkоvskyi, М. Budnyk, V. Budnyk, М. Мudrenko, Ya.G. Tymoshenko
Investigating pulse in different parts of the body is of great interest to doctors. The purpose is the development of metrological maintenance, calibration and certification of photometric instruments [1—3]. Photoplethysmograph is designed to record changes in optical density of a person’s body area with a beam of light reflected in the light [4—6]. Measurements are carried out non-invasively [7]. Such device registers pulse wave (PW) signals and reference ECG with computer processing, Fig. 1—2 [8—10]. A working measure (LED) was created and calibrated using an optical radiation power meter based on the substitution method [11], test bench is at Fig. 3, calibration results — in Table 1 and Fig. 4. Test bench for device calibration and an optical radiator are at Fig. 5—6, view of calibrated signal — at Fig. 7. As a result of calibration (Table 2) the dependence of the output signal on LED power supply (Fig. 8) is obtained, and the calibration dependence is shown at Fig. 9. In the test bench for SMC used standardized light filters KNS-01 at a wavelength of 630 nm (Fig. 10a). The calibration curve is calculated as the dependence of the relative coefficient of inverse light dispersion (RCILD) on PW (Fig. 10b, Table 3). The view of output signal is at Fig. 11. As a result of SMC, the limits of permissible absolute error of 2 % in the range of RCILD (15—100) % are defined.
{"title":"Development of Metrological Maintenance of Photometric Devices For Pulsometry","authors":"V. Degtjaruk, М. Khоdаkоvskyi, М. Budnyk, V. Budnyk, М. Мudrenko, Ya.G. Tymoshenko","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.10-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.10-16","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating pulse in different parts of the body is of great interest to doctors. The purpose is the development of metrological maintenance, calibration and certification of photometric instruments [1—3]. Photoplethysmograph is designed to record changes in optical density of a person’s body area with a beam of light reflected in the light [4—6]. Measurements are carried out non-invasively [7]. Such device registers pulse wave (PW) signals and reference ECG with computer processing, Fig. 1—2 [8—10]. A working measure (LED) was created and calibrated using an optical radiation power meter based on the substitution method [11], test bench is at Fig. 3, calibration results — in Table 1 and Fig. 4. Test bench for device calibration and an optical radiator are at Fig. 5—6, view of calibrated signal — at Fig. 7. As a result of calibration (Table 2) the dependence of the output signal on LED power supply (Fig. 8) is obtained, and the calibration dependence is shown at Fig. 9. In the test bench for SMC used standardized light filters KNS-01 at a wavelength of 630 nm (Fig. 10a). The calibration curve is calculated as the dependence of the relative coefficient of inverse light dispersion (RCILD) on PW (Fig. 10b, Table 3). The view of output signal is at Fig. 11. \u0000As a result of SMC, the limits of permissible absolute error of 2 % in the range of RCILD (15—100) % are defined.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47403035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.68-72
A. Korobko
The article presents the results of validation for the method of measuring the lateral stability in tractors, trailers and agricultural machines. The method was developed in the testing laboratory of the State Scientific Institution «Leonid Pogorely Ukrainian Research Institute for Forecasting and Testing Equipment and Technologies for Agricultural Production», Kharkov branch. The method developed for measuring the angle of lateral stability is based on measuring the mass of the machine on boards in a horizontal and inclined position. Evaluation of lateral stability is carried out through an indirect indicator — the ratio of the mass of the machine bead in a horizontal position and inclined. The application of the developed method does not require determination of the coordinates of the center of mass of the machine and the use of platform stands, but provides only for measuring the mass of the machine in a horizontal position and at an angle when lifting one of the sides. A method for calculating the metrological characteristics of the proposed method is given. The error in measuring the angle of transverse stability of the proposed method consists of the error in measuring the mass of the machine and the uncertainty in measuring the angle of elevation of the machine’s edge. These values are independent and uncorrelated. The measurement error of the lateral stability angle is determined for the range of the real values masses of the machines and the angle at which they can be lifted aboard in safety conditions. As a result, validation is established. The method of measuring the lateral stability of a machine by successively weighing its sides is suitable for use. Its following characteristics. Requirements for the accuracy of measuring instruments: the measurement error of the angle of inclination of the machine — no more than ± 0,1°; measurement error of the mass of the machine — no more than ± 4 kg. The total absolute error of the method: when the mass of the machine is (2000)—(2300) kg — not more than 1,5°; with a mass (2300)—(10000) kg — 1,0°; with a mass of 10,000 kg or more — 0,5°. The range of measured values of the lateral stability angle is (25—45)°. The angle at which the machine climbs is (5—15)°. The scope of application of the method: tractors, trailers, agricultural machines. Table — 4. Figure — 4. References — 10.
{"title":"Validation for the Method Measuring Lateral Stability Angle Belonging Tractors and Agricultural Machines","authors":"A. Korobko","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.68-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.68-72","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of validation for the method of measuring the lateral stability in tractors, trailers and agricultural machines. The method was developed in the testing laboratory of the State Scientific Institution «Leonid Pogorely Ukrainian Research Institute for Forecasting and Testing Equipment and Technologies for Agricultural Production», Kharkov branch. The method developed for measuring the angle of lateral stability is based on measuring the mass of the machine on boards in a horizontal and inclined position. Evaluation of lateral stability is carried out through an indirect indicator — the ratio of the mass of the machine bead in a horizontal position and inclined. The application of the developed method does not require determination of the coordinates of the center of mass of the machine and the use of platform stands, but provides only for measuring the mass of the machine in a horizontal position and at an angle when lifting one of the sides. A method for calculating the metrological characteristics of the proposed method is given. The error in measuring the angle of transverse stability of the proposed method consists of the error in measuring the mass of the machine and the uncertainty in measuring the angle of elevation of the machine’s edge. These values are independent and uncorrelated. The measurement error of the lateral stability angle is determined for the range of the real values masses of the machines and the angle at which they can be lifted aboard in safety conditions. As a result, validation is established. The method of measuring the lateral stability of a machine by successively weighing its sides is suitable for use. Its following characteristics. Requirements for the accuracy of measuring instruments: the measurement error of the angle of inclination of the machine — no more than ± 0,1°; measurement error of the mass of the machine — no more than ± 4 kg. The total absolute error of the method: when the mass of the machine is (2000)—(2300) kg — not more than 1,5°; with a mass (2300)—(10000) kg — 1,0°; with a mass of 10,000 kg or more — 0,5°. The range of measured values of the lateral stability angle is (25—45)°. The angle at which the machine climbs is (5—15)°. The scope of application of the method: tractors, trailers, agricultural machines. Table — 4. Figure — 4. References — 10.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45313924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.55-61
T. Ilnytska, Kh. Vasylykha
In the article the peculiarities of applying the requirements of the new edition of the Law of Ukraine «On metrology and metrological activity» to the means of measuring equipment, which are put into exploitation and used in and outside the area of legally regulated metrology are considered. The means of measuring equipment which are put into circulation, placed on the market or put into exploitation and used in the area of legally regulated metrology shall comply with the requirements of all applicable Technical Regulations (Directives for EU) applicable to them. On the example of the measuring instruments related to the measurement of mass describes the procedure for assessing compliance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations applicable to them. The list of normative documents that corresponds to the instruments of different types for presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the relevant Technical Regulations are submitted. The information on the need for periodic verification of measuring equipment after conducting the conformity assessment procedure with the requirements of the Technical Regulations and after the end of the verification interval, which is established by the normative legal act of Ukraine is provided. The requirements for voluntary calibration of means of measuring equipment, which are used in and / or outside the area of legally regulated metrology in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On metrology and metrological activity» are considered. The enterprise must calibrate their standards and the means of measuring equipment to use to conduct their activities and / or to check the conformity of products and services to the established requirements. Because, the introduction of a certified quality management system in the enterprise requires compliance with the requirements of traceability and uncertainty of measurements. Conformity assessment bodies, including testing and calibration laboratories, scientific metrology centers, metrology centers and verification laboratories, shall also calibrate their standards and means of measuring equipment with the intercalibration intervals set solely by the user, taking into account the guidelines specified in the regulations.
{"title":"The Means of Measuring Equipment Related to the Measurement of Mass in and Outside the Area of Legally Regulated Metrology","authors":"T. Ilnytska, Kh. Vasylykha","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.55-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.55-61","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the peculiarities of applying the requirements of the new edition of the Law of Ukraine «On metrology and metrological activity» to the means of measuring equipment, which are put into exploitation and used in and outside the area of legally regulated metrology are considered. The means of measuring equipment which are put into circulation, placed on the market or put into exploitation and used in the area of legally regulated metrology shall comply with the requirements of all applicable Technical Regulations (Directives for EU) applicable to them. On the example of the measuring instruments related to the measurement of mass describes the procedure for assessing compliance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations applicable to them. The list of normative documents that corresponds to the instruments of different types for presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the relevant Technical Regulations are submitted. The information on the need for periodic verification of measuring equipment after conducting the conformity assessment procedure with the requirements of the Technical Regulations and after the end of the verification interval, which is established by the normative legal act of Ukraine is provided. The requirements for voluntary calibration of means of measuring equipment, which are used in and / or outside the area of legally regulated metrology in accordance with the Law of Ukraine «On metrology and metrological activity» are considered. The enterprise must calibrate their standards and the means of measuring equipment to use to conduct their activities and / or to check the conformity of products and services to the established requirements. Because, the introduction of a certified quality management system in the enterprise requires compliance with the requirements of traceability and uncertainty of measurements. Conformity assessment bodies, including testing and calibration laboratories, scientific metrology centers, metrology centers and verification laboratories, shall also calibrate their standards and means of measuring equipment with the intercalibration intervals set solely by the user, taking into account the guidelines specified in the regulations.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48295918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.48-54
A. Dolzhanskiy, Yelizaveta Kolot
Parameters of the total electrical resistance (impedance) are often used for substances properties identification, in particular, for heterogeneous liquids. In such conditions, the quality of the product is compared with the measured impedance (or full admittance) on alternating current [7, 8]. To do this, the industrial meters (RLC-meters), based on equivalent circuits, for example, in accordance with the «Warburg impedance scheme», are used. The disadvantages of such measurement tools are the uncertainty of the measuring circuit model components, the choice limitations of electrical parameters measuring means with the necessary sensitivity, as well as the high cost. Previously, the authors developed a new method of separate determination of active and capacitive impedance components for a heterogeneous fluid. This method is based on measuring at two close frequencies the levels of electric current and voltage with the subsequent calculation of the impedance components by a certain algorithm [1]. It is taken into account that the electrical properties of suspensions are usually caused by several types of charge carriers and depend a lot on the measurement conditions, in particular, the type (constant or alternating) and frequency of the electric current (6)…(8) [2, 3]. A new theoretical analysis and comparison of its results (9)…(11) with experimental data to determine the electrical properties of a water-graphite suspension (Table 1) revealed that the sensitivity of one of the impedance components (active or capacitive) to changes in a specific fluid property is higher than the total impedance. The experimental dependencies of the impedance components of a model fermented milk product on its fat content at low frequencies (up to 400 Hz) and voltage (up to 5 V) of electric current are presented (Figures 2, 3). These data confirmed the possibility of practical use of the design results for rapid quality assessment of various electrically conductive heterogeneous liquids with the necessary sensitivity and accuracy of measuring instruments.
{"title":"Efficiency Analysis and Application of Improved Method for Heterogeneous Liquids Quality Assessing by Impedance Components","authors":"A. Dolzhanskiy, Yelizaveta Kolot","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.48-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.48-54","url":null,"abstract":"Parameters of the total electrical resistance (impedance) are often used for substances properties identification, in particular, for heterogeneous liquids. In such conditions, the quality of the product is compared with the measured impedance (or full admittance) on alternating current [7, 8]. To do this, the industrial meters (RLC-meters), based on equivalent circuits, for example, in accordance with the «Warburg impedance scheme», are used. The disadvantages of such measurement tools are the uncertainty of the measuring circuit model components, the choice limitations of electrical parameters measuring means with the necessary sensitivity, as well as the high cost. Previously, the authors developed a new method of separate determination of active and capacitive impedance components for a heterogeneous fluid. This method is based on measuring at two close frequencies the levels of electric current and voltage with the subsequent calculation of the impedance components by a certain algorithm [1]. It is taken into account that the electrical properties of suspensions are usually caused by several types of charge carriers and depend a lot on the measurement conditions, in particular, the type (constant or alternating) and frequency of the electric current (6)…(8) [2, 3]. A new theoretical analysis and comparison of its results (9)…(11) with experimental data to determine the electrical properties of a water-graphite suspension (Table 1) revealed that the sensitivity of one of the impedance components (active or capacitive) to changes in a specific fluid property is higher than the total impedance. The experimental dependencies of the impedance components of a model fermented milk product on its fat content at low frequencies (up to 400 Hz) and voltage (up to 5 V) of electric current are presented (Figures 2, 3). These data confirmed the possibility of practical use of the design results for rapid quality assessment of various electrically conductive heterogeneous liquids with the necessary sensitivity and accuracy of measuring instruments.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46089323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-07DOI: 10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.3-9
B. Grynyov, N. Gurdzhian, O. Zelenskaya, V. Lyubynskiy, N. Molchanova, L. Mitcay, V. Tarasov
This work is devoted to the precision evaluation of the minimum detectable activity (MDA) measurement of gamma radiation radionuclides 137Cs and 60Co using plastic scintillators (PS). Scintillators are part of the detectors, which are sensitive elements of radiation portal monitors (PM). PS were produced at the Institute for scintillation materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ISMA NAS of Ukraine). The evaluation was generate in accordance with State standard of Ukraine ISO 5725-2:2005 [1] through statistical processing of experimental material. This made it possible to take into account the factors that determine the scattering of results without a model equation. Influence of PS sizes, energy radiation detected and distance from PS to the source of ionizing radiation (SIR) on the value of MDA precision measurement was studied. Precision coefficients of radionuclides MDA measurement evaluated when changing PS sizes from 500×300×50 mm (7500 cm3) up to 500×500×50 mm (12500 cm3), changing the energy radiation detected from 662 keV (137Cs) until 1332 keV (60Co), changing the distance from the PS to SIR from 10 to 50 cm. The results are presented in Fig. 6—9 and Table. Found, that the greatest contribution to the increase in MDA precision coefficient measurements makes a change in the irradiation geometry. It is shown that when distance from PS to SIR increases from 10 to 50 cm, precision values increase: when registering 137Cs, from 3,9 to 7,0 % (V = 7500 cm3) and from 3,6 to 6,3 % (V = 12500 cm3); when registering 60Co, from 3,1 to 4,3 % (V = 7500 cm3) and from 3,2 to 3,8 % (V = 12500 cm3). It is established, that the obtained results are due to the change in the contribution of background count rate to PS count rate under different measurements conditions. This contribution affects on the value of sensitivity coefficient and consequently on the value of MDA and precision coefficient.
本文研究了利用塑料闪烁体(PS)测量γ辐射放射性核素137Cs和60Co的最小可探测活性(MDA)的精度评价。闪烁体是探测器的一部分，是辐射门户监视器(PM)的敏感元件。PS是在乌克兰国家科学院闪烁材料研究所(ISMA NAS of Ukraine)生产的。根据乌克兰国家标准ISO 5725-2:2005[1]对实验材料进行统计处理，得出评价结果。这使得在没有模型方程的情况下考虑决定结果散射的因素成为可能。研究了PS尺寸、检测能量辐射以及PS到电离辐射源(SIR)的距离对MDA精密度测量值的影响。将PS尺寸从500×300×50 mm (7500 cm3)改变到500×500×50 mm (12500 cm3)，将检测到的能量辐射从662 keV (137Cs)改变到1332 keV (60Co)，将PS到SIR的距离从10改变到50 cm时，评估了放射性核素MDA测量的精度系数。结果如图6-9和表所示。发现，对MDA精度系数测量值的增加贡献最大的是辐照几何形状的变化。结果表明，当从PS到SIR的距离从10 cm增加到50 cm时，精度值增加:当记录137Cs时，从3,9 %增加到7,0 % (V = 7500 cm3)，从3,6 %增加到6,3 % (V = 12500 cm3);当注册60Co时，从3,1到4,3 % (V = 7500 cm3)和从3,2到3,8 % (V = 12500 cm3)。结果表明，在不同的测量条件下，背景计数率对PS计数率的贡献发生了变化。这种贡献影响灵敏度系数的值，从而影响MDA和精度系数的值。
{"title":"Precision Measurements of the Minimum Detectable Activity of Radionuclides by Plastic Scintillators for Radiation Monitoring","authors":"B. Grynyov, N. Gurdzhian, O. Zelenskaya, V. Lyubynskiy, N. Molchanova, L. Mitcay, V. Tarasov","doi":"10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.3-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(4)2019.3-9","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the precision evaluation of the minimum detectable activity (MDA) measurement of gamma radiation radionuclides 137Cs and 60Co using plastic scintillators (PS). Scintillators are part of the detectors, which are sensitive elements of radiation portal monitors (PM). PS were produced at the Institute for scintillation materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (ISMA NAS of Ukraine). \u0000The evaluation was generate in accordance with State standard of Ukraine ISO 5725-2:2005 [1] through statistical processing of experimental material. This made it possible to take into account the factors that determine the scattering of results without a model equation. Influence of PS sizes, energy radiation detected and distance from PS to the source of ionizing radiation (SIR) on the value of MDA precision measurement was studied. Precision coefficients of radionuclides MDA measurement evaluated when changing PS sizes from 500×300×50 mm (7500 cm3) up to 500×500×50 mm (12500 cm3), changing the energy radiation detected from 662 keV (137Cs) until 1332 keV (60Co), changing the distance from the PS to SIR from 10 to 50 cm. The results are presented in Fig. 6—9 and Table. Found, that the greatest contribution to the increase in MDA precision coefficient measurements makes a change in the irradiation geometry. It is shown that when distance from PS to SIR increases from 10 to 50 cm, precision values increase: when registering 137Cs, from 3,9 to 7,0 % (V = 7500 cm3) and from 3,6 to 6,3 % (V = 12500 cm3); when registering 60Co, from 3,1 to 4,3 % (V = 7500 cm3) and from 3,2 to 3,8 % (V = 12500 cm3). \u0000It is established, that the obtained results are due to the change in the contribution of background count rate to PS count rate under different measurements conditions. This contribution affects on the value of sensitivity coefficient and consequently on the value of MDA and precision coefficient.","PeriodicalId":52864,"journal":{"name":"Metrologiia ta priladi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43917805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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